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Greece had interaction with the surrounding civilizations, but many of the notable examples proved bloody. Persia, for example, was a large empire East of Greece who in its time largely fought Greece in skirmish, but in a large invasion of the Greek mainland, Greece managed to come together and defend their homeland against the invaders. Later, under Alexander, Greece would come to conquer Persian, and more. In the process, they brought Greek culture, like in India, where their influence began a new trend of images of Buddha as a person.

Below is a statue of Buddha,  made almost 500 years later, in the Greco-Buddhist style.

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As evident from their choice of arms and armor, the Greeks were advanced enough to use metal-working to their advantage, crafting efficient weapons of war. Also, as evident from their trade, Greece had sea-faring ability. This also extends militarily, to the Greek trireme, used to wrest control of the Mediterranean and its surrounding seas.

Below, on a Greek amphora, is a depiction of Ares in Greek armor.

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Greece was known for its many intellectuals and thinkers individually, but together, it made up Greece's general idea of thought and reason. Like the religious outlook in Athens, thinking was perceived as important as any deity or greater force. In the process, rational thought and reason was brought to the forefront of society, without needing to be the greatest of thinkers, or a dedicated philosopher.

Below is a Greek depiction of a symposium, where men would gather in thought and drink wine.

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The Greeks worshipped many gods, including 12 Olympians, and many minor gods. However, religion was not a vital part of each city-states system of values. Many city-states wanted to find Arete, their term for honor, and found different ways of doing so. Athens, for example, gave power to people, and embraced humanism. Sparta, on the other hand, found honor in dying for their state.

Below is a picture of the still-standing Parthenon, a monument in Athens to their patron God Athena

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While culturally unified, Ancient Greece remained fragmented into many different city-states. While these city-states were not under the same rule, alliances between them often pitted them for and against each other. Two examples include the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta, and the Delian League led by Athens. While for many years they stayed separate, this isn't to say they were never unified. When fighting Persia, their common blood brought them together. Also, when Alexander the Great set out to conquer foreign lands, his backing was based in the Greek city-states under one rule.

Below is a Greek coin of Alexander the Great as Hercules, showing his acceptance as a Greek and the perceived greatness of his reign.

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Different city-states had different rules that people were expected to follow. In Athens, land-owning men could vote and had the most power in the state. In Sparta, men (Spartan men, who were thought to be superior as a race) were expected to train from an early age to fight and the women were expected to birth more strong men and women to sustain the needs of the state. As a general theme between them, men were more valued than women and a social hierarchy existed.

Picture below is of an ostracon, used to vote on ostracizing  a member of Athenian society.