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Practical applications - prison reform +

Hodgekinson et al - trainee nurses are more likely to be victims or assault, supporting that situational factors are the cause. +

Mills et al - surveyed 200 inmates newly admitted to a Canadian prison, using the alcohol dependency scale (ADS), and found increased levels of 'serious institutional misconduct' with increased alcoholism. This supports dispositional factors being the cause. +

Zimbardo said that prisons actually got worse, therefore the experiment cannot be justified in cost-benefit terms. -

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Hazing = a form of institutional bullying used to discipline the junior members of the institutional in order to maintain the pecking order.

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Hazing = a form of institutional bullying used to discipline the junior members of the institutional in order to maintain the pecking order.

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Allen and Madden: over half of 11,00 students in teams and clubs experienced hazing.

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Institutional aggression can result from dispositional or situational factors:

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Institutional aggression can result from dispositional or situational factors:

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Dispositional = aggression stems from personality factors
Situational = aggression stems from factors within the social situation

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It occurs in two ways: instrumental and hostile aggression.                Instrumental aggression is when institutional groups share common identities and aims - e.g. the Police - use aggression to achieve goals.   Hostile aggression is when people live in institutions e.g. prisons, and they use aggression emerging from emotional states such as anger.

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It occurs in two ways: instrumental and hostile aggression.                Instrumental aggression is when institutional groups share common identities and aims - e.g. the Police - use aggression to achieve goals.   Hostile aggression is when people live in institutions e.g. prisons, and they use aggression emerging from emotional states such as anger.

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Explanations of institutional aggression are attributed to situational factors (aggression stemming from factors within the social situation) or dispositional factors (aggression stemming from personality factors.)

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Institutional aggression comes under social psychological theories of aggression

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Institutional aggression comes under social psychological theories of aggression

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Zimbardo was motivated to take part in a prison study due to reported abuse by prisoners and guards in US prisons - it was seen as due dispositional factors.

He concluded that behaviour actually resulted from situational factors (the environment creates brutality)

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Institutional aggression in The Psychologist Students often miss opportunities to take their analysis further at A2 when they do not support their arguments with either evidence or examples. David J. Cooke and Lorraine Johnstone's article, featured in August's BPS members publication, The Psychologist, ("A look through the PRISM"; August 2012, vol.