# data[].attributes.body
1.       Rio's epic water pollution has been going on for two decades due to a lack of modern sanitation programs. Despite Olympic organizers's promise to clean the city's waterways at their 2009 bid, trash, raw sewage and even body parts have been a presence at water sport venues.

2.       In related news, last year, the Associated Press published its results from an eight-month study of Rio's water venues, concluding that none were safe for swimming or boating, with more than 1 billion viruses from human sewage in a single litre of water from the Rodrigo de Freitas Lake.

3.       A number of high-profile athletes, especially golfers, have dropped out of the Summer Games due to Zika fears.

4.       Instead of using the city's two existing golf courses, organizers decided to build a completely new one from scratch, destroying the Atlantic Forest.

5.       Last month, a jaguar—the Brazilian Olympic team's mascot—was shot and killed at the Olympic torch passing ceremony.

# data[].attributes.body
Beijing Olympic Games was faced with significant environmental challenges. The environmental pressure caused by social and economic activities, especially household and traffic pollution, constituted a major problem. This would be addressed through investments in and regulations on environmental protection geared up to staging the Olympic Games. To strictly control air pollutant emissions, the Beijing municipal government announced an “Air Quality Guarantee Plan for the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing”.

The improvement in air quality is strong evidence to prove the success of the “Green Olympics” initiative. Although the Beijing Olympic Games has concluded, a number of green environmental standards which were enacted for the Games will continue to be in effect. Through removing high-pollution and high-emission industries and constantly controlling air pollution and high-emission motor vehicles, Beijing has further consolidated the environmental achievements obtained during the Olympic Games.

ttp:/٠Y��E

# data[].attributes.headline
shu yee                            -One major environmental issue with hosting the Olympic Games is the sheer amount of construction projects that are needed. Despite plans to reuse or recycle 90% of construction waste, more than half the CO2 emissions associated with the games comes from the construction process.

-The 2012 London Olympics have had several awkward PR gaffes on the environmental front so far – including the revelation that metals in the medals came from the Rio Tinto mine, which has caused life-threatening air and water pollution with mining endeavors around the globe. It has also been accused of mistreating workers and driving pay below a living-wage.

-The problem is that no one knows exactly how much energy the games will actually use – conservative estimates have stated that the games will probably produce 3.4 million tons of CO2.

# data[].attributes.subject
shu yee                            -One major environmental issue with hosting the Olympic Games is the sheer amount of construction projects that are needed. Despite plans to reuse or recycle 90% of construction waste, more than half the CO2 emissions associated with the games comes from the construction process.

-The 2012 London Olympics have had several awkward PR gaffes on the environmental front so far – including the revelation that metals in the medals came from the Rio Tinto mine, which has caused life-threatening air and water pollution with mining endeavors around the globe. It has also been accused of mistreating workers and driving pay below a living-wage.

-The problem is that no one knows exactly how much energy the games will actually use – conservative estimates have stated that the games will probably produce 3.4 million tons of CO2.

# data[].attributes.body
RIO Olymics

It has been calculated that 28,500 athletes and staff will be carried by planes to Brazil and while the carbon offset scheme will go some way in tackling this huge amount of traffic, it has failed to acknowledge the hefty number of spectators that will be travelling via the same mode of transport.

• Equally, it is believed that through the duration of the games 3,600,000 tonnes of CO2 will be emitted into the natural environment, a figure that is somewhat difficult to comprehend.

It has also been estimated that 17,000 tonnes of waste will be produced, 6000 tonnes of food will be consumed, 23,500 litres of fuel will be needed and 29,500 gigawatts of electricity will be used throughout the duration of the games.

# data[].attributes.body
Air Quality

One hard fact is that the Beijing Olympic Games was faced with significant environmental challenges. The environmental pressure caused by social and economic activities, especially household and traffic pollution, constituted a major problem. This would be addressed through investments in and regulations on environmental protection geared up to staging the Olympic Games. To strictly control air pollutant emissions, the Beijing municipal government announced an “Air Quality Guarantee Plan for the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing”.

The improvement in air quality is strong evidence to prove the success of the “Green Olympics” initiative. Although the Beijing Olympic Games has concluded, a number of green environmental standards which were enacted for the Games will continue to be in effect. Through removing high-pollution and high-emission industries and constantly controlling air pollution and high-emission motor vehicles, Beijing has further consolidated the environmental achievements obtained during the Olympic Games.

# data[].attributes.body
2012 Summer Olympics – London, England

In the executive report on London 2012 Games, research showed 31 of their 39 sustainability-related objectives were achieved!

Some of the stats:

62% of waste actually reused, recycled or composted

100% of waste diverted from landfill

15.5 million sustainably sourced meals

86% of Olympic park visitors traveled by rail

29% increase in # of cyclists in Central London during the games as compared to the same period in 2011

# data[].attributes.body
Beijing 2008 Olympic Games have the impact in environmental which is the infrastructure development. The government opened the 120km Tianjin intercity railway running high speed trains and the government also extended and increase the capacity of subway network. Moreover, the airport was constructed because of the games. In 2008, the games was to hold a "Green Olympics" and the government tried to control the and improve the air quality. And the air quality in China especially in Beijing improved for a short period.

# data[].attributes.body
The Beijing Olympics of 2008 were the most polluted games ever with athletes and spectators exposed to dangerous level of smog, researchers have concluded.

China's Olympics had double the level of soot as Athens, triple the levels as Atlanta and 3.5 times higher than as Sydney.

The level of toxic smog of soot particles in the air was so high that at times the sun was blotted out.

Despite Chinese Government measures to reduce pollution around their capital city by shutting down factories, restricting car usage and slowing down construction, high levels of pollutants persisted.

However matters could have been worse had there not been evening showers and a change in the wind direction during the games.

Scientists found the weather played a greater part in reducing pollution than restrictions imposed by the Chinese Government

Researchers found for four fifths of the time athletes were exposed to levels of coarse particular matter higher than considered safe by the international health watchdog, the World Health Organization.

For the most dangerous types of soot particles – smaller than 2.5 microns which is more easily inhaled the lungs where they lodge and cause more serious respiratory health problems – these exceeded safe limits for the whole duration of the games.

WHO considered the exceeding of the limits were "excessive" while scientists found levels were a third higher than Chinese government experts claimed.

The findings were revealed as scientists from Oregon State University in the United States of American and their Chinese counterparts from Peking University published the conclusions of the research in the professional journal Environmental Science and Technology.

In the first comprehensive study of particulate air pollutants, scientists took samples before, during and after the games and compared readings from previous games.

American associate professor of environmental and molecular toxicology Staci Simonich said: "Considering the massive efforts by China to reduce air pollution in and around Beijing during the Olympics, this was the largest scale atmospheric pollution experiment ever conducted.

"Despite all that, it was some evening rains and favourable shifts in the winds that provided the most relief from the pollution.

"This demonstrates how difficult it is to solve environmental problems on a short-term, local basis."

Prof Simonich added that despite some favourable weather and the pollution control efforts the games were still the worse – and were about two to four times higher than that of Los Angeles on an average day.

And the difference between the study's findings and the official Chinese figures reflected a difference in measurement methodology – although the study's methods had been widely accepted by the international science community for many years.

But she stressed there was no scientific evidence athletes or spectators suffered health problems during the games.

However Beijing's 17 million population face a long-term struggle against the toxic atmosphere which is said to cause 1 million premature deaths annually across China.

The city is surrounded by mountains that trap air pollutants while rapid industrialisation has seen fumes from factories, cars and coal-fired power stations increase dramatically.

She said: "The athletes and visitors were only exposed for a very short time. Millions of other people there face this air quality problem their entire lives.

"It was unlike anything I've ever seen – you could look directly at the sun and not have a problem, due to the thickness of the haze."

# data[].attributes.body
Environmental sustainability. It is vital to ensure that current exploitation of ecosystem resources, including extraction of raw materials, consumption of energy, manufacture and use of chemicals and disposal of wastes, does not compromise the viability of future generations and their access to natural resources and ecosystem services. A truly sustainable project ensures that:

• Substances such as fossil fuels do not systematically increase in the ecosphere

• Synthetic substances do not systematically increase in the ecosphere

• The bases for productivity and diversity of life are not systematically depleted

• Resources are used fairly and efficiently in order to meet human need.

# data[].attributes.body
Every Beijing resident is keenly aware of the city’s environmental challenges. Air quality, particularly in the summer, can be less than optimal, with particulate matter at alarmingly high levels. Though Beijing has taken steps to improve air quality, such as ordering coal-burning power plants to reduce emissions, construction projects to halt during the period around the Olympic games, and 200 heavily polluting factories to move out of the city, air quality will remain a worry for the athletes who participate in the games. In the Olympic period, some athletes and tourist facing a bad health and hard to breath.

# data[].attributes.body
The Beijing Olympics of 2008 were the most polluted games ever with athletes and spectators exposed to dangerous level of smog, researchers have concluded.

China's Olympics had double the level of soot as Athens, triple the levels as Atlanta and 3.5 times higher than as Sydney.

The level of toxic smog of soot particles in the air was so high that at times the sun was blotted out.

Despite Chinese Government measures to reduce pollution around their capital city by shutting down factories, restricting car usage and slowing down construction, high levels of pollutants persisted.

However matters could have been worse had there not been evening showers and a change in the wind direction during the games.

Scientists found the weather played a greater part in reducing pollution than restrictions imposed by the Chinese Government

Researchers found for four fifths of the time athletes were exposed to levels of coarse particular matter higher than considered safe by the international health watchdog, the World Health Organization.

For the most dangerous types of soot particles – smaller than 2.5 microns which is more easily inhaled the lungs where they lodge and cause more serious respiratory health problems – these exceeded safe limits for the whole duration of the games.

# data[].attributes.body
Environmental sustainability.
It is vital to ensure that current exploitation of ecosystem resources, including extraction of raw materials, consumption of energy, manufacture and use of chemicals and disposal of wastes, does not compromise the viability of future generations and their access to natural resources and ecosystem services. A truly sustainable project ensures that:

• Substances such as fossil fuels do not systematically increase in the ecosphere

• Synthetic substances do not systematically increase in the ecosphere

• The bases for productivity and diversity of life are not systematically depleted

• Resources are used fairly and efficiently in order to meet human need.

# data[].attributes.body
Environmental sustainability.
It is vital to ensure that current exploitation of ecosystem resources, including extraction of raw materials, consumption of energy, manufacture and use of chemicals and disposal of wastes, does not compromise the viability of future generations and their access to natural resources and ecosystem services. A truly sustainable project ensures that:

• Substances such as fossil fuels do not systematically increase in the ecosphere

• Synthetic substances do not systematically increase in the ecosphere

• The bases for productivity and diversity of life are not systematically depleted

• Resources are used fairly and efficiently in order to meet human need.

# data[].attributes.body
London 2012 was also the first Olympic Games to measure its carbon footprint over the entire project term and was the first Games to commit to – and achieve – a ‘zero waste’ to landfill target through the strategic Zero Waste Games Vision. In total, Games organisers saved the equivalent of 400,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide thanks to their sustainable practices, while 100% of Games operations waste was diverted from landfill, with 62% of that waste being reused, recycled or composted.

# data[].attributes.body
Based on the London Olympics, they were praised for their efforts in regenerating derelict area and benefiting wildlife, and the commission said it was amazed by the success of public transport.
As sustainability was at the heart of London's bid for the Olympics and the commission said organizers had largely succeeded in achieving it.
As the venues were told to be made of at least a quarter recycled materials - that included using disused gas pipes in the Olympic Stadium.

# data[].attributes.body
According to the China Daily, all building sites and more factories in and around Beijing may be temporarily closed if the air quality deteriorates during the games.

Further traffic restrictions could also be imposed. Controls currently allow vehicles on the roads on alternate days according to their number plates. The measures have been extended to neighbouring Tianjin.

# data[].attributes.body
Beijing organized the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, and the main goal of the Chinese government regarding this event was to hold a "Green Olympics". A difference-in-differences approach was used to estimate the environmental impact the Olympic Games on air quality improvement in Beijing, compared to improvements in other areas in China. The results indicate that compared to other regions, air quality in Beijing improved for a short period of time. These improvements were largely due to the implementation of several temporary measures, including factory closures and traffic control. However, there is no evidence indicating that the Olympic Games reduced the concentration of sulfur dioxide in Beijing

# data[].attributes.body
Every Beijing resident is keenly aware of the city’s environmental challenges. Air quality, particularly in the summer, can be less than optimal, with particulate matter at alarmingly high levels. Though Beijing has taken steps to improve air quality, such as ordering coal-burning power plants to reduce emissions, construction projects to halt during the period around the Olympic games, and 200 heavily polluting factories to move out of the city, air quality will remain a worry for the athletes who participate in the games. Beijing have caused some Athletes or tourists have some bad health during Olympic period

# data[].attributes.body
When London won the bid to host the Olympic and Paralympic games in 2012, it was intended to prove a bench-mark in 'green' and sustainable mega-events with the promise that these Games would be the most environmentally friendly Games ever staged. In addition, they would act as a significant regeneration project in North East London. This was meant to happen through the development of sports facilities, the influx of money during the Games, and significant investment in the five Olympic boroughs: Hackney, Waltham Forest, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Greenwich. But allegations have surfaced that the installation of the Olympic infrastructure is impacting significantly on local wildlife and common green land.

# data[].attributes.body
The 27th Olympics in Sydney are the first games to make every aspect of the games environmentally minded. The eco-friendly Olympic village housing for athletes ends the myth that green technology is too expensive to use on a large-scale. Additionally, independent auditing by Greenpeace took place throughout the games. They came back with a fairly positive report and future games are judged according to the Sydney benchmark!

A few of the many environmental achievements:
- private parking banned at Olympic venues and spectators receive free travel on trains and Olympic buses
-The single largest roof-based solar energy system on the roof of the Olympic basketball venue, the Sydney SuperDome
-The combined solar panels on the roofs of 665 houses in the Athletes Village are the equivalent of a small power station
-Australian native trees and shrubs planted around venues to reduce water and mulching needs

# data[].attributes.body
Some of the Major Environmental Impacts by the Sochi Winter Olympics for 2014 :
1.  The hosts deciding to host the games inside the Sochi National Park, a region that contains the greatest species diversity within it.
2. Due to the fact that organizing such a large scale sporting event within the national park is illegal,  but in 2006 the law was amended, and the Government abolished compulsory environmental assessment.
3.  While in 2009, the state Duma approved changes to the Forest Code; allowing the logging of rare species of trees and shrubs, in order to speed the Olympic Constructions.
4.  The failing of surveying the construction sites caused the 'clusters' of winter facilities to be build above where the dolphins and pelicans resides.
5. The most environmentally damaging construction would be the joint highway-railway route from Adler district of Sochi by the Krasnaya Polyana in the mountains; the area known to be the spawning area for an endangered species of Atlantic Salmon now no longer spawn there due to pollution and the destruction of spawning sites by the river bed.

# data[].attributes.body
Its important to maintain that present exploitation of eco system resource which included the consumption of energy, the extraction of raw materials, chemical usage manufacturer resource and so on. Olympics Games Sydney 2000 is a sustainable project and can be ensures that substance and synthetic substance do not methodically grow in number. Other than this, they could also be ensuring that the resources are used relatively and efficiently so as to fulfill human

# data[].attributes.body
The failure of carbon offsets

The negative impact that Olympic games bring to the environment is sheer amount of construction project, which are required. Regardless of arrangements to reuse 90% of development waste, more than a large portion of the CO2 outflows connected with the games from the development procedure (Singh, 2012). To make the whole operation as emission-free, Olympic had done a lot of carbon offsetting, which mean exchange to create a large amount of CO2. The organizer resolves this problem by funding the environment project to counteract. However, this solution ‘ pay-to-pollute’ has drawn a lot of criticism to the Olympic games.

# data[].attributes.body
e 3major environmental issue with hosting the Olympic Games is the sheer amount of construction projects that are needed. Despite plans to reuse or recycle 90% of construction waste, more than half the CO2 emissions associated with the games comes from the construction process