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Dogs' Body Language Relevant to Learning Achievement by: Massahi Hasegawa, Nobuyo Ohtani, and Mitsuali Ohta, 7 November 2013

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Dogs' Body Language Relevant to Learning Achievement by: Massahi Hasegawa, Nobuyo Ohtani, and Mitsuali Ohta, 7 November 2013

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According to Hasegawa, "The reasoning behind this experiment was to clarify the dog's body language during operant conditioning to predict achievement in the test that followed by measuring the duration of behaviors." In this study there was 46 dogs used; 17 male and 26 females.  They did tests with hand cues and treats to involve the dogs eyes, ears, mouth, and tail. Connections were made with each of the dogs body parts listed above and it was proven that dogs body language was related to their success rate. How this ties in with all the research I've done on courtship and breeding of dogs is body language truly does help the success rate in many different ways. For example if you want to breed two dogs you need to be able to examine the body language given. You don't want any aggression shown towards you or the other animal. You also want that dog to be trained and be able to listen to you commands you give him/her when trying to get them to bred.

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Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior:

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Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior:

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According to Principles and Applications of Domestic Animals Behavior, "Female dogs build nests 1 to 2 days before giving birth. Nest sites are important for these species because of the difficulty in moving large numbers of litters, particularly when the young are born in a relatively helpless state and lack mobility."(pg 143)
This information goes to show you how the  mother wants to comfort and stay with the puppies after they are born, even after their gestation period which can range from 58-68 days.

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Genetics of Dog BreedingBy: Jill U. Adams, Ph.D. (Freelance Science Writer, Albany, NY.) © 2008 Nature Education Citation: Adams, J. (2008) Genetics of Dog Breeding. Nature Education 1(1):144

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Genetics of Dog BreedingBy: Jill U. Adams, Ph.D. (Freelance Science Writer, Albany, NY.) © 2008 Nature Education Citation: Adams, J. (2008) Genetics of Dog Breeding. Nature Education 1(1):144

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This study was done by a Russian geneticist Dmitry Belyaev who engrossed on tamability as a managerial characteristic. His study was done on untamed silver foxes, which are related to dogs just not domesticated. The intital foxes in Belyaev’s experiemnt were not trained in any way and started to test their tameness at an early age. At one month he tried to feed and pet the foxes. The results he got varied from aggression/ biting all the way to the fox wanting to interact with the human. He then took the tamest foxes and bred them to create a whole new litter. Dimitry Belyaev had successfully created a new population. These new foxes had a different temperament and behavior, along with developing floppy ears and curved tails. Which are similar characteristics a dog.  How this study connects to dog breeding is that we as humans play a big role in the outcome of the dogs that are bred. Yes, the dogs need to choose their mate but we as humans are responsible for the genes that are put into creating each new litter of puppies.

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Other factors that play a role in litter size are:                         · Breed= determines the size or helps estimate                           · First time mothers= more likely to have a smaller litter in the  beginning · Experienced mothers= tend to have more puppies in their litters              · Nutrition= if feed more and kept healthy better outcome with size              · Inbreeding= will mess with the litter size

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Other factors that play a role in litter size are:                         · Breed= determines the size or helps estimate                           · First time mothers= more likely to have a smaller litter in the  beginning · Experienced mothers= tend to have more puppies in their litters              · Nutrition= if feed more and kept healthy better outcome with size              · Inbreeding= will mess with the litter size

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Older and
younger dogs have a higher chance of producing smaller litters. Dogs between
the age if 3 and 4 generally produce the largest litters. An average litter size is around 6 puppies, but like I said the size can vary every time.

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Older and
younger dogs have a higher chance of producing smaller litters. Dogs between
the age if 3 and 4 generally produce the largest litters. An average litter size is around 6 puppies, but like I said the size can vary every time.

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According to The Nest: Dog Health, smaller dogs tend to have smaller litters because their bodies don't have as much space as a larger dog. On the other hand, larger dogs also tend to have a larger litter but size alone doesn't not guarantee a larger litter.

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According to The Nest: Dog Health, smaller dogs tend to have smaller litters because their bodies don't have as much space as a larger dog. On the other hand, larger dogs also tend to have a larger litter but size alone doesn't not guarantee a larger litter.

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When a female
dog or better known as a “bitch” is in heat there are a few signs that can
point towards her beginning this process which are=
             
·being nervous           
·easily spooked              

·easily distracted     

·urinating more than usual
                              
* Her personality may be altered due to the change in her hormones.

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When a female
dog or better known as a “bitch” is in heat there are a few signs that can
point towards her beginning this process which are=
             
·being nervous           
·easily spooked              

·easily distracted     

·urinating more than usual
                              
* Her personality may be altered due to the change in her hormones.

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During breeding a tie occurs. A tie is when the bulbus
glanis of the male’s penis swells with blood and gets locked inside of a female’s
vagina. After they are tied the male will lift his leg over the females
back. The two animals with eventually end up with their hind ends touching. The
sire and bitch can be locked together from 2-30 minutes. 

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During breeding a tie occurs. A tie is when the bulbus
glanis of the male’s penis swells with blood and gets locked inside of a female’s
vagina. After they are tied the male will lift his leg over the females
back. The two animals with eventually end up with their hind ends touching. The
sire and bitch can be locked together from 2-30 minutes. 

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Dogs stuck together in during tie position as they mate on a street in India. A tie is a natural phenomenon of dog breeding in which the bulbus glandis of the male's penis swell inside the bitch's vagina. The dogs are virtually locked together for 15-20 minutes (two to 30 minutes is also normal), during which time ejaculation has taken place.

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Female dogs have the scientific name "bitch" from when they are a puppy to when they are a grown dog. The only time they are referred to a different name is when the female dog is pregnant with a litter, she is then called a "dam".

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Female dogs have the scientific name "bitch" from when they are a puppy to when they are a grown dog. The only time they are referred to a different name is when the female dog is pregnant with a litter, she is then called a "dam".

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A new fact I learned throughout this process is that a male uncastrated dog that ready to breed is called a sire or stud dog. Then, castrated male dogs are known as neutered dogs. I saw this on many different sites and thought it was interesting how dogs also have different names due to being castrated or uncastrated such as a bull vs. a steer.

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A new fact I learned throughout this process is that a male uncastrated dog that ready to breed is called a sire or stud dog. Then, castrated male dogs are known as neutered dogs. I saw this on many different sites and thought it was interesting how dogs also have different names due to being castrated or uncastrated such as a bull vs. a steer.

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According to Breeding Dogs Info center, Male dogs are ready to breed from the age of 18 months to 4/5 years old. A fun fact to know about male dogs is when they hit the age around 10 years old, the semen they produce will be incapable of impregnating the female. 

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According to Breeding Dogs Info center, Male dogs are ready to breed from the age of 18 months to 4/5 years old. A fun fact to know about male dogs is when they hit the age around 10 years old, the semen they produce will be incapable of impregnating the female. 

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According to WebMD, female unsprayed dogs tend to experience heat for the first time when they are between the age of 6 and 24 months old. Every breed follows a different schedule but most experience heat twice a year, around every six months.

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According to WebMD, female unsprayed dogs tend to experience heat for the first time when they are between the age of 6 and 24 months old. Every breed follows a different schedule but most experience heat twice a year, around every six months.