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Aboriginal societies established over the full breadth of Australia based on equity and consensus with defined rights and responsibilities.

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British occupation of Australia began

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Two years after the British flag is raised in Van Dieman's Land (Tasmania) settlers are authorised to shoot Indigenous Australians.

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Governor Macquarie's proclamation gives some Indigenous Australians, with 'passes', the 'protection' of white law'. This same proclamation declares Martial Law against other Indigenous Australians who could then be shot on sight if armed with spears, or even unarmed, if they were within a certain distance of houses or settlements

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In Tasmania, settlers are authorised to shoot Indigenous Australians. Martial law is declared in Bathurst NSW after Indigenous Australians becomes a serious threat to white settlement.

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The Board for the Protection of Aborigines is established. The Governor can order the removal of any child to a reformatory or industrial school. The Protection Board can remove children from families be housed in dormitories. From 1886 the Victorian Board had been empowered to apprentice Indigenous Australians' children when they reach thirteen. Children require permission to visit their families on the stations.

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As early as 1890 the Aborigines Protection Board is developing a combined policy of 'segregation' and 'assimilation'. In a denial of human rights the Aborigines Protection Board can now forcibly take the children off the reserves and 'resocialise' them 'for their own good'.

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Indigenous Australians are denied the rights of the 1901 Commonwealth Constitution. These rights are not granted until the Constitution Alteration (Aboriginals) Act [1967 Referendum]. The 1901 Commonwealth Constitution mentions Indigenous people twice: once to exclude Indigenous people from the census, and once to exclude Indigenous people from the lawmaking powers of the Commonwealth parliament.

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The Aborigines Protection Act 1909 (NSW) grants the Aborigines Protection Board full control and custody of Indigenous children including the power to apprentice Indigenous children aged between 14 and 18 years. [The first 'Aborigines Protective' legislation was in Victoria in 1869, Aborigines Protection Acts (Vic.) (1869, 1886), which became a model for others.

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In 1915 the Aborigines Protection Board is empowered to remove and apprentice Indigenous children without a court hearing. From 1915 to 1939 the NSW Aborigines Protection Board, under the Aborigines Protection Act (1915, 1918, 1936) (NSW) is entitled to forcibly remove Indigenous children from their families without parental or court consent . This 1915 amendment to the Act 'also abolished the minimum age at which Indigenous children could be apprenticed'. Indigenous Australians' movement between reserves is strictly controlled and families are threatened with the removal of their children if they did not comply with the Board's orders.

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Coniston massacre - settlers and police admit to shooting 31 Indigenous Australians after a white dingo trapper is killed.

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The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1962 (Cwlth) entitles all Indigenous Australians to enrol and vote in Commonwealth elections.

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The Racial Discrimination Act (Cwlth) which incorporates the 1965 International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination into Australian domestic law is passed . The Act states that: 'it is unlawful for a person to do any act involving a distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin which has the effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of any human right or fundamental freedom in their political, economic, social or cultural or any other field of public life'.

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The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1984 (Cwlth) gives full entitlement to all Indigenous Australians to vote in all state and territory elections.

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Anti-Discrimination (Racial vilification) Amendment Act (NSW) is passed.

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The High Court of Australia rules in the Mabo case that native title exists over particular kinds of land - unalienated Crown land, national parks and reserves - and overturns the doctrine of terra nullius recognising that Indigenous peoples are the original occupants of this land and possessed a complex system of land tenure that has always existed in this country. This case of Mabo and Others v the State of Queensland is not legislation but High Court interpreting what the law is.