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1. Explain the difference in the terminology between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

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2. Describe gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia, and their incidence, symptoms, and treatment

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3. Discuss the cause, prevention, and treatment of hepatitis B, C, and D

4.     Describe the cause, prevention, and treatment of genital herpes and human papillomavirus infections

5.     Describe fungal STIs, their causative agents, and possible treatment

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6. Describe the complications that can occur with STIs and STDs

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7. Discuss the most common STIs in the United States

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Case Study 1: A 20-year-old male reports to a university health clinic complaining of painful urination and swelling of the testicles. These symptoms began to appear about a week after he had unprotected sexual intercourse at a party. Further examination reveals a frothy yellow discharge from the penis, which under microscopic examination revealed the presence of gram-negative diplococci.

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Case Study 2: A 24-year-old female arrives at a community clinic complaining of a slight burning sensation when urinating and a frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor. She is sexually active, often without protection. A pelvic examination reveals small red ulcerations on the walls of the vagina and on the cervix. Microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge shows the presence of motile, eukaryotic protozoans.

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Sexually transmitted infections, don't show the sx, , its the presence of the organism.
STD:  is when the sx are are presents and damage to organs  can occur

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A sexually transmitted infection is an infection transmitted by sexual intercourse. A sexually transmitted disease is the appearance of symptoms and damaging effects as a result of an infection.

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STD refers to sexually transmitted disease which occurs once there is cellular damage. STI refers to sexually transmitted infections. An infection occurs when bacteria, viruses and pathogens enter the body and multiple. Infections don't always cause damage and disease.

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Erica Stewart-Sexually transmitted infection is when an microorganism is present in the body. with or without symptoms.  STD is is when signs and symptoms are presented which can be harmful to the individual.

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Erica Stewart-Sexually transmitted infection is when an microorganism is present in the body. with or without symptoms.  STD is is when signs and symptoms are presented which can be harmful to the individual.

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The difference between an STI and an STD is just the difference between a disease and an infection. Not all diseases begin with infections, but many do. Sexually transmitted disease first begin as sexually transmitted infections.

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The difference has to do with the way they are transmitted. Sexual activity can lead to STI's that eventually lead to STD's.

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STI is and infection and have attached symptoms for an infection. with STD this is a disease and it may not have the s/sx of anything being wrong

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Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Symptoms include fever, endocarditis, skin lesions that can move to the joints causing arthritis. Gonorrhea infects the genitals as well as the pharynx and rectum. It is the most reported STI in the US. Treatment is with antibiotics such as cipro, cefixime, ofloxacin, azithromycin, doxycycline and levofloxacin.
Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum and takes place in stages; primary, secondary, latent and tertiary stages. Symptoms include small, red skin sores, red brown rash on palms of hand and soles of feet, fever, swollen lumph nodes, sore throat, muscle and joint pain, loss of patches of hair, malaise, rash on skin and mucous membranes  of mouth, throat and cervix and gummas. Treatment includes IM dose of penicillin in the primary and secondary stages and daily antibiotics in the more advanced stages.
Chlamydia is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Female carriers are often asymptomatic. In males infection can lead to epididymitis possibly resulting in sterility. Females may get vulvovaginitis or cervicitis. Treatment is with antibiotics.

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Gonorrhea: the most common in the USA, can be transmitted through anal, vaginal, oral sexual activity.

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Chlamydia is one of the most commonly reported STI. Many people infected with chlamydia do not have any symptoms. S&S include abnormal discharge, burning sensation with urination and in some cases conjunctivitis. Rx: antibiotics Doxycycline

Gonorrhea can cause infection of the mouth, genitals and rectum.. S&S burning sensation while urinating, yellow, white or green discharge. Men tend to show more s&s some women do not show any. Treatment include antibiotics: ceftriaxone.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection . There are three stages in the development of the infection. Primary stage a sore appears in the first 90 days of exposure. Secondary Stage Body rash. Latent or hidden stage no visible sores or rash. Tertiary or late stage is the most destructive phase if left untreated during this stage complications that may affect internal organs may occur. Rx. Penicillin

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Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria N.gonorrhoeae and most reported in the U.S. Fever, endocarditis, skin lesions, arthritis. Treated with antibiotics.

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STI is an infection transmitted with sexual intercourse. STD is the appearance of symptoms and damaging effects as a result of an infection

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Gonorrhea - most reported STI in US. The infection is caused by bacterium neisseria gonorrhoeae. which is a gram negative diplococcus.

Chlamydia- gram negative coccus and an intracellular obligate parasite. s/s would include in males; discharge from tip of penis, burning while urinating and itchiness at the tip of penis. Female; abnormal discharge, painful intercourse, burning sensation while urinating.

Syphillis is caused by treponema pallidum

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Health complications that arise include PID, infertility; tubal or ectopic pregnancy; cervical cancer; and or perinatal or congenital infections

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Causes of hepatitis B,C,D Transmitted through blood, from an infected person, can be transmitted through sexual activity, mother during childbirth or breast feeding, needle sharing.

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Causes of hepatitis B,C,D Transmitted through blood, from an infected person, can be transmitted through sexual activity, mother during childbirth or breast feeding, needle sharing.

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prevention: by vaccination, screening and testing of blood donors,

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Syphilis has been around for many years and documented in history writings. Caused by T. pallidum. It takes place in 3 stages primary -initial infection 10-90 days after initial infection, secondary -2-10 weeks after primary stage, tertiary -many years from the onset of the latent phase

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The 24-year old female at the community clinic has symptoms of a possible Trichomonas vaginitis

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The primary difference between infections of the reproductive system and STI's is the method of transmission. One is an infection and the other is a disease.

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Chlamydia is caused by C. trachomatis. This is the most prevalent STI in the U.S. Treatment is with antibiotics

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Hep B, C and D are transmitted during sexual activity and are considered an STI. Hep B is transmitted when blood of an infected person enters another body. Hep C is transmitted by blood-to-blood contact and Hep D is a defective virus that needs Hep B to exist.  Testing includes liver enzymes and liver biopsy. Treatment includes interferon-a or a liver transplant.

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Gonorrhea is the most reported STI and is caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Effects up to 40% male and 60-80% females. Signs are fever, endocarditis, and skin lesions.

Syphillis is known as the great imitator and is caused by Treponema pallidum. it takes place is 3 stages and systems are red-brown rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and muscle and joint pain.

Chlamydia is caused by chlamydia trachomatis,

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Hep. B: blood infection transmitted through sexual activities with an infected person, sharing needles, given to baby through mom's breast milk. Can be prevented with vaccines.
Hep. C: mostly transmitted via blood to blood contact but can be sexually transmitted. There is no vaccine.
Hep D: a defective virus that need HBV to exist.

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Gonorrhea is the most common STI in the US. Syphilis has been around for years and chlamydia is responsible for different infections of the reproductive system.

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The most common sexually transmitted infections in the United States are HPV, chlamydia and gonorrhea.

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Paula.  This person presents with signs and symptoms of gonorrhea, which he probably was exposed at the party after having unprotected sex with an infected person.

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Paula.  This person presents with signs and symptoms of gonorrhea, which he probably was exposed at the party after having unprotected sex with an infected person.

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Hep B, C and D are all caused by bodily fluids. Prevention for these include proper use of protective equipment, engaging in safe sex practicing and not sharing needles.

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Genital herpes: very contagious and common in the U.S. caused by the HSV.

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Complications of STI's and STD's include infections of the reproductive system, sterility in men, HIV infection, miscarriage,

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Hep B,C & D - transmitted