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201019                            There are a lot of consequences that can happen to maternal and child health during conflict especially when the country is reaching armed conflict or civil war. There will be less food availability because many land has been destroyed which is one of the major source of food. Also the economy will collapse because most of the money are used to buy weapon supply and will not emphasize on the community. These problem can lead to poverty which also can lead to malnutrition among children and mothers. There will also increase in exposure to disease and the mortality of woman and child will increase. During conflict, there is also higher chance for the infrastructure to be destroyed. This will bring more harm to the community if the health building like hospital and clinics cannot be operated due to the situation. There will also be innocent people that being killed and it also has a chance for qualified personnel to be killed during conflict which may lead to less or poor quality of health service. This lead to no curative or preventive health service available and ultimately may lead to death and disability of women and children. As a nutritionist, I think it’s best for us to help them by transporting them to a safer place or corporate with another medical team to build a temporary health location to assess them and monitor their progress especially the pregnant mothers so that they can be safe. Also one of the video I watch, the mothers mention that the one thing that they need the most right now is spiritual support, so it is one of our responsible to give them spiritual support as well as giving some health educational to make the probability of the baby to born safely increase.   

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201019                            There are a lot of consequences that can happen to maternal and child health during conflict especially when the country is reaching armed conflict or civil war. There will be less food availability because many land has been destroyed which is one of the major source of food. Also the economy will collapse because most of the money are used to buy weapon supply and will not emphasize on the community. These problem can lead to poverty which also can lead to malnutrition among children and mothers. There will also increase in exposure to disease and the mortality of woman and child will increase. During conflict, there is also higher chance for the infrastructure to be destroyed. This will bring more harm to the community if the health building like hospital and clinics cannot be operated due to the situation. There will also be innocent people that being killed and it also has a chance for qualified personnel to be killed during conflict which may lead to less or poor quality of health service. This lead to no curative or preventive health service available and ultimately may lead to death and disability of women and children. As a nutritionist, I think it’s best for us to help them by transporting them to a safer place or corporate with another medical team to build a temporary health location to assess them and monitor their progress especially the pregnant mothers so that they can be safe. Also one of the video I watch, the mothers mention that the one thing that they need the most right now is spiritual support, so it is one of our responsible to give them spiritual support as well as giving some health educational to make the probability of the baby to born safely increase.   

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Some of the consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health can be seen through the indirect violence that affect the women and children. These conflicts can cause an impaired food availability due to the combatants that loots the civilian food store and make it their own. The inaccessibility of food aid can also contribute to the reduced of food availability. Subsequently, these can impair the health and nutritional status of the women and children as it reduced the ability for them to buy sufficient food to sustain health and life. Consequently, malnutrition issues among maternal and especially children can occur and rise. Other than that, conflicts can also affect the economy of the countries and consequently, poverty occurs among the civillian. This can influence the health of the civillians especially women and children as they cannot afford the medical care cost while be living in a disease-prone environment. Besides, it can also effects the mental health of both women and children because of the trauma that they have recieved from the conflicts.

As a nutritionist, we can work together with the NGOs as well as cooperate with the local parties to provide the camps that include the basic needs for the them such as water, food and health care facilities. From this, at least it can help the affected civillians to reduce the risk of malnourished and getting diseases. Apart from that, we can be the comforter for those who are mentally affected especially for those children and women who consistenly being sexual subjects to the enemies. Besides, we can also provide the food assistance programme where we can distribute the food rations to those who are affected.

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Maternal and child victims of conflict suffer from loss of antenatal service, from the breakdown of obstetric services and from being orphans in disrupted societies where the support of extended families, in peacetime, can otherwise cope. Malnutrition and violence, will also happen to this people. Infants and children are particularly vulnerable at such times. The breakdown of social systems, in times of conflicts, also leads to increasing numbers of infants who are the victims of the transmission of perinatal HIV infection. As a nutritionist, We can develop prevention programs that are suitable for the people in conflict areas. Improve better health assessments to know their specific concerns and conditions nutritionally. We can also work together with dietitian to provide nutrition intervention to them. Mobile clinics and community-based care can be increased to help mother and their children. Establishment of feeding centers like therapeutic feeding centers and supplementary feeding centers for malnutrition in children.

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There are numerous consequences of conflict towards the women and children. The women and children might need to face the pain of separation, loss of family members, increased risk of sexual and gender-based violence and the worst consequence is death. Due to the direct violence like killing or injuring of people and indirect violence such as impaired food availability, economic collapse, loss of health services, sexual and gender-based violence, people feel insecurity and they stop going out from home. For instance, the farmers stop going to the paddy field to tend the crops, traders stop bringing necessary inputs such as seeds and tools. As a result, the food availability in that particular area is greatly affected. Besides, the economic collapse causes the families to lose ability to buy food and eating starts to become a burden for them. This may lead to malnutrition, exposure of people to diseases and death to happen. As a nutritionist that work in these emergency settings, we must have strong adaptability skills. The things that we can do in these emergency settings are general food distributions, blanket supplementary feeding programs for vulnerable groups, targeted supplementary feeding programs, micronutrient distribution, agricultural support, and infant and young child feeding programs. All of these interventions are aimed to ensure the people get adequate intake of nutrients even in the midst of conflict.

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Consequences of Conflict to Maternal and Child Health

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There are many consequences of armed conflict on maternal and child health. First, armed conflict on maternal and child health can impaired food availability. In areas affected by armed conflict, food and nutrition insecurity is becoming severe. This is because the farmers are unable to go to the field to tend to their crops due of insecurity. Large numbers of people have been forced to leave their homes and become refugees. Besides, for their own survival, combatants loot civilian crops and food stores. Therefore, women and children, as vulnerable groups, will not get enough food, which will eventually damage the health of mothers and children. Additionally, armed conflict can cause economic collapse, which will cause families become poverty and lose ability to buy food, living in a dangerous and disease-prone environment, and they also cannot afford medical expenses. This will result in malnutrition and growth deficiencies in children. The crucial factors in preventing malnutrition and growth deficiencies in children are adequate nutrition, sanitation and personal hygiene during conflicts and emergencies. Besides, the armed conflict also cause sexual and gender based violence. This involves both male and female victims, but it is most common in women. These women have been raped, sexually abused, forced pregnancy and domestic violence.

As the role of nutritionist, nutrition intervention should be given to this target group. Nutritionists should cooperate with the government and relief agencies to carry out such nutritional interventions. General food distributions, blanket supplementary feeding programmes for vulnerable groups, micronutrient distribution, and infant and young child feeding programmes were among the interventions used to treat micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. In addition, as a nutritionist should provide mothers with education on breastfeeding and timely introduction of healthy and nutritious complementary food. This is crucial for supporting the health of children aged 0-24 months. As a nutritionist, we should educate the women who have been sexual violence about the sexual education. Besides, women who have experienced sexual violence are likely to have psychological problems. Hence, the mental health of these women should also take into consideration.

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There are many things that can affect maternal and child health in conflict areas. These factors can affect them directly and also indirectly. Direct violence includes killing and injuring victims, acts of sexual harassment, and many more. Indirectly it includes impaired food availability, economic collapse, displacement, loss of health services and more. All of these can lead to poverty and further to malnutrition in the population. Malnutrition, overall population’s health status, is directly connected to our part as a nutritionist. What can we do as nutritionist and community health workers in this given situation?

We can develop prevention programs that are suitable for the people in conflict areas. Improve better health assessments to know their specific concerns and conditions nutritionally. Wasting and stunting may be very common in this situation, so nutritionist may develop a suitable education and program for them in terms of diet that can help to prevent further decrease in overall health status. For example create an idea of meals that they can still afford to have and still has the nutritional values that can complement their needs especially for mothers and children.

These areas may also lack in hygienic knowledge. If ignored, it may further lead to increase in communicable diseases in the population. Try to teach them simple education about hygiene that they can still receive in that conflict condition. Many infectious diseases can occur in areas that are suffering from poverty, which is an indirect effect of conflict areas.

Work together with other health professionals and providers to help supplementing victims of conflicts, especially to mothers and children who are the majority of affected groups. Nutritionist can work in many ways and not limited to assessing their health. We can provide help and support in any ways that we can to help them overcome their problems.

Nutritionist and other health workers may not be able to help them directly in conflict conditions, but indirectly we can provide them education that they need to know. We are also aid workers, aiding victims like mother and children in their needs of support.

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Armed conflicts can affect maternal and child health by resulting in direct violence and indirect violence. The example of direct violence is the combatants targeting women and children and killing them or injuring them intentionally. This is because women and children are the weak populations with unique vulnerabilities and higher risk to be affected during periods of conflict. Many women and children are also easily displaced by armed conflict.  Many of them are forced to leave their homes and become refugees or are internally displaced.

It can be said that women and children bear substantial morbidity and mortality as a result of armed conflicts. Besides, indirect violence causes impaired food availability, economic collapse and loss of health services. All of these consequences can lead to the problem of malnutrition, exposure to diseases and eventually death among women and children indirectly. Insecurity stops the farmers from going to the field to tend the crops.  Food aids are no longer easily accessible by everyone. Governments spend less to build their economies, diverting resources to military purposes. Health services also decline in conflict areas. Families lose the ability to buy food, live in precarious and disease-prone environments, and cannot afford medical care. It can thus impaired maternal and child health status.

Generally, intervention that can be done by nutritionists is providing nutrition therapy to them. Apparently, wasting, stunting, and underweight are the common existing problems faced by childrens involved in armed conflicts. Hence, assessment can be done to identify nutrition deficiency and underlying diseases. Children with malnutrition were sent home with vitamins and medications for associated infectious diseases.  Nutrition therapy that includes enriched milk and locally prepared porridge and biscuits can be provided to them. Children also received play therapy for emotional needs. This is because emotional feelings can be considered as a bigger issue especially in the conditions with armed conflicts. Besides, mothers also need to receive daily lessons on hygiene, safe water, and infectious disease prevention with the use of graphic tools. As mothers gain the knowledge of basic nutrition, they can change their habits and thus the risk of her and her children getting malnutrition or nutrition deficiency  can be reduced.

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NORSYASYA DIYANA BINTI MOHD NORDIN - 201189

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NORSYASYA DIYANA BINTI MOHD NORDIN - 201189

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201189_Consequences of Conflicts & Roles of Nutritionist

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In conflicts setting. children may lose limbs, their sight, or cognitive capacity. Other than that, children die or become fatally ill from the indirect physical effects of war. War destroys hospitals and health centers, and medical personnel are killed or forced to flee

The most common conditions and consequences that conflicts cause are:

·       Depression, anxiety and psychosomatic disorders.

·       Mortality in women and children during conflicts.

·       violence: infectious disease, malnutrition and complications of pregnancy

·       impaired food availability

·       Sexual gender violence and cause reproductive problems.

·        Economic collapse

In my opinion, nutritionists can increase the awareness of those people about family planning and how they can avoid HIV and all the infectious diseases which are very dangerous especially because of the lack of basics needs of life

·        Apart from that, provide social support for the mother

Establish and enforce laws to protect women and children from sexual violence

Need to build up health care service centres or camps as it is crucial for disease prevention and to check up health especially the vulnerable group (women, pregnant women, children, elderly, people with weak immune system

volunteer to do health program to increase or raise awareness among the victims especially about sexual violence and gender-based violence)

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how you can relate it with your role as a nutritionist(203656)

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how you can relate it with your role as a nutritionist(203656)

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Consequences:
- Conflict will impaired food availability. War will stop farmers from going to the farm and harvest plants. This can lead to malnutrition because of a lack of food resources that are high in essential nutrients like rice and wheat.
- Inadequate household food security. Household food security during armed conflict was affected by loss of agricultural production due to physical insecurity, lack of agricultural inputs and extension services, destruction of infrastructure and markets, and loss of off-farm incomes. This will lead to malnutrition and affect child growth.
- Conflict will cause displacement. Children and parents will be separated because of war. experiences that may leave enduring impacts in posttraumatic stress disorder. Severe losses and disruptions in their lives lead to high rates of depression and anxiety in war-affected children.                           - Impact on health services and the health environment. There was obstruction of delivery of health services, particularly preventive immunization and child care. These problems were usually imposed on the family whose food supply was already threatened, causing malnutrition and reducing resistance to disease.

Role as nutritionist:
- Provide nutrient intervention. Interventions used to treat micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition included general food distributions and blanket supplementary feeding programs.
- Educate and create awareness about sexual education. Women should raise this issue because in conflict country, sexual violence against women happened. Women should have a safe life and not be abuse. We can educate them about HIV/AIDS and seek treatment to avoid any complications.              - Provide complete nutritious food especially to the children and pregnant women because they need food that is high in nutrients. Children need adequate nutrients to avoid malnutrition and have a healthy life.

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health
- Destroyed/ non-functioning existing health services and structures, low qualified health workers
- Sexual violence/ gender based violence, STIs including HIV/AIDS, psychosocial injury, social stigma
-Pressure on women to replenish the population, absence/lack of access to family planning services, increase in number of unwanted pregnancies, and number of unsafe abortions.
- Insecurity/inadequate food supplies, reduced access to food, inadequate dietary intake, lead to disease, malnutrition and death

Role as a nutritionist
-Trained the community health worker. e.g. family planning to mothers
-Prepare for post conflict settings, rebuild health systems to improve health of maternal and child in future
-Primary health care provision in camps, undergo nutrition assessment to the children
-Supplementary feeding to malnutrition children and pregnant mothers to ensure adequate nutrition
-Educate them on sexual education and help them to seek for HIV/AIDS treatment
-Give counselling and therapy to the refugees and victims of trauma to make them learn how to regulate emotions and feel safer

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There a lot of consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health, but in my opinion lacking of food and medical supply will gives a huge impact to the population. Firstly, it is the lack of food supplies and food is one the most important component for survivability, but usually the food supplies will reduce during war and both the mother and child will not get enough food and can lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition can lead to several health issues. As for a baby, they cannot eat solid food, so they need to rely on infant formula as the mother itself cannot give the breastmilk as they themselves did not get enough food.

Secondly, lacking of medical supplies. A lot of people will be injured once war has happened. A child still have a long way to go and they are the future of a country, but if they injured and no treatment received, then it may lead to death which will directly impact the number of population.

As we know, for a person to go into a place where the war has happened. It is not easy, so if we cannot help directly, we still can help them indirectly by collecting some funds to supply their food, medical supply or other important things like diapers for the baby and clothes.

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NURIN IRDIENA IFQAN BINTI MUHD SAFARI (200930)

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NURIN IRDIENA IFQAN BINTI MUHD SAFARI (200930)

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consequences:
1.Malnutrition
-This is because due to explosion of fuel and chemical bomb that would lead to chronic exposure to children.Hence it affect the system of their body such as immunity and a lot of consequences would occour.
2.Food insecurity
They would not get enough food due to lack or insufficient source of food such as from agricultural source.
3.People mental health would affected
They would probably facing trauma due to war and depression to the lost of their family.
Role of nutritionist:
-Have a fund that would spending on health improvement for that country that focus on health by working as a team with other healthcare profession
-Vitamin A supplementation for children 6–59 months of age to reduces mortality, improves immune function, reduces severity of illness, reduces risk of visual impairment, and allows faster recovery
-Management of moderate acute malnutrition.  Reduces mortality in children under 5. Screening/measurement, identification, and treatment of malnutrition, e.g., supplementary feeding
-For maternal health,exposed balanced energy protein supplements as needed

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Consequences

1)    Impaired food availability

-          The combatant was bad enough to loot civilian fields and food stores for their survival during the conflicts.

-          During the conflicts, there is inadequate food in the market because traders flee, markets close during the conflicts.

-          The child may face malnutrition due to poor nutrient intake. If this condition happens over a long period, child stunted and wasted may happen during conflicts.

2)    Economic collapse

-          lose the ability to buy food

-          this causes malnutrition to happen.

-          Some of them cannot afford medical care

-          this decreases their quality of life.

-          their health status may impair during conflict period.

3)    Destruction of infrastructure

-          Loss of health care service

4)    Displacement

-          the child and mother to separate in the conflicts.

-          The children do not under care by their mother

-          they may face physical exhaustion and malnutrition injury after a long period of conflicts.

5)    Sexual abuse and sexual violence

-          Rapes (method of war / punishment)

-          Cause trauma, injury

-          A woman will become the community’s shame, and be pointed as dirty / stained

6)    Increase in the sexual transmission disease such as HIV.

-          Impaired their health status

Role of Nutritionist

1)    organise a food assistance programme

-          distribute the foods to them

-          prepare nutrient-dense food

-          reduce anaemia and correct linear growth in stunted children

-          significant reduction in the risk of stunting, wasting and underweight can be observed

-          distribute the packages typically containing nutrient rich food products containing powdered milk, biscuits, baby food, dried mashed potato and others.

-          Food was provided in the form of weekly rations and packages.

2)    organise micronutrient powder distribution programs

-          reduce the risk of stunting

-          A combination of multiple vitamins and minerals designed to be mixed in the children’s home-based foods just before consumption.

-          The micronutrients powdered were associated with significant decreases in the prevalence of stunting among refugee children.

3)    Educate them / give them knowledge

-          Teach them how to avoid malnutrition

-          Teach them how to protect transmission of disease.

-          How to protect them and how to maintain hygiene

-          How to take enough nutrients / balanced diet

4)    Give them mental support

-          Moral value

-          Let them no feel they are alone

5)    The use of contraceptive method

-          Condom

-          Protect against sexual transmission disease

6)    Enforcement of the law

-          Protect them from sexual abuse

7)    Be part of the volunteer

-          Distribute the food

-          Teach them the proper meal plan

-          Support them

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In my opinion, one of the consequences of armed conflicts is sexual violence. This is due to the armed forces employ sexual violence as a weapon to pursue their objectives in war, or the commanders allow their soldiers to rape women and girls as a form of reward, or the forced prostitution among women and girls. This will definitely lead to the increased prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and the victims are reluctant to report rape. Instead, they will destruct themselves by stop eating and drinking and cause malnutrition or they will even commit suicide because they feel that they are dirty and having baby of the rapper is dishonored.
In this condition, as a nutritionist, I will become a volunteer to take care of the pregnancy women and girls. I will encourage them to keep on living and deliver the babies because the babies are innocent. After that, I will develop diet plans by using the limited resources for the pregnancy mothers and counsel them on special diet modifications such as taking adequate amount of folic acids every day for maternal and babies’ health. Finally, the maternal and child mortality rate would be reduced.

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Consequences of conflict on maternal and child death
1) food insecurity : they cant get the adequate access of foods and water. So , as a nutritionist , we need to work with the government by providing food center to make it easier for them to get the food supply.
2) STI disease : During conflicts , many of the women and girls were rape , prostitution by both women and the female children. As a nutritionist , the least we can do is to give them social support so that at least they can feel like they were seen and there are people who were care about them.
3) malnutrition : Due to lack of access to proper nutrition , population in conflict usually are open to malnutrition problems. So , as a nutritionist , we can give them knowledges and advice on how to take a better nutrition consumption and we can only provide them with foods that rich in macro and micronutrients. Other than that , we can also make a dietary plan for them in the broad range including for elderly , adults and also children.
4) economic collapse : conflicts will causes a lot of damage to the country and also economy and this will eventually effect the supply of materials for hygiene resources and equipment. As a nutritionist , even though this part is not related to us but the least we can do we can work with the refugee to help them to get a good sources and prevent them from getting any diseases.

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MCH in Armed conflict Setting (PHYLICIA LIM YUN LEI 202131)

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health:

The availability of food will decrease and the economic will collapse which will lead to the poverty of the family. Also, it leads to decline in habitat. The risk of malnutrition of mother and children will increase and they getting higher risk of exposure to disease. Then, for the consequence, diversion of public spending, loss of qualified personnel and destruction of infrastructure result in no preventive and curative health service available which will lead to death and disability of women and children.

*indirect consequences of conflict such as food scarcity, malnutrition, poor sanitation, and communicable diseases.

Nutritionist Role:

First as a nutritionist, I can work together with dietitian to provide nutrition intervention to them. Mobile clinics and community-based care can be increased to help mother and their children. Establishment of feeding centers like therapeutic feeding centers and supplementary feeding centers for malnutrition in children. Then, as a nutritionist, I will provide micronutrient distribution programs to tackle micronutrient deficiencies in children and mother. Then, I will provide food assistance programs to distribute the foods to children to decrease the stunting, wasting and malnutrition rate. Also, as a nutritionist, I will provide nutrient-dense fortified spread to the mother and children; so, they can obtain the needed nutrients daily. Nutrition therapy via outpatient day care center can also provide to them. Several nutrition interventions targeting malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies can be effective in the stable and development phases of emergencies such as refugee camps on malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, and standard anthropometric measurements.

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In my opinion, one of the consequences of the conflicts that occur in certain countries is food insecurity. The occurred war and conflicts force the mothers and children need to displace to another places and cannot return to their home. Food shortages and access to adequate food and safe water remain a major concern for refugees living in conflict zones, which makes them highly dependent on food imports. Some women also tend to stop breastfeeding which further deprives children of the nutrition and protective effects conferred by breast milk. The food shortage may caused malnutrition in children in long-term and become stunting and underweight. The conflicts also brought an increase risk of morbidity and mortality to both mothers and children due to direct violence and from the
deterioration of local conditions. Physical trauma is a strikingly visible direct consequence of explosives and gunfire, burden
estimates are surprisingly scarce. Women and children affected by conflicts have affected with their mental health due to direct exposure to violence, disruption of family structure, and social disintegration.

As a nutritionist, I think we can volunteer to help them. We can raised fund from other countries and buy some food to them with the fund.  SAM. Some simple food can be provided to them such as enriched milk and locally prepared porridge and biscuits. A temporary outpatient nutrition center can be made at refugee camps for the treatment of children with malnutrition. We can measure on their growth and provide some nutritional suggestions and provide them some treatments. Some basic nutrients can be provided for their treatment. We also can share or education them some nutrition knowledge and knowledge on hygiene so that they can take care of themselves in future. We can also provide them some moral and and social support.

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The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health:
1. Conflict can result in higher levels of gender-based violence against women and girls, including arbitrary killings, torture, sexual violence, and forced marriage. Women and girls are primarily and increasingly targeted by the use of sexual violence, including as a tactic of war.
2. Conflicts also affect local livelihoods, impair productive activities and limit access to safe foods and basic services.  This is due to the destruction of crops, livestock, land, and water, and disrupts infrastructure, markets, and the human resources required for food production, distribution, and safe consumption. Therefore, the malnutrition cases among maternal and children are increasing worryingly which leads to other diseases such as kwashiorkor, marasmus, and other infections disease.
3. Conflicts also cause damage to health facilities. This problem will make mothers and children are less likely to receive medical care.
Role as nutritionist:
1.Give emotional support to them because they really need someone to give them spirits and understand their condition very well. As they had to go through many things such as lost their loved ones, being the victim of the violence. Some of them also had to feel ashamed and getting banned by their spouse because of something that they even don’t want.
2.Make very simple menus for the victims in the refugee camp so it can help them to improve their nutritional status and also help to prevent malnutrition. Besides that, we also can collaborate with any NGOs or volunteerism organization to collect funds to support the medical care and also meals that contain enough nutrients especially for children that still growing and also for mothers that breastfeeding or pregnant.
3.Teach them how to take care of the hygiene because, in the refugee camp, infectious diseases can spread more easily due to not having a clean source of water, and also not practicing the right hygiene practices.

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After reading the articles and watching the video, it’s very sad to see the dramatic increase in armed conflicts and wars affecting developing countries and it also breaks my heart to see the suffering the civilians especially women, mothers and children.

Armed conflict has lead to economic collapse because the government are diverting resources to military purposes. When the economic collapse, families lose the ability to buy food and this may lead to malnutrition because they are unable to get essential nutrients from food. Furthermore, malnutrition will  increase exposure to disease which may then lead to the death and disability of women and children. As a nutritionist, we should participate and volunteer in food distribution program so that everyone will have access to nutritious food to prevent the risk developing diseases.

Besides that, armed conflicts also causes destruction of infrastructure. So when service infrastructure is destroyed and health workers migrated, fled or killed, women and children do not have access to health care services which will eventually lead to the death and disability of women and children. As a nutritionist, although it is not my decision to plan on rebuilding infrastructure, but as nutritionist, we can provide them some basic health care services and advices.

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AFIQAH IZZATI BINTI OUYOP 200860                                -The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health are the increases in mortality and morbidity rates because of the loss in health services facilities due to the wars and bombs tragedy. The loss in health service will lead to lack in medical equipment used in order to give treatment to the mother and child who are not well.  Untreated diseases can lead to may complications and eventually death.                         	 - Next, conflicts will destroy all the farms which supply food sources to the residents. This will impair food availabilities and reduce the nutrient intake needed for maternal health especially to those who are pregnant and need more nutrients for their baby development. This can lead to the birth of preterm baby and various health implications.                                        As a nutritionist, it is very important to know the causes of certain condition to know the right solution for it. Nutritionist is important to check the nutritional status and advices them and shows the correct way to take care of their maternal status and also their child’s health.             -As a nutritionist, we need to give them nutrient-dense foods which are small and easy to carry anywhere such as nutrient bar for those in war to supply enough nutrient and prevent malnutrition. Nutritionist also need to give moral support to them and understand their problems and concerns

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AFIQAH IZZATI BINTI OUYOP 200860                                -The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health are the increases in mortality and morbidity rates because of the loss in health services facilities due to the wars and bombs tragedy. The loss in health service will lead to lack in medical equipment used in order to give treatment to the mother and child who are not well.  Untreated diseases can lead to may complications and eventually death.                         	 - Next, conflicts will destroy all the farms which supply food sources to the residents. This will impair food availabilities and reduce the nutrient intake needed for maternal health especially to those who are pregnant and need more nutrients for their baby development. This can lead to the birth of preterm baby and various health implications.                                        As a nutritionist, it is very important to know the causes of certain condition to know the right solution for it. Nutritionist is important to check the nutritional status and advices them and shows the correct way to take care of their maternal status and also their child’s health.             -As a nutritionist, we need to give them nutrient-dense foods which are small and easy to carry anywhere such as nutrient bar for those in war to supply enough nutrient and prevent malnutrition. Nutritionist also need to give moral support to them and understand their problems and concerns

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Consequences:
1. Malnutrition:
- Conflict can impact food security conditions by destroying agricultural production, distribution and markets and hindering economic growth.
- All of these factors affect both quantity and quality of the food which available to the women and children.
- Inadequate household food security, poor diet, hunger, and food starvation leading to deterioration in the nutritional status of women and children.
- Stunting, wasting or underweight are the example of health indicators of the severity of this conflict that exposed women and children to malnutrition.

2. Loss of health services:
- Armed conflict also affects the health services and health environment in three fundamental ways which is loss of health staff due to death or conscription by the army, destruction of health infrastructures, supplies and equipment as well as deterioration of sanitation and water supplies
- If the health services are available in conflict areas, it is strictly cash-for-service basis and the women and children unable to access the health services.
- Poor access to health services and lack of continuity of care can result in disruption to the effective care of chronic and non-communicable diseases.

Role of nutritionist:
1. Improve the quality of nutritional assessment to develop the program that match the nutritional needs of women and children
- Including improvement of quality of the data and methods of data collection to allow the most appropriate types of intervention are implemented
- The nutrition intervention that has been implemented in conflict setting should also be evaluated consistently

2. Establishment of feeding and supplementary feeding program:
- Feeding and supplementary feeding program should not stand alone; instead they should be part of a strategy aimed at improving the nutritional status of children both in the short and long term
- The nutrient-rich food products are distributed to improve nutritional status and consequently decrease the prevalence of malnutrition among children.

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1. Malnutrition
due to impaired food abilities as their sources keep getting lower and lower; make them eat only to survive not for health. Thus, food quantity is prioritized over food quality. Studies also show that, during conflict, women tend to stop breastfeeding, which further deprives children of the nutrition and protective effects conferred by breast milk. As a nutritionist, run anthropometry measurement to identify their nutritional health status. Besides, correct their nutritional status by giving them nutrient-dense food nutrients- rich food such as nutrient-dense fortified spreads.
2. Low SRH
Fertility in conflict settings might decrease because of demographic changes separation of spouses, reductions in marriage, and increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Besides, more unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions, especially due to lack of access to family planning services. As a nutritionist, offered family planning services to the couples, married or not and any individuals. This can be from talks and private sessions about contraceptive education and its availability, providing them options and meeting their needs. The aims is to avoid the unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions which can affect the maternal health status such as hemorrhage and mental health.

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In my opinion, one of the consequence of armed conflicts is impaired food availability. Insecurity or fear feelings prevents farmers from going to the field to plant the crops. Thus, agricultural production to provide food source will be lacking. Not only that, traders stop bringing necessary inputs such as seeds and tools. As lot of families move to population centers, consequently losing agricultural self-sufficiency. Combatants stoles civilian fields and food store as they need to survive. Food aids are not accessible or food insecurity is in worrying state. All of these factors have an obvious impact regarding both quantity and quality of the food that are available to the women and children. Hunger and starvation definitely will lead to deterioration and insufficiency in the nutritional status of women and children. Consequently, stunting, wasting or underweight will become more prevalence. Besides, mother could not provide an enough body's milk to their baby as the mother themselves did not getting a sufficient nutrient. Nutritionist could help with finding other resources to support their food from the outside and maybe provide medical nutrition therapy where it included lifecycle nutrition, weight management, and nutrition intervention for various disease states, critical care, and recognition of physical signs of malnutrition. Next, increasing prevalence of STI and HIV infection. Nutritionists might assist by bring awareness and educate knowledge to the women in conflict zones. Establishment of feeding and supplementary feeding program to improve the nutritional status of children both in the short and long term period. Nutritionist also can help to distribute nutrient-rich food products to improve nutritional status and consequently decrease the prevalence of malnutrition among children. For example, regarding the harmful impact of traditional practice such as FGM or female genital mutilation. Therefore, nutritionist should also educate them regarding family planning in order to avoid unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions or after the effects of sexual violence by those cruel armed forces.

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The consequences  of conflicts on maternal and child health:
-The women and children lost their home as their safe place.
Since, they lost their home due to the war and conflicts, they had to become the refugee and go to the refugee camp to seek for the shelter. In the camp, we can help them by give emotional support especially to the women who sexually abused. Next, we can teach them about any disease that can infect them especially sexually transmitted disease. If they infected by STD, we need to expose them what need to be done to avoid transmission especially to their babies and children. Next, we can teach the young mothers or the mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding for their babies to avoid malnutrition. Lastly, we can monitor the child growth in the refugee camp to avoid malnutrition or any nutritional disease. We can do some meal plan for them and do the intervention.

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-household food insecurity which will lead to starvation and malnutrition among women and children.
- food quantity is more important than food quality.
-mother also stop breastfeed their children due to war which also will lead to malnutrition among children.
As a nutritionist,
-advised the person who in charged to provide food distributions to give more nutrient-dense food to make them gain more nutrients.
-volunteering ourselves to help them especially in food problems such as malnutrition and feeding problems.

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-The first consequence is food insecurity in conflict zones. As nutritionist, we should prevent this issue by joining the nutrition interventions provided by the government such as general food distributions, blanket supplementary feeding programs for vulnerable groups, targeted supplementary feeding programs, micronutrient distribution, agricultural support, and infant and young child feeding programs in order to combat micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition among population.
-Secondly is loss of health services. Health services are limited and almost disappear in conflict area so it would be so hard for the nutritionist and other health professional to help women and children during war. Therefore, as nutritionist, we should always be ready and available to help them in emergencies setting.
-The third consequence is increasing cases of STI and HIV infection. Nutritionists can help by giving awareness and knowledge especially to the women in conflict zones about the dangerous of harmful traditional practice such as female genital mutation. Most of them practice this due to the loss of health care services. Plus, nutritionist should also expose them about family planning in order to avoid unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions.
-The fourth consequence is displacement. Displacement is so challenging especially to women and children since it can lead to physical exhaustion, injuries, extreme temperature and many more. Nutritionists playing important role to help them to get adequate amount of macro and micronutrients in order to prevent them from experiencing life threatening situation that can lead to death, such as extreme dehydration, exposure to infection, and malnutrition.
-The last consequence is economic collapse due to most of the country’s resources are more focusing to military needs instead of rebuild their economy. Nutritionist can help in this situation by joining volunteering program to provide food and medical care to the population, specially to protect maternal and child health status.

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consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health:
-less food availability because of poverty and lead to malnutrition. As the result, it can increase exposure to disease-causing death and disability of women and children.
-destruction of infrastructure causing no curative or preventive health services available and loss of health services.

Role of a nutritionist:
- provide lifecycle nutrition, weight management, and nutrition intervention for various disease states, critical care, and recognition of physical signs of malnutrition.
- provide direct patient care at combat support hospitals to critically wounded or ill patients and supporting wellness and outpatient medical nutrition therapy initiatives.
- provide social support for the mother since women run the risk of increased exposure to gender-specific war crimes, such as rape and sexual abuse, which often have long-term traumatic consequences. The emotional impact of the loss of fathers and husbands results in lasting pain in both children and women.

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consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health:
-less food availability because of poverty and lead to malnutrition. As the result, it can increase exposure to disease-causing death and disability of women and children.
-destruction of infrastructure causing no curative or preventive health services available and loss of health services.

Role of a nutritionist:
- provide lifecycle nutrition, weight management, and nutrition intervention for various disease states, critical care, and recognition of physical signs of malnutrition.
- provide direct patient care at combat support hospitals to critically wounded or ill patients and supporting wellness and outpatient medical nutrition therapy initiatives.

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Consequences

Loss of family. This can lead to emotional instability especially to growing children and pregnant mothers.

Increase unwanted pregnancy due to sex violence among girls/women.

Loss of food availability. Loss of food availability can lead to undernutrition among children and mothers.

Role as a nutritionist

As a nutritionist, I can do nutrition intervention that focuses on tackling undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. One of the strategies that can be done is by distributing complete food to the camp's base to make sure the people get enough nutrients.

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The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how you can relate it with your role as a nutritionist (200477)

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The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how you can relate it with your role as a nutritionist (200477)

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-       The consequences that is vital that should be look upon for the war conflict that is related with child and maternal is under the indirect violence that also includes impaired food availability that could lead to malnutrition, Sexual gender violence and economic collapse.

-       Firstly, war could lead to the impaired food availability for the family This is because farmers or the first chain of the foodservice couldn’t produce the food product from the farm because of the insecurity or it could also be because the farm ( source of food) is destroyed by the war. This lack of food resources especially the rice, vegetables, livestcok and fruits that provides us the essential nutrients could lead some high risk children to malnutrition.

-       RON- Nutrionist could help with findings other resources to support their food from the outside and maybe give some Medical nutrition therapy where it included lifecycle nutrition, weight management, and nutrition intervention for various disease states, critical care,and recognition of physical signs of malnutrition. So that they are aware of their own children and the mothers health itself.

-       Next, sexual of genders based violence especially for the women as this includes rapes,sexual slavery, sexual abuse that used to punished, torture the woman and subsequently leads to trauma, abandoned of their family members (considered dirty) and also HIV infections.

-       RON, Nutritionist can play a role as a comforter towards the victim and give some mental support to them. Most victims had trauma and don’t have an urge to live anymore because of the experience thus, nutritionist could give them motivation and some advices to go on with their life as they have to also took a good care of their food intake. We can also give some protection to the survivors from further sexual violence and msybe can propose some laws about the prohibition of the sexual violence for the military involved.

-       Lastly, economic collapse is one of the consequences to the child and mother as well as they will having difficulties on having the money to fullfiled the basic needs to live such as shelter, food and access to health services. This will impaired their overall health as status because lack of this will lead to various diseases and even mortalility

-       RON, Giving them awareness about their own heatlh status and also acknowledge them about the what kind of prevention that they can do by themselves. Help them to create a new ideas about the things that they can do to earn some income that could lead to their better life for example, creating some crafts or using any of their talent to earn money.

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health (200421)

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health (200421)

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Inadequate amount of food leads to malnutrition especially children and mother

Poor sanitation which can lead to various types of diseases.

Loss of health services care also can lead to high disease rate and death or disabilities

Sexual violence occur especially among women and children

Role of nutritionist

Need to collaborate with psychologist to treat victims’ trauma while we need to ensure they get adequate food intake by giving nutrient-dense food since they are at risk of malnutrition

Educate them about sexual education which is crucial to the victims of war or conflict since women and children are always being the main target, so that they will be brave to raise this issue and become more aware about it.

Teach them about family planning and how to seek treatment for STI/HIV infection since it can spread to others and can cause high rate of morbidity and mortality

Educate them about sexual education which is crucial to the victims of war or conflict since women and children are always being the main target, so that they will be brave to raise this issue and become more aware about it.

Promote knowledge and compliance of international humanitarian law (IHL) to help the victims so that they can seek help from NGOs

Establish safe camps with NGOs to supply essential services so that the number of death and diseases can be reduced

Prepare pre-package kits to avoid outbreak of diseases and help to protect victims from diseases.

Need to build up health care service centers or camps as it is crucial for disease prevention and to check up health especially the vulnerable group (women, pregnant women, children, elderly, people with weak immune system)

volunteer to do health program to increase or raise awareness among the victims especially about sexual violence and gender-based violence

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Consequences of conflict to maternal and child health

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Consequences of conflict to maternal and child health

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TAN CHEE YEE 204075

- food insecurity
- psychological effect
- sexual violence
- decline of sexual and reproductive health
- bias to the victim
- increase of sexual transmitted disease

ROLE OF NUTRITIONIST
- volunteer to help out in the camp
- prepare healthy and balance diet for the victim
- share the knowledge about practicing balance diet
- educate the victim about sexual education

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how I play role as a nutritionist (200911)

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Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how I play role as a nutritionist (200911)

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Consequences:

- Spread of STI transmission due to rape cases.
- Increase in the prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion that will put the women and their fetus in danger.
- The shortage of food supply which indirectly results in malnutrition among the community especially children under five years.
- Pregnant women or lactation women that cannot get enough nutrient may affect theirs and children's health. For example, if pregnant women do not get a proper diet, this will programme their fetus to have a high risk for several diseases later in life.
- Destruction infrastructure including the hospital. By this, maternal and child cannot get proper treatment or health services that will lead to death or disability. - Unsafe delivery also will be increased as there are no proper and well-equipped areas.

Nutritionist role:

I can collaborate with NGOs that are active in humanitarianism.
- Be one of the main committees that help in the distribution of food supplies. First, choose better food such as nutrient-dense fortified food that can ensure a sufficient amount of nutrients for the war victims/refugees. Then, I also can propose to them to give micronutrient supplements such as a single dose sachet containing a combination of multiple vitamins and minerals. This can help to treat micronutrient deficiencies and malnutrition caused by the food insecurity that happened due to the conflict, especially among pregnant women, lactation mothers, and children under 5.

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The consequences of conflict to maternal and child health (204392)

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The consequences of conflict to maternal and child health (204392)

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First of all, conflict affects human health in many aspects. But health care delivery remains a concern for most countries. Many countries are still suffering from conflict. It affects overall health and limits access to healthcare facilities as well as healthy food.  Besides, the impact and consequences of conflicts on an individual level can be trauma injuries, infectious diseases and it also has a huge effect on determinants of health and access to healthy food and food security.

As a nutritionist, we should raise awareness about the health consequences of conflict such as transmission disease which might be long-lasting diseases. Besides, we should provide and make it easy for people who are suffering from a certain type of disease to access health care facilities. We should provide professional psychologists to provide the right support for women who are sexually abused.  It is important to highlight that women are most affected during conflicts, as they are unable to receive nutritious food to breastfeed their own babies, and also during the delivery they might not have safe delivery or haemorrhage  that will result in more serious health issues.

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Aina Mardhiah binti Ahmad Nazari (200470)

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Aina Mardhiah binti Ahmad Nazari (200470)

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One of the consequences of conflicts that affect maternal and child health is that they are at risk of sexual violence, early marriage, and harassment due to poor law management systems, inadequate services, and social stigma. In addition, reduced access to modern contraceptives and increased sexual violence might increase pregnancies and abortions. As a nutritionist, we should educate the soldiers in the field about the prohibition against sexual violence, educate them about HIV and STD, and give mental support to the survivors.

Second, conflicts also can cause a decrease in food availability and eventually hunger. This will lead to an increased in the number of children affected by acute malnutrition. Malnutrition can stunt children’s growth, deficiency in essential vitamins and minerals, making them more susceptible to infectious and chronic diseases. As a nutritionist, we can conduct a targeted supplementary feeding program in which the children were given cooked food and rations to supplement their daily food intake

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The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and relate it with the role as a nutritionist (202416 KHOO YU WEN)

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The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and relate it with the role as a nutritionist (202416 KHOO YU WEN)

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Consequences
-Malnutrition
-Acute and infectious diseases
-Mental health being affected
-sexual and reproductive health (sexual abuse, rape lead to unwanted pregnancy, abortion, HIV)

Role of nutritionist
-conduct nutrition and health assessment for refugees
-as a educator to educate the importance of sexual and reproduction health
-as a planner and consultants to promote long-term health improvements
-develop pediatric nutrition training program
-infant and child feeding program

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The Consequences of conflict on maternal and child health and relate with the role of nutritionist.     Nur Alia Syafika binti Mohamad Ali (203492)

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The Consequences of conflict on maternal and child health and relate with the role of nutritionist.     Nur Alia Syafika binti Mohamad Ali (203492)

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The consequences of conflict to maternal and child health are malnutrition issue due low food availability and economic collapse, exposure to lot of disease such as cholera, death, disability, trauma and sexual violence.

The role of nutritionist are the nutritionist can
1. Provide the food pack or food aid that have sufficient nutrient food.
2. Conduct community support group to educate and spread awareness and even provide support especially among the mother about breastfeeding and complementary feeding.
3. Carry out some observation to know and aware about the food access available to suggest to the community.
4. Create group of volunteers to help spread the aid and conduct the support group.

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The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how you can relate it with your role as a nutritionist ( Shashini Nair 200334)

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The consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health and how you can relate it with your role as a nutritionist ( Shashini Nair 200334)

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Consequences
1) unstable household food security
• affected greatly during armed conflict that will impact children growing up and womens especially those who are pregnant as well due to the fact the growth of infant will be affected. both quantity and quality if food will be impacted negatively.
• malnourished condition will occur due to inadequate dietary intake

2) caring quality or health service
• might be attack leading to loss of places for health care services.
•Will affect the maternals to get check ups if child bearing or for attending children due to the fact that providing safety of family is priority during the war period

ROle from us:

1. I think UNICEF should actually opened up quota for us nutritionist with maybe 3 mon training for instances, where then we can go and volunteer at all this armed place and provide enough support.
2. Maybe for countries that are in armed conflicts we can provide contraceptive methods to all womens and teenageers to actually avoid them from getting conceived. We have to asked for their consent obviously in order we respect basic rights of life.

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The consequences on conflict on maternal and child health:

1. STI disease spreading- rape, young early mother, pregnant teens.

2. Malnutrition among children increasing. the children does not get enough proper      food to help them with growing and developing. Resulting in retardation, stunting, wasting

3. Food insecurity - not getting enough food, does not eat for days

4. Increase mortality or more death - increasing no of innocent people, getting shot

5. Economic collapse - hard for them to get food, clean environment, lower hygiene as they dos not have clean water source resulting in spreading of disease and die.

Nutritionist role:

1. Give them food that fortified with nutrient.

2. Establish more feeding center- they give free food to children

3. Develop a food that are fortified with nutrient.

4. Make a packaging that have macronutrients and macronutrient and distribute to them

5. Make them more aware about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding

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TAN DE HUI 203411           Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health  

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TAN DE HUI 203411           Consequences of conflicts on maternal and child health  

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- loss of food availability
- economic collapse
- decline in habitat
- diversion of public spending
- destruction of infrastructure
- loss of qualified personnel

Nutritionist role
1. Volunteer ourselves to help to build safe camp with essential services as a curative and preventive health care (acute-complex emergencies ).
2. Continue volunteer ourselves to help them in the safe camps when the conflict is still going on (chronic complex emergencies).
3. Combination of acute and chronic emergencies which when there is new arrival of need service for acute emergencies such as young children, therapeutic feeding for malnutrition and catch-up immunization.
4. Having post conflict settings after the conflict has ended.

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Tan De Hui 203411 Maternal and child health

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Consequences:
-Reduce sexual and reproductive health due to rape, unsafe sex, unsafe abortions, unwanted pregnancy
-Malnutrition (stunting, and wasting among children)
-Disease development (post-partum haemorrhage, anaemia)
-Premature birth then affect neurocognitive development and growth
-Mothers unable to receive nutritious food to breastfeed their babies.
-Exposed to infectious disease due to lack of hygiene, clean water access
-Physically and mentally abused which caused permanent disability and trauma, respectively

Nutritionists' roles:
-Do nutrition and physical assessment (identify signs of malnutrition such as PEM, kwashiorkor, marasmus)
-Provides medical nutrition therapy for specific conditions (trauma and burns)
-Monitor child growth in refugees camp
-Emotional support
-Be knowledgeable and able to solve problem how to prepare sufficient nutrient needs in such conflict circumstances
-Ensure food safety (keep food at right temperature, food storage, avoid spoilage)-to avoid further complications such as foodborne diseases

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The Consequences of Conflicts on Maternal and Child Health (GOH WEI WEN 203493) 

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The Consequences of Conflicts on Maternal and Child Health (GOH WEI WEN 203493) 

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Firstly, conflicts would cause malnutrition occurs in maternal and child. This is because, during conflicts, food become more and more precious as the manufacturing process of food would be halted and unable to provide foods to the maternal and child. Therefore, this issue will lead to malnutrition.

Secondly, conflicts would also cause loss of health services in the country. This issue causes the health of maternal and child health are unable to be monitored by health care providers such as doctors, nutritionist and nurses especially those women who are pregnant. Hence, it can lead to some severe consequences such as death.

As a nutritionist, we can volunteer ourselves to the country where suffers from conflicts. We could help building a safe camp in that country. Then, we can do some anthropometric measurements in the safe camp to check whether the people is suffering from malnutrition. Besides, we could also monitor the growth of the child. Moreover, we could give some moral supports to those displaced person as they do not have any places to stay or live in.