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О том, что такое "риторика".

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О том, что такое "риторика".

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Когда и как образовалось слово «риторика»? Что помогает человеку осмысленно строить высказывания? Как научиться слушать? На эти и другие вопросы ответил Гасан Гусейнов в ходе лекции, прочитанной 12 июня 2013 года и опубликованной на сайте Института УНИК.

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Среда обучения

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Среда обучения

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Бесплатный курс от ВШЭ

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Бесплатный курс от ВШЭ

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Риторическое президентство

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Риторическое президентство

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Риторическое президентство - все самое интересное на ПостНауке

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Филолог Ирина Антонова о публичных выступлениях, риторических методах президента и языке как средстве правления

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Плейлист редакции TED, в котором можно найти ответы на многие вопросы: почему люди боятся выступать перед зрителями? Как побороть этот страх? Как говорить, чтобы люди слушали с интересом?

Совокупная длительность - приблизительно 93 минуты.

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If you've got a presentation to give at work or school - or are perhaps getting ready to speak at a TEDx event? - we recommend these talks to help get you pumped up.

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Подкаст о публичных выступлениях

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Подкаст о публичных выступлениях

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01:10 — почему никто не рождается оратором

03:55 — как правильно и не скучно подготовиться к выступлению

09:49 — провалы и как себя вести на сцене

19:15 — необычные способы для привлечения внимания

23:40 — как отвечать на провокационные вопросы

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This Course

Video Transcript

In "Engaging in Persuasive and Credible Communication", you will learn the key skill of persuasion, in the context of professional communication in a globalised world. Persuasive communication is essential to any professional workplace. From a simple email request for your colleague to help you, to developing a presentation for the board of directors, these are acts of communication that require a good degree of persuasion. Even the process of entering the workforce requires effective persuasive communication, for in the act of writing your resume, cover-letter, or in the interview process, you are essentially persuading the potential employer to hire you. By the end of this course, you will be able to structure and express your ideas in a convincing and persuasive manner in writing, apply basic principles of persuasive writing to convince different sets of audiences at the globalised workplace, and learn to engage in persuasive and credible communication across different cultures in a complex globalised environment.

View Syllabus

From the lesson

Persuasive and Credible Communication: An Overview

In the first part, we will analyse and discuss theoretical concepts of both persuasion and credibility.

Taught By

Transcript

[SOUND] Hi welcome to the second video, Persuasion versus Manipulation of Engaging in Persuasive and Credible Communication. In this video we will be introducing three basic concepts: persuasion, coercion and propaganda. And at the end of this video you will be able to identify the differences between these three concepts. As I had said in the first video, those of you who are more critical might find the concept of persuasion rather distasteful. I know I did, in the past at least. For isn't persuasion unethical? Isn't it dishonest? Isn't it manipulative to persuade someone to do something? Isn't it the tool that evil corporations use to hoodwink people into buying things that they don't need? Let's recap the definition of persuasion. The objective of persuasion is to induce a change in belief, attitude or behavior of someone else. It seems then that it is indeed possible for persuasion to be unethical, for the change can be entirely for the benefit of the persuader. Now let's take a short two minutes to watch this clip from the film The Wolf of Wall Street. Before I do that, please be warned that the short clip contains vulgarities. Did you enjoy that short clip? Now, let's answer a few questions. Okay, let's put the clip and your answers on hold first and move on to the differences between coercion, persuasion, manipulation and propaganda. First off, let's start with coercion. Coercion, in a strict sense, persuades someone with the use of force. Thus, threatening someone with a gun to do what you want would be considered coercion. In such cases, the receiver is often left with little to no choice. So, clearly, persuasion differs from coercion since, in the case of persuasion, the receiver still retains some element of choice. Leonardo DiCaprio did not point a gun or threaten Kevin, the guy on the phone. So technically we cannot say that he coerced Kevin. The difference between persuasion and manipulation, however, might be slightly less clear to some. Some people consider persuasion as the misuse of influence or exerting improper influence over others, particularly at the mass or individual level. From this perspective, it is easy to see why they would consider it as manipulation of others' minds and therefore unethical. Some might even perceive it as an artificial method that manufactures consent. It is not untrue that it is, indeed, possible to manipulate others or manufacture consent covertly but it would be more accurate to call such an activity manipulation via propaganda instead of persuasion. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines propaganda as the ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc. Joan Mulholland, author of the Handbook of Persuasive Tactics, outlines the key differences between persuasion and propaganda. Propaganda, as opposed to persuasion, is a strong and mainly covert tactics that pressures its audience into making decisions and leaves its audience with little room for resistance to its influence. In other words, it simply imposes decision and insists that the message be accepted and acted upon. Persuasion, on the other hand, differs in the aims and means it uses. It uses overt and aboveboard tactics and often gives little to no pressure to the receiver. It can be used to help improve or weaken cooperation between colleagues and friends and maintain relations with family and community. One key difference between persuasion and propaganda is that, if it meets resistance from the receiver, the persuasion can be withdrawn. Moreover, the persuader encourages the receiver to share the same view rather than impose a view, therefore allowing for differences in opinions. Since the tactics persuasion employ after open and above board, unlike propaganda, the intention to persuade is often recognized from the start. Thus, there is a clear difference between persuasion and propaganda and they are not the same thing. Now, was Leonardo DiCaprio's sales pitch an act of persuasion or propaganda? I hope the answer is clear to you. With his exaggerated claims of helping Kevin to make money easily without emphasizing the risks of doing so and using strong, covert tactics to manipulate Kevin into thinking that he would be able to make quick and easy money, it would be more precise to call it an act of propaganda and it is definitely unethical. We started the video with a question, isn't persuasion unethical? From what we have discussed, we can safely say that persuasion is not unethical, but that does not necessarily mean that it is ethical. The next example, however, will demonstrate how persuasion, in fact, can be ethical. Let us imagine three scenarios at the office you work at. There is an upcoming Christmas staff party at your boss's house. So scenario one, here's what he says. Hi Derek, there is a Christmas staff party at my house this weekend, everyone's invited. Those who do not turn up will not have a bonus this year. Here's scenario two, hi Derek, there's a Christmas party at my house this weekend, everyone's invited. You wouldn't want to miss it. By the way, you should know that nobody in my company skips company events like this upcoming party. You're either one of us or against us. So, I'll see you there this weekend, then. And scenario three, hi Derek, there's a Christmas staff party at my house this weekend. Everyone is invited and we would really like for you to attend. There will be good food, some wine, and it will be a good chance for you to interact with your colleagues in an informal setting to get to know them better. Do let me know if you're coming so that I can prepare enough food for everyone. Among all the scenarios, it is only in scenario three where persuasion can be considered used. This is because the boss uses strong reasons to appeal to you to attend the party and the phrasing is organized to create some desire and elicit action from you. The attempt to persuade you to attend is clear from the start and this is an example of how persuasion can be ethical but apply overboard tactics to influence you to see the merits of attending the party. And there is still the option of not attending without being punished compared to the other scenarios. For scenario one, it is clearly a case of coercion. While there was no physical violence involved, the means of imposing a financial penalty for not attending amounts to a trap and, since I most likely value my boss, I am left with no choice but to attend. In scenario two the covert tactics employed by the boss to pressure me into attending the party could arguably count as propaganda since it leaves me with no choice but to attend because skipping the party will mean that I do not conform to the company culture and I risk offending my own boss. Thus, from this example we can see how persuasion can indeed be ethical compared to propaganda or coercion which are both generally not well accepted in society. We could also count, among masters in persuasion, extraordinary people like Gandhi or Martin Luther King who are able to persuade and influence mass audiences to change their beliefs, attitudes or behavior for the greater good. If you were to plot the concepts of persuasion, propaganda and coercion it would look something like this. Persuasion could be argued to be more ethical than propaganda which is then considered more ethical than coercion. Nevertheless, there's a thin line that separates persuasion from propaganda. But hopefully this line becomes clearer to you after this lesson.

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Persuasion versus Manipulation - Persuasive and Credible Communication: An Overview | Coursera

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Loading... This Course Video Transcript In "Engaging in Persuasive and Credible Communication", you will learn the key skill of persuasion, in the context of professional communication in a globalised world. Persuasive communication is essential to any professional workplace.

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Платный курс Udemy

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Платный курс Udemy