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Cansu Üzver - 2/A - 190102006

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1776 - The Imperial Maritime Engineering Schools 

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1776 - The Imperial Maritime Engineering Schools 

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After the defeats in 1700s and after the Ottoman Navy was incinerated by the Russian Navy led to the opening of The Imperial Maritime Engineering Schools; since 1838, the compulsory foreign language became English, and courses were given by British teachers (Boyacıoğlu, 2015).
In 1910, the school is arranged according to British Naval School system (Ergün, 2013, as cited by Boyacıoğlu, 2015).

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Image by Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri from Wikimedia Commons

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In 1806, English became part of the curriculum. Later, in the curricula of School of Navy Engineering and School of Foreign Languages, English was seen (Sarıçoban & Sarıçoban, 2012).

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Image by ❤ Monika 💚 💚 Schröder ❤ from Pixabay

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According to Boyacıoğlu (2015), in 1821, Bab-ı Ali Translation Chamber was opened, and it was the first institution which taught foreign language in an organized way in the Ottoman State. Due to the importance of learning European languages in 19th century to have a job in the Ottoman Government, the Bab-ı Ali Translation Chamber was an essential establishment (Boyacıoğlu, 2015).

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Image by Unknown author from Wikimedia Commons

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The Tanzimat Period took place in the second half of the 19th century, and the Westernization movements began (Sarıçoban & Sarıçoban, 2012).
In the words of Kırkgöz (2005), in the Turkish education system, English language was introduced in this period (as cited by Sarıçoban & Sarıçoban, 2012).

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Image by User:Maestroka from Wikimedia Commons

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The first private foreign school was established in 1863 by American missionaries was Robert College (Demirel, 1999, as cited in Çakır, 2007; Kırkgöz, 2007).
It was the first school which used English as the language of the instruction (Sarıçoban & Sarıçoban, 2012; Kırkgöz, 2007).

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1864 - The Ottoman Foreign Language School 

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1864 - The Ottoman Foreign Language School 

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In 1966, education in The Ottoman Foreign Language School started with French language (Özkan, 2010).
It was the first school which gave education of foreign language (Boyacıoğlu, 2015), and not only French but also English, Russian and German languages were taught in the school (Önen, 1971, as cited in Boyacıoğlu, 2015). The school was opened and closed multiple times (Özkan, 2010).

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Image by Abdullah Biraderler from Wikimedia Commons

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In 1868, in Galatasaray Sultani High School, education started, and modern education of French language was given (Özkan, 2010). "It was the first State school where the education was given in foreign language." (Boyacıoğlu, 2015, p. 655) Later, Arabic, Farsi, Armenian, Latin, Greek, Bulgarian, English, Italian, and German were elective courses in the program (Özkan, 2010).

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Image by Unknown author from Wikimedia Commons

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"After the First Constitution in 1908 French teaching became obligatory and German and English teaching became elective in all Ottoman schools." (Boyacıoğlu, 2015, p. 651)

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Image by ElasticComputeFarm from Pixabay

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- Boyacioğlu, F. (2015). The historical development of the foreign language education in Ottoman Empire. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 651–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.597
- Çakır, İ. (2007). Osmanlı'dan günümüze yabancı dil öğretimi süreci. Nüsha, 0(24), 37 - 45. . https://tinyurl.com/2p8v97jx
-  Demirel, Özcan, 1999. İlköğretim Okullarında Yabancı Dil Öğretimi. Ankara. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları
-  Ergün, Mustafa (2013). Medreseden Mektebe Osmanlı Eğitim Sistemindeki Değişme/ Transformation from Madarsas to Modern School in Ottoman Education System, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Türkiye Sanal Eğitim Bilimleri Kütüphanesi. Access date: 20 July 2013 http://www.egitim.aku.edu.tr/ergun3.htm
-  Kırkgöz, Y. (2005). English language teaching in Turkey: Challenges for the 21st century. In G. Braine (Ed.), Teaching English to the world: History, curriculum, and practice (pp. 159-175). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Kirkgoz, Y. (2007). English language teaching in Turkey. RELC Journal, 38(2), 216–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688207079696
- Özkan, S. H. (2010). Osmanlı Devletinde yabancı dil eğitimi/foreign language education in the Ottoman Empire. Turkish Studies, International Periodical for the languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 5(3), 1784–1800. https://turkishstudies.net/DergiTamDetay.aspx?ID=1346
- Sarıçoban, G., & Sarıçoban, A. (2012). Atatürk and the History of Foreign Language Education in Turkey. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 8, 24-49. https://tinyurl.com/u57tubu
- Reference of (Önen, 1971) was not provided by (Boyacığlu, 2015).

Visuals:
- Image by wasi1370 from Pixabay
- Image by Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri from Wikimedia Commons
- Image by ❤ Monika 💚 💚 Schröder ❤ from Pixabay
- Image by Unknown author from Wikimedia Commons
- Image by User:Maestroka from Wikimedia Commons
- Image by https://cpdonline.in/course/foreign-languages via Padlet
- Image by Abdullah Biraderler from Wikimedia Commons
- Image by Unknown author from Wikimedia Commons
- Image by ElasticComputeFarm from Pixabay