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Chamberlain’s policy of Appeasement - Sept. 30, 1938

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Chamberlain’s policy of Appeasement - Sept. 30, 1938

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Also known as the Munich Agreement, the settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia. After his success in absorbing Austria into Germany proper in March 1938, Adolf Hitler looked covetously at Czechoslovakia, where about three million people in the Sudetenland were of German origin.

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On August 23, 1939–shortly before World War II (1939-45) broke out in Europe–enemies Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the world by signing the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years. With Europe on the brink of another major war, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) viewed the pact as a way to keep his nation on peaceful terms with Germany, while giving him time to build up the Soviet military.

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World War II in Europe began when Hitler's Nazi Germany attacked Poland. The countries that fought against Germany and the Axis Powers in Europe were called the Allied Powers. Later the United States would help in defeating Hitler.

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In World War II, the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied troops from the French seaport of Dunkirk to England. Naval vessels and hundreds of civilian boats were used in the evacuation.

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Battle of Britain - July 10-Oct. 31, 1940

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Battle of Britain - July 10-Oct. 31, 1940

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After Germany and Hitler had conquered most of Europe, including France, the only major country left to fight them was Great Britain. Germany wanted to invade Great Britain, but first they needed to destroy Great Britain's Royal Air Force. The Battle of Britain was when Germany bombed Great Britain in order to try and destroy their air force and prepare for invasion.

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Q: What was the main goal Hitler wanted to accomplish by bombing the British air force in the Battle of Britain?

-To keep them from attacking his troops in France

-To destroy the air force in preparation to invade Britain
-To prove his air force was stronger
-To keep the British on the defense
-To stop them from bombing Germany

A: To destroy the air force in preparation to invade Britain

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Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii. The morning of the attack, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes descended on to the base. The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.

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Japanese Internment Camps - Feb. 19, 1942

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Japanese Internment Camps - Feb. 19, 1942

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After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor the United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II. Not long after the attack, on February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed an executive order that allowed the military to force people of Japanese ancestry into internment camps. Around 120,000 Japanese-Americans were sent to the camps. People were forced to move into an area that was surrounded by barbed wire. They were not allowed to leave.

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Japanese-American Internment During WWII | History

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Q: Around how many Japanese-Americans were forced to move to internment camps during World War II?

-900

-3,000
-15,000
-40,000
-120,000

A: 120,000

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Battles of El-Alamein: July 1-27, 1942 and October 23-November 11, 1942

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Battles of El-Alamein: July 1-27, 1942 and October 23-November 11, 1942

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The second battle was decisive after the first one ended in a stalemate. The second battle marked the beginning of the end for the Axis in North Africa.

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Operation Torch was an Allied invasion of French North Africa during World War II. Operation Torch was the Anglo-American invasion of French Morocco and Algeria during the North African Campaign of World War II

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After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, German armies had by early September approached Leningrad from the west and south while their Finnish allies approached to the north down the Karelian Isthmus. Leningrad’s entire able-bodied population was mobilized to build antitank fortifications along the city’s perimeter in support of the city’s 200,000 Red Army defenders. Leningrad’s defenses soon stabilized, but by early November it had been almost completely encircled, with all its vital rail and other supply lines to the Soviet interior cut off.

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There was a huge civilian evacuation attempt! Both before and during the siege, the Russians attempted to evacuate large numbers of the civilian population in Leningrad. It’s thought approximately 1,743,129 people (including 414,148 children) were evacuated by March 1943, which amounted to around 1/3 of the city’s population.

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Battle of Stalingrad, (July 17, 1942–February 2, 1943), successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd), Russia, U.S.S.R., during World War II. Russians consider it to be one of the greatest battles of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict. It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies.

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The Bataan Death March forced a march of 70,000 U.S. and Filipino of war captured by the Japanese in the Philippines. The marchers made the trek in intense heat and were subjected to harsh treatment by Japanese guards.

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The Battle of Midway was an epic clash between the U.S. Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy that played out six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The U.S. Navy’s decisive victory in the air-sea battle (June 3-6, 1942) and its successful defense of the major base located at Midway Island dashed Japan’s hopes of neutralizing the United States as a naval power and effectively turned the tide of World War II in the Pacific.

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In order to defeat Japan, the U.S. came up with a plan called Island Hopping. Through this measure, the U.S. hoped to gain military bases and secure as many small islands in the Pacific as they could.

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Did you know the idea of the Allies Island Hopping to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target? The reasoning is that those islands can simply be cut off from their supply chains (leading to their eventual capitulation) rather than needing to be overwhelmed by superior force, thus speeding up progress and reducing losses of troops and material.

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On October 25, 1944, during the Battle of the Leyte Gulf, the Japanese deploy kamikaze (“divine wind”) bombers against American warships for the first time. It will prove costly–to both sides. This decision to employ suicide bombers against the American fleet at Leyte, an island of the Philippines, was based on the failure of conventional naval and aerial engagements to stop the American offensive.

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On 6 June 1944 – 'D-Day' – Allied forces launched the largest amphibious invasion in the history of warfare. Codenamed Operation 'Overlord', the Allied landings on the beaches of Normandy marked the start of a long and costly campaign to liberate north-west Europe from Nazi occupation.

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On May 8, 1945, both Great Britain and the United States celebrate Victory in Europe Day. Cities in both nations, as well as formerly occupied cities in Western Europe, put out flags and banners, rejoicing in the defeat of the Nazi war machine during World War II.

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Located 750 miles off the coast of Japan, the island of Iwo Jima had three airfields that could serve as a staging facility for a potential invasion of mainland Japan.  American forces invaded the island on February 19, 1945, and the ensuing Battle of Iwo Jima lasted for five weeks.

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Battle of Okinawa - March 26 - July 2, 1945

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Battle of Okinawa - March 26 - July 2, 1945

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Battle of Okinawa, (April 1–June 21, 1945), World War II battle fought between U.S. and Japanese forces on Okinawa, the largest of the Ryukyu Islands. Okinawa is located just 350 miles (563 km) south of Kyushu, and its capture was regarded as a vital precursor to a ground invasion of the Japanese home islands. Dubbed “the Typhoon of Steel” for its ferocity, the battle was one of the bloodiest in the Pacific War, claiming the lives of more than 12,000 Americans and 100,000 Japanese, including the commanding generals on both sides. In addition, at least 100,000 civilians were either killed in combat or were ordered to commit suicide by the Japanese military.

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On August 6, 1945, the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a five-ton bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A blast equivalent to the power of 15,000 tons of TNT reduced four square miles of the city to ruins and immediately killed 80,000 people.

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Nagasaki was a shipbuilding center, the very industry intended for destruction. The bomb was dropped at 11:02 a.m., 1,650 feet above the city. The explosion unleashed the equivalent force of 22,000 tons of TNT.

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Q: On what date was Hiroshima bombed?

-August 6, 1945
-August 12, 1945
-August 9, 1945
-August 6, 1845

A: August 6, 1945

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Finally recognizing that victory was impossible, the Japanese government accepted Allied surrender terms without qualifications on August 14, 1945. That same day, President Harry S. Truman announced from the White House that the Japanese acceptance met the terms laid down at the Potsdam Conference for unconditional surrender. As soon as the news of Japan’s surrender was announced on August 14, celebrations erupted across the United States. The United Kingdom announced that its official V-J Day would be the next day, August 15, 1945, and Americans exuberantly joined in that day’s merriment, too.

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The Yalta Conference took place in a Russian resort town in the Crimea from February 4–11, 1945, during World War Two. At Yalta, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin made important decisions regarding the future progress of the war and the postwar world.

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Forming of the United Nations April - June, 1945

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Forming of the United Nations April - June, 1945

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Four months after the San Francisco Conference ended, The United Nations officially began. Now, more than 75 years later, the United Nations is still working to maintain international peace and security, give humanitarian assistance to those in need, protect human rights, and uphold international law.

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https://www.ducksters.com/
https://www.britannica.com/
https://www.history.com/
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/
https://www.un.org/en/about-us/history-of-the-un