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When the feedback loop moves in the upward direction, the body will try to lower its temperature because the internal temperature of the body is too high (100.4°F) (for example, due to fever or strenuous exercise). An effect of the increase in body temperature is sweating and vasodilatation. Sweating helps to lower the body's temperature through evaporative cooling. Vasodilation helps cool down the body by increasing blood flow to the skin which allows more heat to be lost through radiation. After these responses, the body temperature should decrease to normal temperature (98.6°F). The feedback loop goes in the downward direction when the body temperature is too low (below 95°F) (for example, being in an extremely cold environment or taking drugs and alcohol). Also, if the body's temperature is below 95°F, hypothermia can occur. The effects of decreasing temperature are shivering and teeth chattering. Those responses are all examples of your muscles rapidly expanding and contracting in order to warm up your body. Also, the thyroid increasing metabolism leads to an increase in body temperature. After these responses, your body temperature should increase to a normal temperature (98.6°F).

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Vasoconstriction is the opposite of vasodilation and is when your blood vessels constrict or become smaller to reduce heat loss. When the blood vessels constrict there is less blood flow near the skin which helps reduce heat loss from the body.

Below- Vasoconstriction Diagram

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Thermogenesis is the process that the human body's muscles, organs and brain produce heat. One example of this is shivering. The muscles in your body rapidly expand and contract, which produces heat to help increase temperature. Another example of thermogenesis is when the body's thyroid releases hormones to increase the metabolism rate. The increase in metabolism rate increases body temperature.

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The hypothalamus sends signals to various organs and systems in your body to help increase temperature.

Below- Image highlighting hypothalamus

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The most common reason for your body temperature dropping below normal levels is the external environment being extremely cold. A drop in body temperature can also be caused by alcohol or drug use.

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Vasodilation, which is the dilation (increase in size) of the blood vessels, also helps cool your body down. When vasodilation occurs, your blood vessels widen and carry more blood to the skin, which is cooler than the rest of the body. The increase in blood near your skin allows your body to release heat through radiation.

Below- Vasodilation Diagram

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The body signals the sweat glands to start releasing sweat. The water in the sweat has a high heat of vaporization, which causes the water to absorb a large amount of energy before evaporating. When the water eventually evaporates, it brings all the heat energy with it, which cools down your body temperature. The process is called evaporative cooling.

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The hypothalamus, which is the part of the brain that controls temperature, sends a signal to various organs in the body to help reduce temperature.
Below- Image highlighting hypothalamus

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Many factors can cause your body temperature to increase. For example, strenuous exercise and having an infection can cause a fever (body temperature above 100.4°f).

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Below- Human Body

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Thermoregulation is important because it helps your body maintain a stable internal temperature. Your body's temperature should be between 98°F (37°C) and 100°F (37.8°C). If your body temperature falls below this range, hypothermia can set in, which can lead to brain damage, cardiac arrest and death. Also, if your body temperature is too high, you can experience heat stress and heat fatigue.

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Thermoregulation- Positive or Negative Feedback Loop?

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Thermoregulation- Positive or Negative Feedback Loop?

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Thermoregulation is a negative feedback loop. This is a negative feedback loop because it fluctuates between two parameters. Thermoregulation can help your body decrease in temperature and also help your body increase in temperature.

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Thermoregulation in humans is the process that occurs when a human's internal temperature becomes too hot or too cold. There are many ways that humans can help return the body temperature to normal.