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- Listen to the student's feelings.
- Be patient with them! Don't give up on struggling students.
- Reward effort and not just a student's product. They are working hard!
- Focus on the student's strengths.

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People with dyslexia may struggle with stress, anxiety, depression, or self-image. This may be because they are comparing themselves to other students who don't share these struggles. I would say, these social and emotional needs increase greatly as the student becomes older and other students are progressing at a much higher rate than them.

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A student with dyslexia may also struggle in math because they have difficulty holding onto strings of numbers.

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Some characteristics of elementary school students with dyslexia:

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Some characteristics of elementary school students with dyslexia:

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- The student may have difficulty naming the days of the week or counting to 20.
- The student may struggle with pronouncing words.
- The student may have trouble retrieving a word.
- Etc.

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Dyslexia is actually a language-based learning disability. Dyslexia affects one's word recognition, reading fluency, spelling, and writing! A individual with dyslexia may have difficulty learning to speak and the order of their words may be ordered in a way that doesn't make sense.

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Dyslexia only has to do with reading. MYTH

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Evidence supports that to teach the skill of fluency, a student must PRACTICE reading orally over and over again!

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What do students need to work on/know in order to read?

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What do students need to work on/know in order to read?

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- The alphabet
- Phonemic awareness and phonics skills
- Vocabulary
- Fluency
- Reading comprehension strategies

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If intervention is provided early on to students with dyslexia (or other reading disabilities for that matter), fluency can be improved!

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Students who do not read fluently, do not develop an automatic reading system, but instead a functioning one, which causes them to read at a much slower pace.

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- Occurs step-by-step.
- Characterized by automatic word recognition & reading quickly and smoothly.
- A student who isn't a fluent reader may avoid reading because they may feel discouraged.

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This part of the brain is responsible for forming words and reading fluently.

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This part of the brain is responsible for forming words and sounds in speech (articulation) and word analysis.

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This part of the brain is responsible for articulation and word analysis.

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There are 3 regions of the brain involved in reading...
1. Broca's area
2. Parieto-temporal
3. Occipito-temporal

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Dyslexia does not go away. It is a like long disability, but reading can be improved for most people based on interventions that are in place.

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Dyslexia is not more or less likely for one specific gender. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed because they act out and it is noticed, but girls will likely be overlooked because they don't speak out or voice their struggles.

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Dyslexia runs in families. If one child in a family has dyslexia, then half of his or her siblings will have it as well.

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About 80% of people with a reading disability have dyslexia.

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A reading disability involving difficulty reading accurately and fluently.

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"Reading Disability and the Brain"
By: Sally E. Shaywitz & Bennett A. Shaywitz