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- Lead by Benito Mussolini "Il Duce"
- Large following due to publications of "Il Popolo d'Italia"
- Fascio di Combatimento
- Objetive: Restore the greatness of the Roman Empire
-  March of Rome, 1922

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Began during World War I, when Benito Mussolini and other radicals formed a political group (called a fasci) supporting the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Around 1921, the fascists began to align themselves with mainstream conservatives, increasing membership exponentially.

From 1925 to 1929, Fascism steadily became entrenched in power.

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- Lead by Adolf Hitler "Mein Führer"
- Aryan race
- Third Reich
- Schutzstaffel
- Objective: Revive the Prussian Kingdom and carry out the "Weltpolitik"
- Famous massacre: "The night of the long knives"

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In the final years of the Weimar Republic (1930 to 1933), the government ruled by emergency decree because it could not attain a parliamentary majority. Political and economic instability, coupled with voter dissatisfaction with the status quo, benefitted the Nazi Party.

As a result of the Nazis’ mass support, German president Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor on January 30, 1933. His appointment paved the way to the Nazi dictatorship after Hindenburg’s death in August 1934.

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Similar to European nations like Italy and Germany, nationalism and aggressive expansionism began to rise to prominence in Japan after World War I.

The 1919 Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I did not recognize the Empire of Japan’s territorial claims, which angered the Japanese and led to a surge in nationalism.

Throughout the 1920s, various nationalistic and xenophobic ideologies emerged among right-wing Japanese intellectuals, but it was not until the early 1930s that these ideas gained full traction in the ruling regime.

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Fascist Italy invades, conquers and annexes Ethiopia.

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During the anexe of Ethiopia by Mussolini that was supported by hitler, the same year they allied

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- Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sign a cooperation treaty.
- The Rome-Berlin Axis

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- Nazi Germany & Japanese Empire --> Anti-Comintern Pact,
- Against the Soviet Union and the international communist movement.

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- Japan invades China
- World War II in the Pacific

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Germany invades Austria and Czechoslovakia

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World War II involved many countries around the globe fighting against each other, including the UK. It lasted six years, from 1939-1945.

This War became a global conflict after the German military, led by Hitler, invaded Poland in 1939 because he wanted to take some of their land for Germany. France and Britain declared war on Germany because they didn’t think what Germany was doing was right, then Italy joined with Germany, and gradually other countries in Europe and around the world became involved with either the Allies or the Axis powers.

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- Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression agreement
- Codicil that divides Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.

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- Germany invades Poland
- World War II in Europe.

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Britain and France declare war on Germany.

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- Lead by Francisco Franco "El generalísimo"
- He sought the exaltation of the country, make a conservative Catholic state and begin the persecution of those who were not Catholic

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Germany and the Soviet Union divide up the territory of Poland.

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- France signs an armistice agreement with the Germans
- In the south of France a collaborationist regime is established with capital in Vichy.

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Germany invades Norway, ending a 6-month period.

Paris falls to German forces. France capitulates 11 days later.

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Germany, Italy and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact.

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Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, starting war with the US. Sensing weakness, Hitler declares war on America 4 days later.

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URSS is invaded from the north they try to invade Leningrad, through the center they will try to reach Moscow, and from the south they try to reach Ukraine, Stalin seeing this military strategy of war is appointed general of war.

When Hitler enters through Leningrad and declares a state of siege, that is, certain borders are closed and the attacks are repelled from that city, the “burned land” occurs, Stalin burns those territories, when the Nazis already arrived they did not find anything useful.  When they arrived in Moscow they could not support themselves to fight in the state of siege that Stalin had made.  When they decide to invade Ukraine mainly for oil and food as the main source of resources for the Soviet Union.

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U.S. troops first arrived in Britain in January 1942. Also that year, Japan captured Singapore, which was Britain's last location in the Pacific, as well as islands such as Borneo and Sumatra. By the middle of the year, though, the Allies started gaining ground, with the Battle of Midway being the turning point there. Germany captured Libya, but the Allies started making gains in Africa, and Soviet counterattacks made progress as well in Stalingrad.

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It allows the Nazis to triumph in Ukraine, Leningrad and Moscow, by going further into Soviet territory.  Already being the Nazis, they will arrive from the north, east and south, but before that the Stalingrad is bombed and they will try to extract all the resources.  However, Stalin was not going to evacuate anything to give credibility that the Nazis were arriving by surprise at Stalingrad.  When they arrive, General von Paulus retreats after three months with casualties from the battle and bombardment is carried out with temperatures of -40º.  This marks the beginning of the end of the Nazis.

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Roosevelt and Churchill sign the Atlantic charter.
Surprise attack by the Nipana aviation against Pearl Harbor.
The United States declares war against the axis.

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- Second Phase
- USA Intervention - Pearl Harbor
- 1942 -> England -> Montgomery
- Hitler -> "Afrika Korps" -> Erwin Rommel -> Dessert Fox
- Confrontation

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3rd Phase
Great Allied Offensive
July 6th: D-Day Norman Battle
- Show Power
- France Liberation
July: USA
Mussolini Defeated
Victor Manuel III
- Defeat Fascism

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January 27: After 900 days, the Siege of Leningrad is finally over.

June 6: D-Day

August 25: The Allies liberate Paris.

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As the Soviet army advances, the Nazis were already losing but no one had informed Hitler and when they tell him he commits suicide and names General Karl Donitz as his successor to continue the war.  The Soviets managed to liberate Berlin on May 2, which they had already conquered and the war ended.  The Nazis do not give up, they continue to fight and put children and women fighting.  They commission a marshal to sign the Nazi surrender on May 8, 1945 and the Nazis officially lose.  The Nazis surrender but not the Japanese, they continue to fight.

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The Soviet Union regains Warsaw and frees the Jews from auschwitch
Yalta conference between Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt to attack the end of the war and the partition of Germany.
San Francisco conference: international agreements are stablished to found the UN.
The United States drops atomic bombs, Japan smiles: in Hiroshima the death toll is 100,000 and in Nagasaki it is 36,000.
Hitler commits suicide.

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- Battle of Okinawa
- Battle of Iwo Jima
- Atomic Bombs:
Little Boy: August 6th - Hiroshima
Fat man: August 9th - Nagasaki

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Japan, having agreed in principle unconditional surrender, formally surrenders and World War II ends.