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Bus topology
Bus topology carries transmitted data through cable. because data reaches each node, node checks destination address (MAC/IP address) to work out if it matches their address. If address does not match with node, node does nothing more. But if addresses of node match to address contained within data then they process on knowledge. In bus, communication between nodes are done through foremost network cable.
Advantages of Bus Topology :

It is the easiest network topology for connecting peripherals or computers in a linear fashion.

It works very efficient well when there is a small network.

Length of cable required is less than a star topology.

It is easy to connect or remove devices in this network without affecting any other device.

Very cost-effective as compared to other network topology i.e. mesh and star

It is easy to understand topology.

Easy to expand by joining the two cables together.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology :

Bus topology is not great for large networks.

Identification of problem becomes difficult if whole network goes down.

Troubleshooting of individual device issues is very hard.

Need of terminators are required at both ends of main cable.

Additional devices slow network down.

If a main cable is damaged, whole network fails or splits into two.

Packet loss is high.

This network topology is very slow as compared to other topologies.

Mesh Topologies

In mesh topology each device is connected to every other device on the network through a dedicated point-to-point link. When we say dedicated it means that the link only carries data for the two connected devices only. Lets say we have n devices in the network then each device must be connected with (n-1) devices of the network. Number of links in a mesh topology of n devices would be n(n-1)/2.

Advantages of Mesh topology

1. No data traffic issues as there is a dedicated link between two devices which means the link is only available for those two devices.
2. Mesh topology is reliable and robust as failure of one link doesn’t affect other links and the communication between other devices on the network.
3. Mesh topology is secure because there is a point to point link thus unauthorized access is not possible.
4. Fault detection is easy.

Disadvantages of Mesh topology

1. Amount of wires required to connected each system is tedious and headache.
2. Since each device needs to be connected with other devices, number of I/O ports required must be huge.
3. Scalability issues because a device cannot be connected with large number of devices with a dedicated point to point link.

# data[].attributes.body
A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch

Advantages of this topology :

If N devices are connected to each other in a star topology, then the number of cables required to connect them is N. So, it is easy to set up.

Each device requires only 1 port i.e. to connect to the hub.

Problems with this topology :

If the concentrator (hub) on which the whole topology relies fails, the whole system will crash down.

The cost of installation is high.

Performance is based on the single concentrator i.e. hub.

Comparison:

1. As in star topology the devices in the network are connected to a centralized hub, thus a central host is required in this type of topology. However, in ring topology there exist no such need for a central host due to adjacent connection of the devices in the network.

2. Star topology permits easy troubleshooting as faults can be easily detected and solved. While ring topology offers comparatively difficult fault analysis.

3. Star topology holds client-server connection. Whereas ring topology is a peer-to-peer connection type.

# data[].attributes.body
A ring topology is a network configuration where device connections create a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle. Together, devices in a ring topology are referred to as a ring network.

•advantages of ring topology•

All data flows in one direction, reducing the chance of packet collisions.

A network server is not needed to control network connectivity between each workstation.

Data can transfer between workstations at high speeds.

Additional workstations can be added without impacting performance of the network.

Disadvantages of a ring topology

All data being transferred over the network must pass through each workstation on the network, which can make it slower than a star topology.

The entire network will be impacted if one workstation shuts down.

The hardware needed to connect each workstation to the network is more expensive than Ethernet cards and hubs/switches.

# data[].attributes.body
A hybrid topology is a type of network topology that uses two or more differing network topologies.

The choice to use a hybrid topology over a standard topology depends on the needs of a business, school, or the users. The number of computers, their location, and desired network performance are all factors in the decision.

Star-Ring hybrid topology

A star-ring hybrid topology is a combination of the star topology and ring topology. Two or more star topologies are connected together through a ring topology.

Star-Bus hybrid topology

A star-bus hybrid topology is a combination of the star topology and bus topology. Two or more star topologies are connected together through a bus topology.

Advantages of Hybrid Topology :

It is extremely flexible. It is very reliable. It is easily scalable as Hybrid networks are built in a fashion which enables for easy integration of new hardware components. Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.

Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology :

•It is a type of network expensive.

•Design of a hybrid network is very complex.

•There is change hardware in order to connect topology with another topology.

•Usually hybrid architectures are usually larger in scales so they requires a lot of cables in installation process.