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Children develop speaking/listening skills while engaging in dramatic play with peers, for example, a play kitchen.

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Crafts and activities help familiarize children with letters

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Classroom environment should be literacy-rich, with a variety of text and environmental print for children to look at and "read"

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Read alouds, songs, and chants may be used to promote listening & speaking. There may be circle time or calendar time everyday.

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Children build social skills, prepare for kindergarten, and develop literacy skills such as speaking & listening through playtime.

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No set schedule:
"The instructions of the teacher consist then merely in a hint, a touch—enough to give a start to the child. The rest develops of itself." [Maria Montessori, Dr. Montessori’s Own Handbook]

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As children interact with each other and their environment, and choose how to play, they learn speaking and listening skills.

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Children can practice writing by drawing letters in sand or using movable magnetic letters.

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Materials are easily accessible to children. Skills are developed naturally and the teacher acts as a guide.

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Children are encouraged to choose books and read independently. The goal is to make reading fun and give as much choice as possible.

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New York State Pre-K learning standards are used and often paired with a chosen curriculum.

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Children practice literacy skills to prepare for kindergarten such as writing their name and learning the alphabet.

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Resources such as flip books may be used to teach reading and listening skills