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Name 4 types of observational research

Complete observer - The researchers do not identify themselves. Either they mix in with the subjects undetected, or they observe from a distance.

Observer as a participant - Here the researcher is known and recognized by the participants and in many cases, the participants know the research goals of the observer. There is some interaction with the participants but the interaction is limited.

Participant as observer - Here the researcher is fully engaged with the participants. She is more of a friend or colleague than a neutral third party. While there is full interaction with participants, they still known that this is a researcher.

Complete participant - This is a fully embedded researcher, almost like a spy. Here the observer fully engages with the participants and partakes in their activities. Participants aren’t aware that observation and research is being conducted, even though they fully interact with the researcher.

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Q2- What is the difference between spot counting and continuous counting?
Spot counting is when your research involves sampling different time periods whereas

continuous counting is when you take continuous observations

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Nuit Blanche events Originated in Paris in 2002. The events have been developing across European and North American cities for over the past 10 years

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Q3 - Estimated contribution of night time economy to the UK in 2009? and what contribution was made in terms of turnover and jobs by London's NTE?

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Q3 - Estimated contribution of night time economy to the UK in 2009? and what contribution was made in terms of turnover and jobs by London's NTE?

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- Estimated contribution to the UK in 2009 was £66bn
-Contribution made in terms of turnover was £10 billion
- Contribution to employment was 1.3 million jobs
-NTE brings £26.3bn to London's economy every year
- NTE employs 1 in 8 of people in the city
- £2bn added each year by 2030
- 2,200 jobs could be added to the services

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Social – anti-social behaviour, negative media coverage, mono-use of city centres / shift from pubs to entertainment and restaurants, greater diversity and cultural events, less residential conflicts, public transport is more available, new residents, improvement of area vitality

Economic – NTE of core and non-core activities turned over £10b in 2009, more tourism, more employment, inward investment of other businesses / Some NTE firms and employees have decreased

Environmental – Increased pollution or destruction from antisocial behaviour, increased public transport brings CO2 concerns / Environmental protection and urban management are key, spreading visitor activity to stop crowding

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- Use of varied events to prevent mono-use of cities

- Shutting down clubs / pubs to prevent anti-social behaviour, drink and drugs etc, pollution
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Q7 - Examples of NTE/Late night festivals in the UK

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Q7 - Examples of NTE/Late night festivals in the UK

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·      Edinburgh fringe festival

·      Manchester late night culture festival – after hours

·      London’s art festival (the institute of contemporary arts)

·      London’s museums at night

·      Lunar festival

·      Wilderness festival

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The ability of an event area to cope with an optimum number of visitors at any one time, while maintaining a pleasant and safe experience – relies in particular on public transport, safety and cleansing resources of cities and city centre entertainment zones.

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Q2 - What are the strategic aims of suit blanche events originate?

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Q2 - What are the strategic aims of suit blanche events originate?

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- Promote area base cultural festivals and contemporary art events
- Exploit and rediscover the evening and late night economy
- Respond to concerns surrounding public safety, crowding and mono-use of city spaces associated with anti-social behaviour
- Developing opening hours and visitor activity
Embracing European culture surround 'late night' activities

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- Late night licensing has led to the liberalisation of planning, animation, the use of land/property

- A culture led-approach to city regeneration, planning and management

- Growth of inner city populations, urban tourism and greater diversity in activity groups

- Increase in alcohol and late night licenses particularly in the Westminster City Council

- The development and management of NTE are considered a major issue in outer London but less so in central London where late night licensing has been longer established and there’s less residential conflicts and more public transport.

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Q8 - Evans Thoughts on Nuite Blanche and its role in place marketing 

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Q8 - Evans Thoughts on Nuite Blanche and its role in place marketing 

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Advantages

·      Liberalisation

·      Social trends

·      Importance of import of more European continental lifestyle

·      Relaxed licensing

Disadvantages

·      Problems of anti-social behaviour

·      Mono-use of city centres – drinking and drugs

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The main London 2012 Olympic borough

·      Advantageous in meeting council’s objectives in Newham

·      ‘a place where people want to live and visit, to put Newham on the map, and to work in partnership to add diversity and value’