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-Adequate examination
-Interpret and/or evaluate findings
-No excessive testing to falsely enhance results
-Use valid, reliable standards of comparison
-Use accurate, reliable equipment
-Precise
-Reproducible

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-Don't confuse scientific facts with opinions
-Qualify and explain opinions and conclusions  appropriately
-Don't state conclusions and opinions beyond the area(s) of personal expertise
-Give proper weight and certainty to opinions and conclusions

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-Personal interests or gain should not bias or distort a report or testimony
-Never claim results and/or accomplishments not your own
-Limit testimony to conclusions drawn from examinations and analysis
-Avoid misleading or ambiguous language and terms easily misconstrued
-Use accepted standards for photographs, posters, or background information
-Do not distort or use unduly sensational material
-"Attorney-client" relationship applies, unless it leads to a miscarriage of justice
-Set a reasonable fee for services- never contigency

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-Re-examining evidence is permissible
-Resolve differences of opinions before the case goes to trial
-Advising attorneys about the testimony of another forensic scientist is permissible if in good faith, not malicious, and to prevent incompetent testimony
-Inform colleagues about new methodology for analysis
-Report invalid or unreliable methodology
-Respect opinions and conclusions of colleagues unless you can prove them as false or inaccurate

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-Forensic Science- the application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.
-Ethics- the branch philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions, and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions
-Physical evidence- any object that can establish that a crime has been committed, or can link a crime and its victim or perpetrator
-Chain of  Custody- refers to the chronological documentation or paper trail, analysis, and disposition of physical and electronic evidence
-Rules of Evidence- govern whether, when, how, and for what purpose proof of a case may be place before a court for consideration
-Impartiality- not partial or bias; fair or just
-Testimony- the statement or declaration of a witness under oath or affirmation, usually in court
-Expert Witness- the Forensic Scientist and or Crime Scene Technician presenting the findings of a crime investigation in a court of law
-American Academy of Forensic Science- currently the largest forensic science organization in the world. Scientists may opt to follow the code of ethics from their regional organization or those from this organization.
-Preservation-to keep possession of or retain for safekeeping

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-Forensic science = legal matters and legal questions
-Significant elements in resolving civil and criminal matters
-Link or exonerate suspects
-Any distinction between civil and criminal is artificial
-Principles and procedures of the forensic science investigation are the same for both
-Physical evidence:
-Recognize
-Preserve
-Analyze

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American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors
-Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD-LAB)
-Accredits crime laboratories
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
-Certifies crime laboratories (IOS 17025)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
-Certifies testing materials used in analysis
American Board of Criminalistics (ABC)
-Certifies individual forensic scientists

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-American Academy of Forensic Science (AAFS)
-American Board of Criminalistics (ABC)
-Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE)

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-College Education
Internship
-In-house training provided by the employing agency
-External training sponsored by federal and state agencies such as:
FBI National Academy in Quantico, VA
Texas Department of Public Safety (TXDPS)
-Workshops provided by various associations during meetings.

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-Forensic Scientists- Bachelor of Science (BS) and  higher in natural or physical science.
-Criminologists- BS or higher in sociology or psychology.
-Crime Scene Investigators- Law enforcement officers with a certification, such as one from the International Association for Identification (IAI).
-Medical Examiners- Licensed pathologists possessing a Doctor of  Medicine (MD), that have completed several years of internship in pathology.
-Coroners- Equivalent to Mes in some jurisdiction; some are elected county officials who handle corpse and death investigations.
-Prosecutors- Doctor of Jurisprudence (JD) in criminal law.

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The main careers in forensics is:
Forensic Scientists, Criminologists, Crime Scene Investigators, Medical Examiners, Coroners, and Prosecutors.

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-Trace evidence (hair, fiber, paint, glass, impressions, etc.)
-Latent prints (fingerprints)
-Forensic biology (serology/DNA)
-Toxicology (blood alcohol, poisons)
-Controlled substances (drugs)
-Questioned documents (hand writing and typescripts)
-Firearms (firearms and ammunition)

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KS3 Activate 3 Kerboodle: Explaining DNA fingerprinting

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-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
-Federal, State and local crime laboratories
-Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
-Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
-U.S. Postal Service (USPS)
-U.S. Secret Service
-Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
-U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services
-Teaching at community colleges and high schools.