# data[].attributes.body
Case 9
Problem:missing antibody
Causes:age related
Resolution : incubate at room temperature and check patient's history

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 9
Problem: This patient has no forward nor reverse grouping reactions.
Causes: Group 1. The patient is undergoing certain immunosuppresive medication due to a bone marrow or organ transplantation.
Resolution: Incubate at room temperature for 15-30 minutes. Check patient's medical history for reconfirmation.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 9
Problem: reverse grouping, missing antibody probably group O with no antibodies
Causes: age related or weakened immune system
Resolution: incubate at room temperature  for 15-30minutes and respin. Check patient history.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 8
Problem: extra reaction with B cells in forward grouping
Causes: possible cold allo or auto antibody from another blood group system
Resolution: screen for antibodies using screening cells and autocontrol

# data[].attributes.body
Case 8
Problem: due to miscellaneous problems
Causes: Group 4 discrepancies.cold reactive autoantibodies.
Resolution: screening for antibodies

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 8
Problems: Weak reaction occured at B cells when it can be said the current patient's blood group is AB by forward grouping.
Causes: Group 4. Presence of autoantibody or alloantibody.
Resolution: Perform cell screening using screening cells and an autocontrol.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 7
Problems : normal!!!!
Causes : technical problem
Resolution : check again

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 7
Problem: Normal yet weak reaction
Causes: -
Resolution: Redo the sample and check again.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 6
Problem: unexpected reaction in forward grouping
Causes:Leukemia that weakened A or B antigen
Resolution: recent transfusion

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 6
Problem: Presence of MF reaction at Anti-B.
Causes: Group 4. Blood transfusion
Resolution: Patient's latest blood transfusion record is revised.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 5
Problem : unexpected reaction in  the forward grouping
Causes : subgroup A may be present
Resolution : incubate

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 5
Problem: No reaction at Anti-A which determines the absence of antigen A. The B cells reaction shows 3+.
Causes: Group 2. No antigen A present, subgroup of A.
Resolution: Test patient's cells with Anti-A serum for 15 - 30 minutes under 4 degrees Celsius.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 4
Problem :normal😏
Causes : -😏
Resolution : -😏

# data[].attributes.body
Case:4
Problem: Nothing, its normal
Causes: -
Resolution: -

# data[].attributes.body
Case 3
Problem : weak forward with anti-A and 1+ reaction with A1 cells
Causes : Group 3 discepancies
Resolution : test patient cell with anti A1 lectin and with patient serum A2 cells

# data[].attributes.body
Case 3
Problem:weaken reaction with anti-A and A1 cells
Causes: subgroup of A( A2 with anti -a1)
Resolution: test patient cells with anti -a1 lectin and with patient serum test with A2 cells

Case 4
Problem: no problem. Normal
Causes:
Resolution

Case 5
Problem: Due to the missing antigens in forward grouping
Causes: Leukemias mat yield weakened A or B antigens or the A subgroup
Resolution: increasethe association of ab-ag by incubating the patient serum at room temperature for 30minutes.

Case 6
Problem: unexpected weak agglutination of antigen with mix fields
Causes: acquired B
Resolution: Find what ABO type the patient prior with transfusion or treat with Acetic anhydrate to decrease cell reactivity of aquired B

Case 7
Problem: normal but weak reaction

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 3
Problem: weak forward reaction with 1+ A1 cells

Causes: presence of subgroup A may present

Resolution: test A1 lectin with patient's cell

Case:4
Problem: normal,normal ,normal

Causes: none

Resolution: report the result

Case: 5
Problem: unexpected missing antigen in forward grouping

Causes: Leukemias may weakened the A or B antigen

Resolution: extend incubate patient serum at RT for 30 minutes.

Case: 6
Problem: unexpected weak agglutination with mixed field in forward grouping

Causes: acquired B

Resolution: Treat with Acetic anhydrate

Case: 7
Problem: normal with weak reaction

Causes: technical problem or blood sample

Resolution: The whole test procedure has to re-do

Case: 8
Problem: Unexpected weak reaction with 1+ in B cell

Causes: Due  to presence of cold auto-antibody because it cause clothing at room temperature

Resolution: Antibody screening

Case: 9
Problem: Missing antibody in reverse grouping which probably blood group O

Causes: Age related ( infant / older )

Resolution:  incubate in RT for 15-30 minutes.

Case: 10
no patient!! counter CLOSED!!!!!!

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 3
Problem: Weak reaction of Anti-A yet mild agglutination at A1 cells shows the blood group is a subgroup causing weaken reactions. This is than supported with the strong agglutination at B cells.
Causes: Group 2. Subgroup A reactions.(A2 cells)
Resolution: Test anti-A1 lectin with patient's cells and A2 cells with patient's serum.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 2
Problem:weaken reaction in forward grouping for anti-B
Causes: Due to aquired B phenomenon
Resolution: increase the association of ab-ag by incubating the test mixture at 4°C for 15-30minutes

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 2
Problem: group 2  weaken reaction of forward grouping in B antigen

Causes: due to presence of Acquired B phenomenon

Resolution: bacterial infection of E.coli identification is required

# data[].attributes.body
Case:2
Problem: Slight reaction at forward grouping, Anti-B that shows 1+ which suppose not to occur. This shows presence of Antigen B in the RBC. Might be Acquired B phenomenon.
Causes: Group 2. Presence of weak or small amount of antigens.
Resolution: Increase the solution pH by using Acetic anhydrate that will change the pH that might cause the Acquired B phenomenon not to react

# data[].attributes.headline
I hate immunohaemato but because of mr.chuah I love it....herrmmmm

# data[].attributes.subject
I hate immunohaemato but because of mr.chuah I love it....herrmmmm

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1
Problem : unexpected reaction in the reverse grouping due to weakly reacting or missing antibodies
Causes : Group 1 discrepancies
Resolution : incubate patient's serum

# data[].attributes.body
CASE 1
Problem:  weaken reaction / missing  antibody in reverse grouping
Causes: Group 1 Discrepancies - Lack of antibody (AGE RELATED OR WEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEM)
Resolution: Enhance the weak or missing reaction in the serum by incubating the patient serum with reagent A1 and B cells at room temperature for approximately 15 to 30 mins.

CASE 2
Problem:
1+ reaction with anti-B. Appears to have additional antigens.
Causes:
Group 2 Discrepancies - Acquired B antigen
Resolution:
Patient history - bowel obstruction, carcinoma of colon/rectum (E.coli)

CASE 3
Problem:
Weak forward with anti-A and 1+ reaction with A1 cells
Causes:
1) Subgroup of A (A2 with anti-A1)
2) unexpected cold reacting antibody to antigen on reagent A1 cells
Resolution:
1) test patient cells with anti-A1 lectin and with patient serum test with A2 cells
2) an unexpected cold antibody would be detected in the antibody screening

CASE 4
Report normal result.

CASE 5
Problem: Weak reaction in forward grouping / Missing antigen in forward grouping.
Cause: A subgroup
Resolution: Screening again

CASE 6
Problem: forward grouping
Causes: Group B individual transfused with group O cells
Resolution: Check for recent transfusion

CASE 7
Problem: normal but weak reaction
Causes: blood sample/technical
Resolution: Redo the test and check

# data[].attributes.body
Case: Case 1
Problem: Weak react with B cells in reverse grouping
Causes: Group 1 discrepancies. It may due to weakly reacting or missing antibodies.
Resolution: Enhance the weak or missing reaction in the serum by incubating patient's serum with reagent A1 and B cells at room temperature for 15-30 minutes

Case: Case 2
Problem: Anti-B clot in forward grouping.
Causes: Group 2. It may due to Acquired B Phenomenon.
Resolution: Add acetic anhydrate to decrease the reactively of acquired B but not effect normal B cells.

Case: Case 3
Problem:Weak forward with anti-A1 and A1 cells clot in reverse grouping.

Causes: Group 3. It may due to pseudoagglutination or rouleaux formation, or subgroup of A (A2 with anti-A1)

Resolution: Use saline dilution or saline replacement technique will free the cells  in rouleaux formation.

Case: Case 4
Problem: Normal

Causes: No causes because is normal

Resolution: No resolution because is normal

Case: Case 5
Problem: No reaction in forward grouping

Causes: Group 2. It may due to A subgroup.

Resolution: Increased the association of antibody and antigen by incubating the test mixture at room temperature up to 30 mins.

Case: Case 6
Problem: Have mix field reaction with Anti-B in forward grouping.

Causes: Group 4. It may due to transfusion of group O cells.

Resolution: Check medical history of patient and find out patient's ABO type prior to transfusion.

Case: Case 7
Problem: It normal but weak react with Anti-A and Anti-B in forward grouping.

Causes: May due do blood sample or technical problem.

Resolution: Repeat and check and repeat and check and........

Case: Case 8
Problem: Weak react with B cells in reverse grouping.

Causes: Group 4. It may due to cold react of autoantibodies in red blood cell or unexpected alloantibodies.

Resolution: Screen for antibodies using Screening Cells and an autocontrol.

Case: Case 9
Problem: Have no any reaction with all cells in reverse grouping.

Causes: Group 1. It may due to age related or weakened immune system.

Resolution: Incubate at room temperature 15-30 minutes and respin. Check patient history.

Case: Case 10
Problem: Close

Causes: Can go back now

Resolution:  Yeah!!!!!!

# data[].attributes.body
Case 2
Problem : the unexpected reaction in the forward grouping
Causes : Group 2 discrepancies due to lack of antigen
Resolution : Acetic anhydrate is to decrease the reactivity of acquired B antigen

# data[].attributes.body
I scrd

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1 :
Problem: Reverse grouping result in B cells is abnormal, because weaken reactions, it is only 1+
Cause: Group 1
Resolution: incubate patient serum with reagent B at room temperature.

Case 2 :
Problem:  weak reactions with mixed-field appearance
Causes: Group 2, Acquired B phenomenon
Resolution: increase the Ab-Ag by incubate in room temperature about 30 minutes

Case 3 :
Problem: subgroup , weak at forward grouping
Causes: Group 1, subgroup A
Resolution:  incubate the test mixture at 4 degree Celsius, within 15-30 minutes .

Case 4 :
Problem : No prob, Normal
Causes: normal
Resolution : -

Case 5 :
Problem: weak in forward grouping
Causes: Group 2, A subgroup is
Resolution: incubate the test mixture in 4 degree Celsius for 15-30 minutes

Case 6 :
Problem: mixed in Anti-B, so its weaker
Causes: Group 4, rbc transfusion
Resolution: incubate at room temperature

Case 7 :
Problem: Normal but weak reaction
Causes: AB blood Group not produce antibody, maybe technical prob
Resolution: redo and check

Case 8 :
Problem: weak in reverse grouping, presence of B cells
Causes: Group 4, possible cold allo or autoantibody
Resolution: screen for antibodies using autocontrol and screening cells

Case 9 :
Problem: might be reverse grouping
Causes: Group 1, suppress antibody and weakened immune system
Resolution:  incubate at room temperatures , 15~30

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1 :  Group 1 discrepancies
Problem : Reverse grouping
Causes : Group 1 - weakly reacting / missing antibody
Resolution: incubate B cells serum patient at room temperature

Case 2 : Group 2 discrepancies
Problem : unexpected reaction Forward grouping
Causes : missing antigen / weakly reactivity of reaction
Resolution : incubate serum for 30minutes at room temperature

Case 3 : Group 1 weak forward with anti-a and a1
Problem : subgroup of A
Causes : unexpected cold reaction antibody
Resolution:  wash with saline 3 times

Case 4 : Normal result and report the result
Problem :
Causes :
Resolution:

Case 5 : Group 2 discrepancies
Problem : unexpected reaction in forward grouping
Causes : no antigen presence
Resolution: need to do antibody screening once again

Case 6 : Group 2 discrepancies - forward grouping
Problem: mixed fields
Causes : group B individual transfused with group O
Resolution: bone marrow

Case 7 : Normal .
problem : weak reaction
Causes : technical of blood sample
Resolution: redo and check

Case 8 : Group 1 - reverse grouping
Problem:  weak reactivity of B cells
Causes: Weak antibody
Resolution: incubate serum for longger time at room temperature

Case 9 : Group 1 discrepancies
Problem : reverse grouping, missing patients antibody probably group O with no antibodies
Causes : age related
Resolution: incubate at room temperature 15-30 minutes and respin. Check patient history.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1
Problem: Unexpected reactions in the reverse grouping
Causes: Weakly reacting or missing antibodies
Resolutions: Incubate the patient's serum (B-cells) at room temperature
Case 2
Problem: Unexpected reactions in the forward grouping
Causes: Acquired B antigen
Resolutions: Increase the association of Ab-Ag by incubating the test mixture at room temperature for up to 30 minutes.
Case 3
Problem: Weak forward with anti-A
Causes: Subgroup of A
Resolution: Incubate the serum
Case 4
Problem: It is normal
Causes:
Resolution: Report the result
Case 5
Problem: Missing antigen
Causes: Weakened A antigen
Resolution:  Incubate the patient's serum
Case 6
Problem: Unexpected reactions in the forward grouping
Causes: Group B individual transfused with O cells
Resolution: Increase the association of Ab-Ag by incubating the test mixture at room temperature for up to 30 minutes
Case 7
Problem: It is normal but weak reaction
Causes: Technical or blood sample
Resolution: Redo and check
Case 8
Problem: Forward shows AB individual
Causes: Possible cold allo- or autoantibody
Resolution: Screen for antibodies using auto control
Case 9
Problem: Reverse grouping, missing patient
Causes: Age related or weakened immune system
Resolution: Incubate at room temperature 15-30 minutes and respin. Check patient history.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1
Problem: Weakened reaction with B cells in reverse grouping
Causes: Group 1 Discrepancies. It may be due to weakly reacting or missing antibodies.
Resolution: Incubate B cells-serum at room temperature for 15-30 minutes.

Case 2
Problem: Unexpected reaction in forward grouping as anti-B shows weak reaction
Causes: Group 2 Discrepancies. It may be due to the acquired B phenomenon that causes weak reaction with anti-B in forward grouping.
Resolution: Add acetic anhydrate to reduce the reactivity of acquired B

Case 3
Problem: Unexpected reaction with A1 cells in reverse grouping as it shows weak reaction.
Causes: Group 2 Discrepancies. It may be due to subgroup of A, A2 with anti-A1 that causes agglutination
Resolution: Test patient cells with anti-A1 lectin and patient serum with A2 cells

Case 4
Report result as normal.

Case 5
Problem: No reaction in forward grouping.
Causes: Group 2 Discrepancies. It may be due to A subgroup
Resolution: Extend incubation time to enhance reaction. Test with polyclonal or monoclonal blend of anti-A, and anti-B

Case 6
Problem: Unexpected reaction in forward grouping as anti-B shows weak mixed field reaction
Causes: Group 4 Discrepancies. This may be due to transfusion of group O cells
Resolution: Check medical history of patient and find out patient's ABO type prior to transfusion

Case 7
Problem: Normal but weak reaction
Causes: Technical problem or blood sample problem
Resolution: Redo test and check

Case 8
Problem: Unexpected reaction in reverse grouping as B cells show weak reaction.
Causes: Group 4 Discrepancies. It may be due to presence of cold alloantibody or autoantibody
Resolution: Screen for antibodies using Screening Cells and an autocontrol

Case 9
Problem: No reaction in reverse grouping of group O individual
Causes: Group 1 Discrepancies. Age related or weakened immune system
Resolution: Incubate at room temperature 15-30 minutes and respin. Check patient history.

PANG KANG LIAOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO GO HOME

# data[].attributes.body
Case:1
Problem: Reverse grouping B-cells result is abnormal as it shows weak reaction. Should be a strong agglutination but results shows 1+ only.
Causes: Group 1. Lack or weak reaction of antibody.
Resolution:Incubate patient's serum with reagent B at room temperature.

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 1
Problem:  weaken reaction in reverse grouping

Causes: has depressed antibody production

Resolution: incubate patient serum with reagent B cells at room temperature for 15-30 min.

# data[].attributes.body
Case: 1
Problem: Due to the weak reaction at the reverse grouping.
Causes: Group 1 Discrepancies. It is may be due to  lack of antibodies.

Resolution: Incubated the patient serum with the reagent A1 and B cells at room temperature for 15 to 30 min. If no reaction, serum-cell mixtures can be incubated at 4 degree celcies for 15-30 min.

Case: 2
Problem: Due to the weak reaction at the forward grouping and unexpected reactions in the forward grouping.
Causes: Group 2 Discrepancies. it may be due to the extra of the antigens. Besides, it may also be having subgroup  B or may be acquired phenomenon
Resolution: Incubated the patient serum with the reagent A1 and B cells at room temperature for 15 to 30 min. If no reaction, serum-cell mixtures can be incubated at 4 degree celcies for 15-30 min.

Case: 3

Problem: Due to pseudo agglutination which is the problem occur in the forward and reverse grouping.

Causes: Group 2 Discrepancies. It may be causes by subgroup A and unexpected cold antibodies to antigen on reagent A1 cells  formation
Resolution: Test the patient cells with A1 lectin and patient serum test with A2 cells and unexpected cold antibody would be detect ed in the antibody screening

Case: 4
Problem: Normal
Causes: No causes
Resolution: No resolution

Case: 5
Problem: The anti-A does not clot. It may be weak reaction in forward grouping. There is lack of the antigen
Causes: Group 2 Discrepancies. It may be due to subgroup A.
Resolution:  Test with the polyclonal or monoclonal belnd of anti-A and the anti-B

Case: 6
Problem: unexpected reaction in the forward grouping because the anti-B show clot in the reactions
Causes: Group 2 Discrepancies. It may be cause by the leukemia
Resolution: check for recent transfusion or recent bone marrow transplantation.

Case: 7
Problem: Normal
Causes: No causes
Resolution:  No resolution

Case: 8
Problem: Forward shows AB individual. reverse show weaker extra reaction with B cells
Causes: Group 4 Discrepancies. It may cause by autoantibody or alloantibody
Resolution: Screen for antibodies using Screening Cells and an autocontrol

Case: 9
Problem: Reverse grouping, missing patient antibody
Causes: Age related or weakened immune system
Resolution: Incubate at room temperature 15-30 minutes and respin. Check patient history.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1
Problem: weaken reaction in reverse grouping
Causes: Has depressed antibody production (group 1)
Resolution: Enhance the weak or missing reaction in the serum by incubating the patient serum with reagent A1 and B cells at room temperature for 15-30minutes.

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1.
Case- Group 1 Discrepancies
Problem- Weak reactivity with B cells
Causes- Weakly reactivity of antibody
Resolution- Incubate in 37°c, If negative incubate at 4°c

Case 2
Case- Group 2 Discrepancies
Problem- Weakly reactivity with Anti B
Causes- Due to missing antigen, or acquired B phenomenon
Resolution-
●Acetic Anhydrate to decrease the reactivity of acquired B
●Incubate in 37°c for 30 minutes. If negative, incubate in 4

Case 3
Case- Group 3 Discrepancies
Problem- Pseudoagglutination
Causes- Rouleax formation (coin stacking red cells)
Resolution- Wash with saline 3 times to disperse the red cells

Case 4
Case- No discrepancies
Problem- No problem
Causes- No causes
Resolution- Patient is normal

Case 5
Case- Group 2 Discrepancies
Problem- No agglutination on Anti A
Causes- Absence of A antigen
Resolution- Need to do screening once again

Case 6
Case- Group 2 Discrepancies
Problem- Mixed field
Causes- Subgroup of B
Resolution- Incubate with B1 cells at 37°c

Case 7
Case- No case
Problem- Normal patient
Causes-
Resolution-

Case 8
Case- Group 4 Discrepancies
Problem- Weak agglutination of B cells
Causes- Cold antibody or alloantibody
Resolution- Go for antibody screening

Case 9
Case- Group 1 Discrepancy
Problem- No reaction at reverse grouping
Causes- Undergoing bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy (antibody supression)
Resolution- Incubate at room temperature for 15-30 minutes

# data[].attributes.body
Case 1
Problem: Due to weaken reaction or missing antibody of the reverse grouping (B cells)
Causes: Caused by Group 1 discrepancies which is lack of antibody (Age related or weakened immune system)
Resolution: To enhance the weak or missing reaction in the serum by incubating the patient serum with reagent A1 and B cells at room temperature for approximately 15-30minutes.
Case 2
Problem: Due to unexpected reaction or missing antibody in reverse grouping (Anti B)
Causes: Caused by Group 2 discrepancies which is lack of antigens.
Resolution: Patient history: bowel obstruction, carcinoma of colon or rectum
Case 3
Problem: Due to weaken forward with anti-A and 1+ reaction with A1cells
Causes: Subgroup of A which is A2 with anti-A1 & Due to unexpected cold reacting antibody to antigen on reagent A1 cells
Resolution: a) Test patient cells with anti-A1 lectin and patient's serum test with A2 cells
b)Unexpected cold antibody would be detected in the antibody screening
Case 4
Problem: Normal
Causes: -
Resolution:-
Case 5
Problem: Due to weak reaction in forward grouping. Absence of antigen in forward grouping
Causes: A subgroup
Resolution: To enhance the reaction by extending the incubation time
Case 6
Problem:Strength of anti-B is weaker than expected in reverse grouping
Causes:Group B individuals transfused with group O cells
Resolution: Is it any recent transfusion
Case 7
Problem: Due to weak reaction but normal
Causes: technical problem or blood samples
Resolution: Need to redo and check again
Case 8
Problem:
Causes:
Resolution:

# data[].attributes.body
Write your answer in this way:

Case:
Problem:

Causes:

Resolution: