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Bro wtf...

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fuck you mother fucker ill fuck your shit up mother fucker dont mother fucking say that word you cock sucker

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fuck you mother fucker ill fuck your shit up mother fucker dont mother fucking say that word you cock sucker

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h

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ger

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Is recycling a good topic?

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The amount of air pollution can be indicated by lichens. Lichens do not grow in polluted areas such as
roadsides, power plants and cities. Lichens are plants that grow on exposed surfaces of rocks and
tree barks. They have to be good at absorbing water and nutrients to grow there. Rainwater contains
just enough nutrients to keep them alive. Air pollutants dissolved in rainwater contain toxic chemicals
that can damage lichens and prevent them from growing. This makes them natural indicators of air
pollution. Some types of lichen can survive more pollution than others. Foliose are leafy, loosely
attached lobed lichens that can tolerate a small amount of air pollution. Crustose lichens are in the
form of a crust and can survive in more polluted air. In places where no lichens are growing it is often
a sign that the air is heavily polluted.(1) In this experiment, I will measure the abundance of lichen in
various areas. The experiment will take place in random locations around Luzern.

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How do plastic vs. paper bags negatively affect the ocean?

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Why do people recycle?

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Research question approved:
3/9/18
Procedures approved:
3/16/18
Data collection complete:
4/8/18
Poster submitted (hard deadline - no exceptions)
4/12/18

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Does the amount of light pollution in rural and urban areas effect the visibility of the night sky?

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6B Do people from different ages recycle because of the preservation of the environment for future generations or because of the economic benefit?

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6B Do people from different ages recycle because of the preservation of the environment for future generations or because of the economic benefit?

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Comparing the different environmental status of California and Colorado.

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How have the economic aspects of human lives been impacted by the effects of the California drought?

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How important do Tracy High School students find proper disposal of garbage and recycling?

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Do people understand the best method in trying to conserve energy to lower carbon emissions?

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In what ways does ocean pollution effect sea turtle's bodies?

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How aware are humans on the impact of pollution on coastal habitats?

# data[].attributes.body
How has recycling patterns changed as people have grown older?

# data[].attributes.body
Do the effects of lead solder on the environment compare to other types of solder in reference to lead poisoning?

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Does gender play a role in water usage measured by (showering tendencies) and thus contribute to global warming?

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How does ocean pollution effect sea turtles’ endangerment?

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What is the effect of salt water on the dray mass of vegetation?

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What effect does watering plants with water containing different pH levels have on their growth ?

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Group 4I
How does the mass of plants react to different levels of urbanization, when in similar climates?

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Is particle pollution worse in urban or rural areas?

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Is using artificial grass more beneficial towards water conservation than natural grass?

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How has San Joaquin's knowledge changed about their air pollution form 2010 to 2018?

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Are people aware of the impact honey bees have on our agriculture and food supply?

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Do people understand the effect of cotton manufacturing on the Earth's water budget?

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What is the impact of global warming on the climate of Tracy, California.

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The road to an imminent electric vehicle future has hit a speed bump - one made of cobalt.

An essential ingredient in lithium-ion batteries that power millions of smartphones as well as plug-in electric cars, cobalt is in heavy demand.

But just as the silverish-gray metal has established itself as a critical element in the growth of the market in electric vehicles (EVs), cobalt has also become a source of serious ethical and economic concerns.

Most notably, the majority of the world's cobalt production is concentrated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where in many cases children work in hazardous conditions mining the metal.

And once extracted, there are questions whether enough long-term supplies of cobalt can be established to fulfill the hopes of policymakers in places like California who want to transform the transportation system from gasoline-powered vehicles to EVs.

Supporters think the problems associated with the mining of cobalt can sort themselves out but even the most ardent acknowledge human rights as well as supply-chain issues need to be resolved.

For many consumers, the connection between cobalt and clean-car technology may come as a surprise.

"There's absolutely an educational process really that comes with all technology," said Blaine Townsend, senior vice president at the Foster City-based investment firm Bailard Wealth Management who has written about cobalt's supply chain problems.

"I think it's really difficult for the average consumer to understand all the science and the rare earth minerals that go into" the production of batteries for EVs, smartphones and computers.
Why cobalt is so important for EVs
The cathodes in lithium-ion batteries typically used in EVs are made of metal oxides that contain a combination of cobalt and other elements.

Cobalt helps the cathodes concentrate a lot of power in a confined space. Without the element's energy density, batteries in EVs without cobalt tend to perform worse.

It's harder to recycle electric car batteries than lead-acid batteries used in gasoline-powered vehicles because of the number of materials involved and differences in how manufacturers build them.

As the EV sector attempts to move from niche-market status to mainstream acceptance, cobalt demand is surging.

California policymakers have pushed zero-emissions vehicles as essential to meet the state's mandates to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Gov. Jerry Brown has set a target of 1.5 million clean-energy vehicles on California's roads by 2025. In his final State of the State address last month, Brown ratcheted the number even higher - to 5 million zero-emission vehicles by 2030.

The United Kingdom and France have announced plans to phase out gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles by 2040. All 16 states in Germany - home of Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi - passed a non-binding resolution to ban the sale of new gasoline and diesel vehicles by 2030.

While no date was set, a government official in China last year announced the country's intention to ban the sale of cars using fossil fuels. China represents the auto industry's largest market in the world, even bigger than the U.S.

Automakers are making their own moves.

Tesla has begun rolling out its Model 3, with a stripped-down base price of $35,000, marketed as an EV for the masses.

Traditional carmakers have also made commitments, including:

Less than 1 percent of U.S. motorists own an electric vehicle but a 2017 report from the financial giant Morgan Stanley projected as many as 1 billion electric vehicles could be on the road worldwide by 2050.

Anticipating a flood in global sales of EVs, the demand for cobalt used in electric car batteries is expected to increase by nearly eight-fold by 2026.

The production of cobalt has quadrupled since 2000 but the price of the metal has skyrocketed, too - up more than 230 percent since the end of 2015.
Cobalt and the Congo
The vast majority of cobalt is a byproduct from the mining of nickel and copper and 54 percent of the world's supply comes from one country - the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The Congo has suffered through two extremely violent civil wars in its relatively short history. The rule of law is haphazard and institutions are often riven with corruption. The country's presidential election is set for December, two years later than scheduled.

Mining is a linchpin of the economy but the work is often dangerous. Freelancers, known by the French word creuseurs. use picks and shovels to dig up cobalt and child labor is common.

A 2016 report from Amnesty International cited estimates from UNICEF that about 40,000 boys and girls work in mines across the Congo, many of them at cobalt sites.

As with adult miners, the children are exposed to high levels of cobalt and work without gloves or masks, the report said.

Tesla has pledged to not take cobalt from child labor or creuseurs but it's hard to track the metal's origination once it has reached the end of the supply chain.

"It could come from 50 small suppliers to a middleman," Townsend said. "That middleman and five other middlemen ship what they've got to a smelter in China and western companies have to buy from that smelter. So it's really difficult to trace it."

With an eye on its growing assembly lines of EVs, China has moved quickly to gobble up stocks of cobalt. According to the CRU Group, a mineral consultancy, China controls 62 percent of the world's cobalt supply, with 90 percent of that coming from the Congo.

That's left North American and European carmakers scrambling to sign contracts to ensure their own supplies of the raw materials needed for battery minerals.

It's also led to searches for cobalt in other places. Canada is the fourth-largest producer of cobalt and miners in provinces from Ontario to the Northwest Territories are looking at potential sites to develop.

Cobalt production in the U.S. is small - just 650 metric tons were produced in 2017, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. The Congo, by comparison, produced 64,000 metric tons. Russia finished in second place with 5,600 metric tons.
Cutting the cobalt cord?
A number of chemical companies and researchers are working on batteries for EVs that rely less on cobalt.

Two South Korean companies plan to roll out batteries that are eight parts nickel and just one part cobalt and one part manganese.

But earlier this month, the chief executive at a Belgium-based multinational that produces cathodes for EV batteries said cobalt will still be needed for the foreseeable future.

"There isn't a better element than nickel to increase energy density, and there isn't a better element than cobalt to make the stuff stable," Marc Grynberg, the chief executive at Umicore, told Reuters. "So (while) you hear about designing out cobalt, this is not going to happen in the next three decades. It simply doesn't work."

At the same time, Grynberg and others think concerns about cobalt supplies can be eased by finding a more efficient way to recycle smartphones. There are an estimated 1.6 billion discarded phones across the globe with batteries that include cobalt.

Analysis from researchers at MIT have predicted that while there may be some bottlenecks in the supply chain, no serious obstacles are in place for the next 15 yearsto blunt rising demand.

"I think what will happen is the lithium-ion battery is probably going to be a transitional power source," said Townsend, "and scientists are going to figure out a different chemical composition to power the electric vehicles that has less risk from the supply chain standpoint."

Others are less sanguine.

"Until there's a replacement material that can hold a charge and create a charge we've got a problem," said Lauren Fix, the executive director of The Car Coach, an automotive expert based in New York City who is critical of EVs.

"Tesla, GM or anyone else is going to have to raise the price of the vehicle to try to compensate for the increased costs" associated with rising demand and finite supplies, Fix said. "Combustion engines are not dead and the reason for that is we have a shortage of cobalt and this is pretty serious."
Trying to make a deal
A number of automakers who have made commitments to build more EVs have put out requests to secure long-term cobalt supplies from international mining companies .

BMW, for example, is looking to ensure 10 years of supply.

K.C. Chang, a senior economist who focuses on commodities at the international research consultancy firm IHS Markit, said the negotiations will offer a good indication where the EV industry is heading.

"At the moment, the key negotiating points are the price as well as how much they can secure," Chang said in a telephone interview from his office in Toronto. "You're sourcing a very challenging mineral to find. So if it's difficult to find and it's very expensive, then it's also hard to build more electric vehicles."

If the negotiated prices are too high or supplies too tight, Chang said it will give automakers greater incentive to try to find alternative materials for batteries.

"I think electric vehicles have a bright future," Chang said. "It's just a question of how many more vehicles are going to be appearing on the road in the next decade."

IHS Markit projects 94 million vehicles will be sold globally this year, with EVs accounting for 4 million (about 4 percent).
rob.nikolewski@sduniontribune.com (619) 293-1251 Twitter: @robnikolewski ALSO Bill introduced to eliminate gasoline-powered cars in California by 2040 Auto sales: Trucks now more popular than cars in San Diego County San Diego waits to drive into the hydrogen fuel cell fast lane

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The electric vehicle revolution has a cobalt problem

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The road to an imminent electric vehicle future has hit a speed bump - one made of cobalt. An essential ingredient in lithium-ion batteries that power millions of smartphones as well as plug-in electric cars, cobalt is in heavy demand.

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*Influence of an antibiotic factor on plant growth.
*Acid rain
*Air pollution
*Water pollution
*Carbon emissions
*Decomposition
*Energy in a food and global hunger
*Ground level ozone using ecobadges
*Honey bees - influences, changes in populations, etc.
*Salinity in the delta
*Soil pollution sources
*Climate change - attitudes, life style choices, human influences

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Group 4d: Sahill Helmandi Jacob peralta 

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Group 4d: Sahill Helmandi Jacob peralta 

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How does hunting affect the environment?

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How do organized running events impact the environment?

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How have habitats changed in the San Joaquin valley?

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What is the impact of the Pacific Garbage patch on the inhabiting marine life?

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Which coastal city has the worse air pollution: Los Angeles or New York City?

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Public opinion on converting from gas to electric, hydrogen, or water power and whether or not gender plays a role in opinions.