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In early 1965, gay's men were sent to UMAP in work battalions or to do military services, lead to criticism in Cuba by 1967.

By 1971, government describes same-sex relations as unlike with revolution.

Eventually, gay and lesbian were expelled from Communism Party and even some artists or teachers lost their jobs.

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Life expectancy increased.

Castros image locally and internationally had a positive increase.

Castros legitimacy was positvely influenced in the eyes of lower class citizens since his policies were successful and helpful.

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Actions: repealed discriminatory laws

Intentions: Improved the treatment of black people, changing social policies

Increase the opportunities for top political jobs

Outcome: living standard improved for Cuba's Black and mixed race community (very poor previously)

More support for Castro

Success: it provided a more equal society, eliminating legal descriminations, and Castro gained an increase in support

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One of the most impressive Castro’s achievements

1960 speech in UN-> revolutionary will end illiteracy within a year

1961 “Year of Education”

Primary Education

Took all private and Church schools

Recruiting of student teachers(most were teenagers)-> taught over 1 million to read and write

Over 300,000 children attended school for the first time

Free education to all ( with the assistance of Soviets)

Higher Education

Bias toward technical education -> Engineering prioritized over humanities and the liberal arts

Academic study over social sciences was neglected

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By 1960, media came under government control, media cannot relate to policy criticism.

However, through boundaries there was freedom of expression and supporters of revolution could do publication in art,

Obviously opponents was not published. Through art they could write about culture only with revolution movement.

By 1975, new ministry of culture began promote a more liberal views. In 1977, CNES was founded willingly by Cuban's Women's Federation these parties lead to changes in attitudes and laws.

Nowadays, same-sex relations are not illegal in Cuba, but in early's 2000's any gay/lesbians organisations and publications were banned.

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Intentions- Improve Cuban's health care

Actions- Helath care services were quickly established as a right of every Cuban citizen.System of free health care was expanded.

Consequences- It wasn't really succesful plan, because various political disrupted the expansion of medical services.Everything was OK in Havana, the capital of Cuba,but in the counryside nothing really changed.The amount of doctors was quite low.However ,there were some positive changes.

It strenghten Castro's position as even mortality rate had fallen to 18.5 per 1000

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Women were guaranteed equal pay and employment opportunities

Women not allowed in higher paying jobs ( mining, fishing) due to health risks. Most took teaching jobs

Highest school enrollment of girls ( 60% of university students)

47% of professors are women

1960- FMC ( Federation of Cuban Women) established. Helped develop the 1975 Family Code

1965- "New Man" policy

1975- Family Code ( equal spouse status)

Machismo was still prominent. Many women were still responsible for household work

Women made up a smaller portion of PCC (19% in 1980's). Did not hold any positions in the Council of State or the PCC Secretariat

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Intentions - redistribution of wealth, ending unemployment

Actions- providing jobs for those who are able to work, prices were kept low, improved living standards for the rural poor.

Outcome - major increase in employment, better living conditions.

This was a huge success on behalf on Castro, that won the support of most cubans, since only benefits came from Castros policies

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What purpose served the constitutional changes?

What do the developments reveal about Castro's regime?

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List his actions

His intentions

The outcome/consequences

Success or failure - explain why

How did the action impact Castro's position?