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For the essay questions, is it a choice of 2 out 4 or 2 out of 3?

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For the essay questions, is it a choice of 2 out 4 or 2 out of 3?

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Ans: Please see the example exam

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Do we need to remember the international normalise ratio equation? Or just how it is used? 

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Do we need to remember the international normalise ratio equation? Or just how it is used? 

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Ans: you need to know what it is and how it might be used

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In how much detail do we need to learn CML

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In how much detail do we need to learn CML

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Ans:  You should learn the module content - I cannot tell you what to revise i.e what is on the exam.

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As hemolytic anaemia was heavily covered in the coursework, will it still be on the exam?

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As hemolytic anaemia was heavily covered in the coursework, will it still be on the exam?

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Ans:  Any topic may come up in some form on the exam.

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This is irrelevant but myself and other colleagues have been emailing Dr Louise about pharmacology results and no answer, we aware that she's been unwell before Christmas but any idea when our results will be released?

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This is irrelevant but myself and other colleagues have been emailing Dr Louise about pharmacology results and no answer, we aware that she's been unwell before Christmas but any idea when our results will be released?

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Ans: I will try and look into this for you AMH

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Just to clarify in terms of case studies should we practice the ones in the lectures? So in malignancy and anaemia lectures 

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Just to clarify in terms of case studies should we practice the ones in the lectures? So in malignancy and anaemia lectures 

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Same for clinical biochemistry

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do we need to learn co-ag cascade, the picture in lecture 1 of co-ag, slide 30? 

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do we need to learn co-ag cascade, the picture in lecture 1 of co-ag, slide 30? 

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IAns:  have spoken about this on several occasions in the lectures and revision session, if you were there you would know the answer to this. You will not be asked to draw this out, but you should know the key ideas and steps.

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is there a link between megaloblastic anaemia and acute leukaemia? thankyou

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is there a link between megaloblastic anaemia and acute leukaemia? thankyou

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Ans: Not particularly that I am aware of. Some aspects of the presentation may be  similar but I am not aware of a specific pathological link

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What do we need to know about leukemia classification?  

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What do we need to know about leukemia classification?  

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Ans: You need to know the WHO and FAB systems  what is the difference between them. As I have pointed out several times now, this was an area where some additional (brief) reading was essential - and is on BB

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In the case study from malignancy 3, the child peter is diagnosed with ALL, but has a low WBC count. Shouldn't it be high in ALL? Why is it low? Why haven't the blast cells left the BM and flooded peripheral blood?

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In the case study from malignancy 3, the child peter is diagnosed with ALL, but has a low WBC count. Shouldn't it be high in ALL? Why is it low? Why haven't the blast cells left the BM and flooded peripheral blood?

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Ans: This is a good question. WCC can be variable in many forms of leukaemia. There does not seem to be a specific consensus on when it is high or low. Levels of functional white cells are going to be low. Sometimes blast cells are seen in the peripheral blood film so clearly they can spill over, but whether they do this may well depend on the cell type affected and the stage of differentiation it reaches (i.e. related to the specific defect causing the leukaemia)- they may never reach a stage that would signal readiness to leave the marrow but are still impeding formation of new cells.

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How do you tell from a FBC whether a patient has AML or ALL 

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How do you tell from a FBC whether a patient has AML or ALL 

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Ans: You can't really. At the very least you would need a blood film as well.

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For immunology could you plz post essay style question as promised in revision

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is pro-coagulation involve the primary mechanism and anti involves all factors and TF ?

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is pro-coagulation involve the primary mechanism and anti involves all factors and TF ?

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Ans: I do not understand this question, please rephrase

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for the second coagulation lecture should we remember all tests and disorders or what are the key area

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for the second coagulation lecture should we remember all tests and disorders or what are the key area

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Ans: I cannot tell you what to learn or not. All content is important.

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What are the objectives for the transfusion lecutre? Do we need to know in detail how different products for transition are made/stored and When they are used?

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What are the objectives for the transfusion lecutre? Do we need to know in detail how different products for transition are made/stored and When they are used?

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Ans: The key points of the lecture are the products available and what they might be used for and also the hazards associated with transfusion

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Case study in coagulation lecture, could the exam have thee sorts of case studies 

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Case study in coagulation lecture, could the exam have thee sorts of case studies 

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Ans: The case study on the exam could be from any area of the haematology or clinical biochemistry

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In Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura why does the increased destruction of platelets in the spleen not lead to splenomegaly? 

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In Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura why does the increased destruction of platelets in the spleen not lead to splenomegaly? 

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Ans:  Most literature simply tells us that there is no splenomegaly (and in fact if there is splenomegaly a different cause should be looked for). There is little explanation as to why, however, it is mainly when the spleen is overworked destroying red cells that splenomegaly is seen.

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Do we need to know the names of all drugs given in ALL  and how they administered 

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Do we need to know the names of all drugs given in ALL  and how they administered 

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Ans: we did not cover how they were administered particularly. Examples of names would be fine

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In ALL and AML are we meant to know all different name of genetic abnormalities ? Also the case study examples give at 3rd malignancy lecture could they be similar to the exam question? as they very complicated 

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In ALL and AML are we meant to know all different name of genetic abnormalities ? Also the case study examples give at 3rd malignancy lecture could they be similar to the exam question? as they very complicated 

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Ans: please see answers to related questions

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In Leukaemia, there are many names of conditions do we need to know all eg cause of leukaemia if inherited should we remember all examples of condition given?  

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In Leukaemia, there are many names of conditions do we need to know all eg cause of leukaemia if inherited should we remember all examples of condition given?  

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Ans:  This is not really very clear, I can only reiterate that all content is relevant, including any specified reading such as leukaemia classification and (on a different topic) the SHOT report

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Will you be putting up examples of good and bad written essays for
past essay questions.

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Blood Transfusion lecture do we need to know the process of each and their shelf life?

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Blood Transfusion lecture do we need to know the process of each and their shelf life?

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You need to be able to give an overview at least

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do we need to know in full details different between intravascular and extravascular haemolytic anaemia 

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do we need to know in full details different between intravascular and extravascular haemolytic anaemia 

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Ans:Yes

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In haemolytic anaemia iron level is low in intravascular but high in extravascular why? is it due to loss in urine?

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In haemolytic anaemia iron level is low in intravascular but high in extravascular why? is it due to loss in urine?

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Ans: given elsewhere on this wall

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What test can be carried to differentiate b12 deficiency from folate deficiency

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What test can be carried to differentiate b12 deficiency from folate deficiency

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Ans: Simplest  are measurement of serum B12 and serum or red cell folate

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In iron deficiency anaemia what test is done to bone marrow ? is it Bone marrow aspiration and if so is this to determine the cause of anaemia 

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In iron deficiency anaemia what test is done to bone marrow ? is it Bone marrow aspiration and if so is this to determine the cause of anaemia 

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Ans: It would probably be unusual to do this to diagnose iron deficiency although it is the gold standard , this will show a lack of stored iron if there is deficiency.

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Haematology of iron deficiency are we meant to know the normal ranges? eg normal reticulocyte count number

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Haematology of iron deficiency are we meant to know the normal ranges? eg normal reticulocyte count number

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Ans: As explained in the lectures and revision sessions, you are not expected to have learnt the reference ranges, if these are relevant to a question you will be given the appropriate values

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Investigation of iron deficiency, what are the limitation? is iron serum not reliable because concentration of iron can be normal even in case of anaemia?

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Investigation of iron deficiency, what are the limitation? is iron serum not reliable because concentration of iron can be normal even in case of anaemia?

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Ans: Normally less than 1% of the total body iron is measureable as serum iron - therefore it gives a poor representation  of the total body stores

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How important is the treatment for the leukemia lecture? or is diagnosis the main focus of that lecture? 

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How important is the treatment for the leukemia lecture? or is diagnosis the main focus of that lecture? 

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Ans: All material is relevant, I cannot tell you what to revise or what will be on the exam

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In terms of anaemia investigation what tests are done?

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In terms of anaemia investigation what tests are done?

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1) Haemocrit- looking at % of RBC
2)FBC looking at MCV and size of RBC
3) concentration of haemoglobin
4) Reticulocyte Count to see the causes of anaemia wheather detruction of lack of production of RBC
I am I in the right track?

Ans: Not quite sure exactly what you are asking here, but these are relevant tests in the investigation of anaemia yes.

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Is the diagram of gene regulation to Iron is a must to learn? I am struggling to understand the process 

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Is the diagram of gene regulation to Iron is a must to learn? I am struggling to understand the process 

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You need to understand the concepts of how iron is regulated. Whether that is by this diagram or others does not matter(there are many ways that this is explained in different sources so try another haematology book perhaps)

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Can we please have the revision slides posted 

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Can we please have the revision slides posted 

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when will student with extension get their marks? Interms of case study in the exams will it be as complicated as the coursework? can we have some examples please

Ans: Examples of the case studies have been provided and again as has been stated in sessions, will not be as involved as the coursework

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Can I define anaemia as a reduction of number of RBC leading to reduction in O2 delivered to tissues?

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Can I define anaemia as a reduction of number of RBC leading to reduction in O2 delivered to tissues?

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Ans:Yes

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I'm worried about the case study on the exam. will it be obvious what the condition is?

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I'm worried about the case study on the exam. will it be obvious what the condition is?

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Ans: As explained in sessions the case study on the exam will be much simplified compared to the coursework. You have example to look at and we will put more up during this week.

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Could you put up the example questions from the revision session please 

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Could you put up the example questions from the revision session please 

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Do we need to learn all the different types of translocations you have mentioned in lectures or can we describe a few? Also do we need to know the prognosis of each of these? 

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Do we need to learn all the different types of translocations you have mentioned in lectures or can we describe a few? Also do we need to know the prognosis of each of these? 

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Ans: As stated in lectures you do not need to learn all translocations, however, being able to give some examples may be useful

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Why are iron levels low in intravascular haemolytic anaemia but high in extravascular haemolytic anaemia?

Ans: in intravascular haemolysis some iron may be lost as haemoglobin in the urine. In extravascular the iron is normally retrieved and recycled as per the normal process

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Could you please put up the slides from the revision session? Thanks

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Could you please put up the slides from the revision session? Thanks

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can you please put the reveision questions up

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can you please put the reveision questions up

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Answer Yes, please see the example paper for this. I will try to put up more examples over Christmas

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Why are megaloblastic anemia characteristic of large cells? Why do they have a mature cytoplasm and absent nucleus? 

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Why are megaloblastic anemia characteristic of large cells? Why do they have a mature cytoplasm and absent nucleus? 

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Answer The deficiency of folate and or B12 interferes with nucleotide base synthesis, this means that nuclear and cytpoplasmic development get out of step and the cell undergoes slightly fewer divisions

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Do we need to know the cycling of folic acid between the various co enzymes forms ? 

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Do we need to know the cycling of folic acid between the various co enzymes forms ? 

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Answer Do you mean between DHF/THF etc? if so then this is not a vital piece of information. You need to know why folate is important

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If we go over the lectures 1-60, we'd most likely forget the first lecture by the time we finish. What is your take on the most effective approach to both digest and understand the overarching concepts, so that we can best prepare ourselves for the exam?
Answer revision is an ongoing process, I hope that you are already clear on material from the early lectures in the module - I am not sure what you mean by 1-60 here. However, there are various strategies to help information to stick - test yourself, talk and explain things to others, practice writing answers (you can make your own questions up to test yourself on areas you find difficult), use diagrams or flow charts for key ideas and processes. There is no more content  here than in any other 20 credit module you have revised for so what worked in the past should work here. Also there is Study Support available within the university

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Why are cells smaller in iron deficiency? 

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Why are cells smaller in iron deficiency? 

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Answer The concentration of haemoglobin is one of the factors in determining how many time the cells will divide. When this has reached a threshold concentration no further division takes place. In iron deficiency it takes longer to reach this thus the cell can udnergo a few more divisions

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How is iron absorption regulated by gene expression of hepcidin and ferritin?

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How is iron absorption regulated by gene expression of hepcidin and ferritin?

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Answered elsewhere on this wall

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How is iron absorption regulated by gene expression of ferritin and hepcidin? 

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How is iron absorption regulated by gene expression of ferritin and hepcidin? 

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Answer Hepcidin is expressed  in response to iron stores (as well as some other factors), when expressed it reduces absorption of iron by removing ferroportin from the membrane. Ferritin is expresed when there is iron to store - it is a storage protein not a transport or abosrption protein. A paper on this was recommended in the lecture slides

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Is section A mainly on thehaematology lectures? can you supply us with more exam style questions due to the exam paper changing this year?
Section A will be a case study. I will put more information on this in the Assessment section. We will put a few more examples up

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Will the main focus for the heamtology section of the exam be on the type of anemia (not specifically, but the broad category under which it falls) covered in the coursework?
Answer The haematology questions on the exam could cover any of the haematology content

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Microcytic RBSs are due to the excess division of the RBC precurser cells. But why does this happen in iron defficiency?
Answer Please see the answer to the same question next door