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•Space and Time: strange places (very wild or remote landscapes, imprisoning places); relationship between the modern world and the past
•Power: vero powerfull (supernaturally powerfull or obscenely powerfull); explore the human's limits
•Sexual power: perverse, weird and dangerous kind of sexuality; incest, sex desire, violence, abduction, rape
•Sublime: isn't armonious, is often terrifing; religious crisis; gothic si The center
•The uncanny: comes from Sigmund Freud;
•Crisis: gothic novel increase whit The social crisis; trybto explain some change (French Revolution, The Church Of England)
•The supernatural and the real: 2 tipe of supernatural (in the first you have to believe in it; in the second is give a natural explanation)

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In a first time, the term “Gothic” was mainly used to describe architectures: Horace Wapole has been the first one who used this word in literary terms with “The castle of Otranto”, written in 1764.

The settings of the Gothic novel are always strange places, wild and imprisoning (one example of imprisonment can be Dracula). Typical of gothic fiction is also the contraposition of the modern word to a most ancient time. One of the most powerful motives is the ghost: one you think is dead but comes back to life in the present.

There are always beings with supernatural power in this novels: so that we can understand the limits of what is to be human, driven by forces which compel you to do things you don’t want to do. We have also the occasion to explore the condition of women: they are always vulnerable and risk their life.

This type of write is also full of perverse and we have a dangerous kind of sexuality.

To the Gothic novel is linked the idea of sublime, which is not balanced and beautiful, but terrifying and overwhelming.

The Gothic is fascinated by the supernatural, by the way, we have also novels in which the supernatural is explained on a natural way, so that they are more realistic.

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-strange places (wild and remote landscapes/imprisoning places)
-relationship between the modern world and the past (sudden juxtaposition -> the past deranges the present)
-power (represented by supernatural powerful figures or vurnerable people) is used to  explore human limits (humans can be driven by internal/external forces that compel them to do things they don't want to do)
-sexual power: perverse, weird and dangerous sexuality (incest, same sex desire, violence, abduction, rape)
-the uncanny is described as something new that takes us back to something in our past ( also psychological) and is represented by figures that look human, but are not.
-the sublime -> terrifying, awesome and overwhelming experiences as the opposite of what it is normally considered beautiful and harmonious.

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The adjective 'Gothic' was first applied to architetture long before it connoted literature.
It gained popularity at the end of the 18th century

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•2 tipes of ghotic novel - rational or fantastic
•complex plots
•set in isolated areas and in dark nights

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•There are 2 types of Gothic novel: the supernarural one and the realistic/naturalistic one.
•Uncanny
•the past is connected to the present by historical events
•there is a great importance given to terror and horror
•novels are influenced by the historical events of the 18th and 19th centuary

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-Gothic literature is influenced by architecture
-2 types of Gothic Novel: the supernatural one and one that gives a realistic explanation of the supernatural events
-novels are influenced by the historical events of the 18th and 19th century

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The two types of sublime consist in: a realistic style and a style that is focalized on power, in particular sexual power. Everything is focalized on uncanny features.