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Ethical dilemma of religious tourism                                    “It is generally assumed that religious tourism trips should take place in an atmosphere of ecumenism or religious tolerance.”  “The behaviors of tourists that offend feelings of people of other religions can be classified as unethical and, in some religious circles, even immoral.”  (Buczkowska, K., 2012, 83)                          Kimiko Ito

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Ethical dilemma of religious tourism                                    “It is generally assumed that religious tourism trips should take place in an atmosphere of ecumenism or religious tolerance.”  “The behaviors of tourists that offend feelings of people of other religions can be classified as unethical and, in some religious circles, even immoral.”  (Buczkowska, K., 2012, 83)                          Kimiko Ito

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This looks specifically at Auschwitz and how the camps have been made into more of an attraction than a historical devastation.
" Much of the tour taken by the visiting public has been constructed to maximize audience engagement. For example, the famous gate with signage above reading ‘Arbeit Macht Frei’ (Work will set you free) has been imported from its original position to a location near the end of the tour to create a ‘high’ (or perhaps low) point and a controversial conclusion to the ‘experience’. Other artefacts and structures have been imported from various peripheral sections of the camp and set out in such a way as to create a ‘chronologically correct’ tour amounting to a slow crescendo of increasingly stark interpretation from start to finish. "
(Wright, 2005)  Journal of Vacation Marketing.

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Ethical tourism has evolved as a term when one considers travelling to, or developing tourism in a destination where ethical issues are the key driver, e.g. social injustice, human rights, animal welfare or the environment (Travel matters, 2017).

Exploitation of women

According to the International Labour Organisation, women make up 70% of the labour force in tourism industry and half are under 25 years of age. Yet women are often the most undervalued, underpaid exploited workers within the tourism industry. Women are often excluded from decision-making and see less of the tourism’s benefits. They are more vulnerable to exploitation from sex tourism, fuelled by poverty and unequal power relations.Women also play an important economic role in fishing communities in South India and Sri Lanka, which includes drying and selling the fish, so are also directly impacted when fishing activities are disrupted by tourism development. Research by Tourism Concern has shown that forced displacement and loss of livelihood due to tourism development in these areas has caused disenfranchised fishermen to turn to drink, which is often a forerunner to domestic violence against women and children, and even abandonment (Tourism Concern, 2014).

Simron Gurung

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Often there is a lot of negative behaviors from tourists which can be classed as unethical. Sometimes western tourists visit 'exotic' locations and most native or indigenous to the land have to adapt their culture to fit in with the Western way of living. Most natives have to adapt themselves to be able to sell themselves to the number of tourists flooding in.

Many tourists feel superior to the native population of the exotic destination. Tourists are seen to have an upper power in the form of money. Many natives feel pressured to make money from the tourists. But tourists also find a way to make money off the natives.
(Buczkowska & Malchrowciz-Mosko, 2012)

Posted By - Lucy Cooper

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Child Rights Impacts in Travel and Tourism

The tourism industry has huge potential to positively impact children’s rights. That the sector accounts for one in every eleven jobs is just one reason why tourism features in three of the new Sustainable Development Goals, the success of which will determine outcomes for children all around the world from now until 2030. To truly achieve the potential of the sector, a concerted effort by companies is needed to understand how children living in tourist destinations are affected – positively and negatively – by their business operations and supply chains.

There have been considerable efforts globally in regards to child sexual exploitation in the context of tourism. However, continued vigilance is needed for mitigation measures by companies, such as staff codes of conduct and training staff, and more attention is needed to child safeguarding measures related to direct staff conduct. Importantly, recognition of a broader range of impacts of the tourism sector on child rights is growing.

(Tourism Concern, 2016)
Hayley Ramsay

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 Spanish Feria de Abril festival, which has been traditionally held in Seville for more than 700 years, now takes place also in Palma de Mallorca, and a great holiday of Valencia - Las Fallas - has spread recently to the entire autonomous community and is now celebrated in 76 towns in the region. And it seems obvious that tourists’ interest in the feast had the significant impact on this state of affairs. Not only the massive spread of the fiestas is the problem, it is also a fact that the traditional festivals often take place on their respective dates. For example, the Spanish celebrations in honor of the Saint Fermina in Pamplona (including, among others, people getting chased by bulls along the streets of the town) were transferred for the summer months because then it is high tourist season in Spain – so the fiesta has more observers. Therefore the feast of purely religious character evolved into a tourist attraction. Increasingly, events also take the most magnificent form - their programmes include elements, rituals, attractions which originally had little in common 

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 Spanish Feria de Abril festival, which has been traditionally held in Seville for more than 700 years, now takes place also in Palma de Mallorca, and a great holiday of Valencia - Las Fallas - has spread recently to the entire autonomous community and is now celebrated in 76 towns in the region. And it seems obvious that tourists’ interest in the feast had the significant impact on this state of affairs. Not only the massive spread of the fiestas is the problem, it is also a fact that the traditional festivals often take place on their respective dates. For example, the Spanish celebrations in honor of the Saint Fermina in Pamplona (including, among others, people getting chased by bulls along the streets of the town) were transferred for the summer months because then it is high tourist season in Spain – so the fiesta has more observers. Therefore the feast of purely religious character evolved into a tourist attraction. Increasingly, events also take the most magnificent form - their programmes include elements, rituals, attractions which originally had little in common 

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(Ethical Dilemmas of Cultural Tourism, 2012)
Alex Jones

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Around the world, between 13 and 19 million people under the age of 18 work in an occupation tied to tourism, according to the ILO. This represents some 10-15% of the tourism workforce.

Every year, countless numbers of children are sexually abused by tourists. Child sex tourism is the commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism. It exists all over the world and is committed by both foreign and domestic tourists. Despite concerted international efforts to combat child sex tourism, it is an increasing phenomenon. The internet, low cost travel, border relaxations and visa free travel are making it more challenging to monitor and prevent. Meanwhile, endemic poverty in tourism destinations all over the world ensures that there will be people in positions of power willing to exploit vulnerable children.
(Tourism Concern, 2016)
Katie Orrell

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"As tourists seek new and ‘exotic’ locations, business operations expand, and often involve the acquisition of land for the construction of hotels or tourist attractions. Families and communities affected by land acquisitions in the name of tourism may have their livelihoods and property ownership rights undermined and can face difficult and unfair resettlement processes. Tourism development, including infrastructure growth, increased air traffic to a destination, insufficient sewage systems and the use of chemicals impacts the environment and basic services at the destination, and consequently the health of local families and their children."

(Tourism Concern, 2016)
Posted by: Maisie Fish

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As tourists, we are lucky to see and share experiences with people whose cultures, beliefs and world views differ from our own. New cultural experiences, including dress, food and festivities, are an essential ingredient of fulfilling travel for many of us. However, all too often, those very cultures that help to make our holidays so special are being violated and exploited.

A basic lack of cultural awareness about the places we go on holiday can lead us to cause inadvertent offence to local people. Topless sunbathing on beaches and scant clothing when visiting religious sites are examples of such violations of cultural norms.

In other instances, tribal villages become showcases for visiting tourists, with little benefits shared with the communities themselves. Cultural dances and artefacts become little more than commodities for tourists, often bought very cheaply and sold by middlemen and even mass produced in factories overseas. All of this can lead to feelings of frustration and resentment amongst local people towards tourists, undermining the positive experience that should come with equitable cultural exchange.

(Tourism concern, 2014)

Eliza ernando

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"As set out by the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the Children’s Rights and Business Principles, understanding such impacts involves engagement of human rights expertise and meaningful consultation with potentially affected groups. This means talking to the individuals and groups that represent children and even talking to children directly in some cases.There have been considerable efforts globally in regards to child sexual exploitation in the context of tourism. However, continued vigilance is needed for mitigation measures by companies, such as staff codes of conduct and training staff, and more attention is needed to child safeguarding measures related to direct staff conduct. Importantly, recognition of a broader range of impacts of the tourism sector on child rights is growing.Wage LevelsTourism employs over 100 million people worldwide and as many as 265 million people directly and indirectly. ILO highlights the prevalence of migrants and women in this workforce and that half are age 25 or under. But decent work provisions are a significant challenge and average wages in tourism rarely constitute a living wage, meaning that workers don’t earn enough to cover their own basic needs and that of their families. For children, this often means missing out on medical treatment or nutritious meals and can, in some cases, contribute to children looking for ways to support family income."

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"As set out by the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the Children’s Rights and Business Principles, understanding such impacts involves engagement of human rights expertise and meaningful consultation with potentially affected groups. This means talking to the individuals and groups that represent children and even talking to children directly in some cases.There have been considerable efforts globally in regards to child sexual exploitation in the context of tourism. However, continued vigilance is needed for mitigation measures by companies, such as staff codes of conduct and training staff, and more attention is needed to child safeguarding measures related to direct staff conduct. Importantly, recognition of a broader range of impacts of the tourism sector on child rights is growing.Wage LevelsTourism employs over 100 million people worldwide and as many as 265 million people directly and indirectly. ILO highlights the prevalence of migrants and women in this workforce and that half are age 25 or under. But decent work provisions are a significant challenge and average wages in tourism rarely constitute a living wage, meaning that workers don’t earn enough to cover their own basic needs and that of their families. For children, this often means missing out on medical treatment or nutritious meals and can, in some cases, contribute to children looking for ways to support family income."

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(tourismconcern, 2016)
Tatiana Pereira

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"Photographing becomes inherently selfish; acts by which tourists appropriate the object being photographed as they emphasise orrestrict visibility to satisfy subjective, ideological purpose (Sontag, 1979). In such interpretation, locals can become reduced to icons or objects; uncontroversialand readily recognisable (Human, 1999). The “aggression” and “aestheticising tendency”(Sontag, 1979) of photographic performances holds the potential to position locals as victims of the camera; compartmentalised articles of consumption promoted foraesthetic appreciation" (Scarles, 2013:3-4). 

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"Photographing becomes inherently selfish; acts by which tourists appropriate the object being photographed as they emphasise orrestrict visibility to satisfy subjective, ideological purpose (Sontag, 1979). In such interpretation, locals can become reduced to icons or objects; uncontroversialand readily recognisable (Human, 1999). The “aggression” and “aestheticising tendency”(Sontag, 1979) of photographic performances holds the potential to position locals as victims of the camera; compartmentalised articles of consumption promoted foraesthetic appreciation" (Scarles, 2013:3-4). 

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Elisa Burrai

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Tourism can have positive impacts on animals, however, if attractions are not carefully managed or don’t follow the correct practices there is a possibility that attractions of this type can put animal welfare at risk. (ABTA, 2017)
Saffron Carlill

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Identify an ethical dilemma from tourism in your post

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Identify an ethical dilemma from tourism in your post

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Volunteering abroad is very popular, many people spend a high amount of money to volunteer in third world countries because they think they are being helpful, however most of the time these actions can cause more harms. Volunteers take the jobs that locals could be doing and often communities do not entirely benefit from the money Volunteers pay to volunteer as most of it goes to tour operators.
(tourismconcern, 2016)