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Need a reason to learn sign language? Here's ten!

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A documentary about the life of a Deaf person in the loud city of Chicago.

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A few years ago, Naomi Caselli, a Boston University Deaf Studies researcher, stumbled upon her father's faded class picture from the 1960s. He stood in the back, a suited adolescent in a sea of elementary schoolchildren. Caselli assumed he was a teacher's aide.

He wasn't. Her father had been held back.

He had lagged behind his peers for a specific reason. Caselli's father, Raymond Kenney, is profoundly deaf in both ears. He was in a class for deaf and hard-of-hearing children, but they didn't teach sign language there. Instead, teachers spent years coaching him to speak using physical and visual cues. Over and over, they sounded out words like 'ball,' repeating 'bah-bah-bah' while holding his hand at their mouths to show him how to mimic the vibrations. "They really wanted him to speak," says Caselli.

By age eight, he knew a few basic words, but he could not speak in sentences and used made-up gestures to communicate with his family. He did learn to read, however, and excelled in math and science as a teen.

At age 19 at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf at the Rochester Institute of Technology, he got his first look at American Sign Language (ASL) in practice among other deaf students. "I was enthralled," says Kenney, who immersed himself in learning the language. "A lightbulb went on."

Today, he still struggles with reading and expressing himself in written English, frustrations that evoke his childhood, when his ability to communicate was so limited. "I'm still connecting to that anger," says Kenney, who is now a Certified Deaf Interpreter.

"He's a beautiful signer now," says Caselli, who is hearing but learned ASL alongside spoken English from birth. "But that's uncommon for people who've had a similar experience."

Today, ASL has been accepted as a full-fledged language with all of the complexity, structure, syntax, and storytelling found in spoken languages. Also, elementary and secondary school programs for the deaf teach and assess ASL proficiency using accepted measurement tools, some of which were developed at BU.

But language deprivation remains a real problem for deaf children. "Kids today are still having much the same experience that my dad did," says Caselli. "It is not a thing of the past."

The concern now among researchers like Caselli and Amy Lieberman, assistant professor of deaf studies in the BU School of Education, is what happens before school starts. Approximately 90 to 95 percent of deaf children are born to hearing parents who often don't know sign language and therefore will likely struggle to teach it before their children enter school. Even among school-aged deaf children, estimates based on data from a 2010 survey from Gallaudet University, which specializes in deaf education, suggest that at most 40 percent of families use sign language at home. Given this data, educators in the field worry that a majority of deaf children may be deprived of language.

Exposure to language from birth is essential for the development of thinking skills, according to a range of studies. Without access to language, children have a harder time in school. They also have more difficulty developing a sense of self and others. They even struggle with planning and time management. "It's a constellation of challenges," says Caselli.

So Caselli, Lieberman, and their collaborators are using the tools of linguistics, behavioral psychology, cognitive science, and education to understand how deaf children acquire language and, in turn, how best to teach them. "We desperately need data about this," she says. "We are still at the beginning stages of identifying the most prevalent issues."

Critical Moments

When Robert Hoffmeister founded the BU Deaf Studies program in 1980, ASL was on the fringes of acceptance. Students at BU could study it, but it did not count as a foreign language. "That's the cloud we lived under for about 25 years," says Hoffmeister, associate professor emeritus of deaf studies. "That cloud was more or less lifted by evidence-based research."

Linguistic analyses showed that ASL is a language, not just a bunch of gestures. It uses space, coordinated handshapes and movements, facial expressions, and a unique syntax to build meaning. Together, this visual language has all the structural features found in spoken languages. It also has its own literary traditions. "We have folklore passed down from generation to generation," says Bruce Bucci, a BU Deaf Studies instructor who is among several deaf faculty members at BU and communicated through an interpreter for this story. "There is a visual tradition and culture connected with the language."

Acceptance of ASL as a language was a fundamental first step toward preventing language deprivation, because it validated the teaching of ASL to deaf babies and children. The developing brain responds to language no matter how it is presented, so exposure to ASL is equivalent to exposure to a spoken language. "The same brain regions and mechanisms perceive and acquire language regardless of the modality," says Lieberman.

Researchers also learned that language deprivation delays the development of thinking skills. In 2007, Hoffmeister and colleagues studied deaf children's development of "theory of mind," the human ability to think about other people's thoughts. They found that children exposed to sign language from birth develop theory of mind apace with hearing children. But children with delayed language exposure also had delays in theory of mind. "You need language to talk about the world," says Hoffmeister, who hears but is a child of deaf parents. "Language was the crucial factor."

Hoffmeister went on to develop ways to assess language acquisition in school-aged children. Now research in the Deaf Studies program is shifting the focus to younger children, from birth to age five. This age range is known as the critical period of language development. During those years, exposure to language triggers all kinds of development. Pull the trigger, and children associate words with things, ideas, and feelings. They form a sense of self and others, an understanding of time and planning, and an ability to pay attention and make connections.

On the flip side, without language exposure, children experience a cascade of deficits. "If babies don't have stimulation with language during that critical time of development, then their cognitive development, their thinking skills, and their language development are all at stake," says Nicole Salamy, a speech and language pathologist at Boston Children's Hospital who is also a deaf studies instructor at BU.

Bucci puts it more directly: "If children are deprived of language, they will not thrive."

The problem is that for deaf children, language is visual. It's not passively absorbed as the sounds of life occur around them. "When deaf children have access to visual language, they can navigate their world right away," Salamy says.

Language Barriers

Hearing parents of deaf children face all of the challenges of parenthood plus the need to learn a completely new language for communicating with their child. They also face conflicting advice from health providers, associations, and educators.

Some advocacy and professional groups counsel against introducing sign language, particularly targeting parents who want to use medical interventions such as cochlear implants. Parents are told that sign language will distract their child, or that it will take up space in the brain and not leave room for learning spoken languages.

These and other concerns have largely been debunked. In a recent review of research on the subject, Caselli and her colleagues, Matthew Hall from the University of Connecticut and Wyatte Hall from the University of Rochester Medical Center, show that learning ASL early supports learning a spoken language later, the same way learning one spoken language supports learning a second. "If you understand the structures of one language, you'll be able to use and understand them in another," she says.

There is also a notion that deaf children struggle with reading because they can't sound out words. This connection between written language and sounds is called phonological coding. But according to research Lieberman did before she came to BU, this is also a misconception. "Many skilled deaf readers do not have access to phonological coding," she says. "They clearly have alternate routes to reading, most likely having a foundation in sign language."

Ultimately, there is no risk to introducing children to sign language. Research shows that the deaf child will only benefit, whether hearing and speech are introduced later or not. "You can do both," says Caselli. "You can learn sign language and try to get spoken language."

One of the biggest challenges for educators and researchers who want to improve deaf education is figuring out how to detect language deprivation. This would not only help researchers understand the scale of the problem but also help them guide deaf children and their parents to services that can smooth the way to introducing sign language.

A first step, being taken by Caselli, Lieberman, and Jennie Pyers, a visiting faculty member from Wellesley College, is to develop an ASL test for children under five. With new funding from the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), they plan to work initially with deaf children who have deaf parents. "We want to sort out what vocabulary acquisition looks like under ideal conditions," says Caselli.

From there, they will study deaf children with hearing parents, who likely face bigger challenges and potential delays as parents learn to sign. "Our goal is to determine where children fall behind and where they don't, so that we can focus interventions," she says.

To support this effort, Caselli developed an online visual lexical database for ASL called ASL-LEX. The tool, which won the People's Choice Award (Interactive Category) in the "Vizzies" Visualization Challenge sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Popular Science, documents nearly 1,000 ASL signs, along with information about frequency of use, grammar, and hand movements. The database will also become a repository for information about milestones, such as the age at which children learn different signs. This information, in turn, can become a source for building assessment tools.

Attention-Getters

For parents of deaf children, job one-aside from learning the language itself-is getting the child's attention. "It seems simple, but parents need to learn how to manage their child's gaze," says Lieberman.

Deaf babies who learn sign language from their parents learn to manage their attention by the time they reach preschool, according to earlier research by Lieberman. "They look up to see a sign and down to connect the sign to an object," she says. "They do so in meaningful and purposeful ways."

Since eye movements reveal a lot about how deaf children process and learn language, Lieberman developed a set of studies using techniques that track eye movements and is continuing this research with a grant from the NIH. She and her research team, which includes both deaf and hearing researchers, are focused on deaf children as young as 18 months and up to five years to understand how and when they learn words.

The study will include both deaf children with deaf parents and deaf children with hearing parents. "We want to look at the full spectrum of deaf children, looking carefully at the quantity and quality of language exposure they're receiving," says Lieberman. "How do those two measures correlate with the ability to develop visual attention skills and new words?"

Not only will this research help develop milestones for detecting language deprivation, it will also help develop interventions for children who are falling behind. An outcome could be an educational program, or tips for parents that help them manage their child's gaze. "Without looking, there's no language," says Lieberman.

Education research heralds big changes for the classroom

Overcoming Language Loss-Long After a Stroke

School of Medicine program welcomes undergrads from around country

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Studying Language Acquisition in Deaf Children | Research

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A few years ago, Naomi Caselli, a Boston University Deaf Studies researcher, stumbled upon her father's faded class picture from the 1960s. He stood in the back, a suited adolescent in a sea of elementary schoolchildren. Caselli assumed he was a teacher's aide. He wasn't. Her father had been held back.

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NPR: A few things to know about American Sign Language

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NPR: A few things to know about American Sign Language

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"ASL is very different from English. ASL is its own bonafide language." Here are a few things to know about American Sign Language on National ASL Day.

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The National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes (NDC) supports postsecondary success for deaf people. Learn with us, access research and technical assistance.

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Language Learning Through the Eye & Ear
http://www3.gallaudet.edu/clerc-center/learning-opportunities/webcasts/language-learning-through-the-eye-and-ear-webcast.html

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Language Learning Through the Eye and Ear Webcast

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Language Learning Through the Eye and Ear Webcast

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13 Reasons to Sign to Your Hard of Hearing or Cochlear Implanted Child

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13 Reasons to Sign to Your Hard of Hearing or Cochlear Implanted Child

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When we implanted our profoundly deaf two-year-old son Micah with cochlear implants, we gave little thought to American Sign Language or Deaf Culture. We were a hearing family, following the council of our audiologists, and under enormous pressure, we made the best decision we could with the information we had at the time. Micah received the $50,000 bilateral implant surgery and the $18,000 implants. He participated in expensive speech, auditory and oral therapies, but despite our time, efforts, and financial investment, he hated hearing. Sound was like an itchy sweater he refused to wear. He fought us tooth and nail, literally biting and kicking until he and I were both in tears. As you can guess, he made few speech gains.

Believing the implants would help him develop language, we had put all of our eggs in one basket, and by age five, Micah had a significant language delay. As you can imagine, his inability to communicate resulted in frustration and major behavior problems. Outings to the grocery store or park ended in violent tantrums, so much so, that I felt like I couldn't leave the house. At the time, it seemed our family was a sinking ship. I was overwhelmed, disappointed and confused.

I think the turning point for me was after someone suggested I watch a documentary called Through Deaf Eyes. There, I learned for the first time that deafness was more than a physical condition. Deafness is a community. With the magnetic force of a tribe, it is about people and a history steeped in civil rights. But most of all, it is about a unique, visual, three-dimensional language called Sign Language. As I watched the film, I realized being a part of the deaf community was a privilege, and I wanted my son to be proud of this heritage. While he has Puerto Rican, Jewish, and English ethnic ties, he also was bound to the deaf community by language.

In this post-modern age where people feel disenfranchised, disconnected, and alone, I saw the benefit of being born into automatic community, and at that point, I had a choice: embrace his deafness and all of its language and cultural implications, or reject it.

For my family, we chose to learn American Sign Language, and that was the key to transforming our relationship with our son. Cochlear Implant cheerleaders, please don't misunderstand. Micah wears his implants to this day. While his speech is unintelligible for the most part, there are moments of clarity, and in those moments, my heart does a little leap. We continue to encourage his implants, hoping they will help him with phonics and communication with hearing people; however, American Sign Language was and is our lifeline. Our saving grace.

I have a hard of hearing daughter, and she too has learned American Sign Language. Not only does she communicate in sign with her brother, but she has deaf friends, participates in deaf programs, and has the benefit of navigating easily between two words.

For all these reasons and more, I wanted to share thirteen reasons for signing with your hard of hearing and cochlear implanted children.

1. Cochlear implants do not replace normal hearing. There are no guarantees that your child will attain spoken language acquisition. No matter how much time and effort you invest.

2. There is a critical window for language development. If a child is not fluent in a language by the age of five, he or she may never attain full fluency in any language. Having a foundational language is crucial to the development of future language. Why wait until it's too late?

3. Sign Language comes naturally to deaf children. By signing to your deaf child or exposing them to fluent signers, you are ensuring language acquisition and avoiding language delays. If your goal is speech, that's fine. Sign will not get in the way.

4. Introducing two languages does not interfere with the acquisition of either language. Consider children of immigrants: they are often bilingual, juggling between two languages, and according to PhD. Marc Marschark of NTID, all deaf children should be bilingual.

5. Sign Language enhances the development of spoken language and literacy.

6. Knowing sign does not impede a deaf child's academic success; if anything, it helps them establish a healthy foundation to build upon. According to research from NTID, "Children who sign early on generally outperform those who do not sign during their early school years."

7. Hearing children learn a second language, and this is considered a luxury and a sign of intelligence; however, for deaf children, being bilingual is a vital skill necessary for their language and social development.

8. Knowing American Sign Language is the key to socializing and interacting with the Deaf community. Many hard of hearing and cochlear implanted children desire later in life to be involved with deaf people. And while they are children, having ASL skills gives them access to deaf peers, deaf mentors, and the deaf community.

9. Cochlear implants sometimes malfunction. No technology is beyond reproach. Sign fluency allows a deaf child to rely on their sign skills when in a jam. As a result, the child doesn't miss the window for language fluency or access to communication when and if the technology falters.

10. Signing is more convenient is some settings. When in a quiet setting like a theater or a loud setting like a rock concert, sign language comes in handy to communicate in a discreet and clear way.

11. Signing allows you to communicate from a distance. Under water. Through sound proof glass. One of my favorite experiences was snorkeling and communicating with my family under water- freaking awesome!

12. Signing with your deaf child strengthens your bond. Many hearing parents fear losing their deaf child to the deaf community; however, clear communication is the key to healthy relationships that can't be broken.

13. Beyond the American deaf community, there is a global deaf community. Most of the world does not have access to cochlear implant or hearing aid technology. Knowing sign language, gives your deaf child access to deaf people around the world.

The way I see it, cochlear implants and American Sign Language are both tools for success, and I want my child to have all the tools and choices available to him. I've seen children with cochlear implants speak English with the fluency and articulation of the crown prince. Yes, it's amazing! But that does not negate that these same kids feel drawn to the deaf community and desire to interact with them. It also doesn't mean that oral kids don't benefit from the aid of classroom interpreters. This is not a world of either or. We live in the age of and and. Our kids can have it all. Bilingual-Bicultural.

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13 Reasons to Sign to Your Hard of Hearing or Cochlear Implanted Child

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When we implanted our profoundly deaf two-year-old son Micah with cochlear implants, we gave little thought to American Sign Language or Deaf Culture. We were a hearing family, following the council of our audiologists, and under enormous pressure, we made the best decision we could with the information we had at the time.

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What would it mean to deaf children if everyone knew sign language.

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What would it mean to deaf children if everyone knew sign language.

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What would it mean to deaf children if... - BBC Family & Education News

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What would it mean to deaf children if everyone around them knew sign language? Wayne Barrow has started a petition to make it part of the national curriculum.

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If you sign differently, don't apologize. It's just your accent. #ASL More: facebook.com/cobisewell

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​Meet and be inspired by the life stories of young bilingual deaf adults who are making their way in the world!

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Love & Language: Meet the Kadu Family! Transcript link is posted in the comments. . #LEADK #EHDI2017 #nyledimarcofoundation Sheri Ann Farinha Julie Rems Smario

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Rachel Coleman talks to parents about language choices for children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Learn more at MyDeafChild.org

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"american sign language" deaf education "sign language"

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American Sign Language, Deaf, Education, ASL Linguistics, ASL Literature, Deaf Culture, Deaf Studies

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ASL app (includes international sign languages)

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iPhone App

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Ink & Salt Sign Together The ASL App Pack The Signers

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philadelphia american sign language social group

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Philadelphia American Sign Language Social Group

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This group is for anyone who is Deaf, Hard of Hearing or Hearing who knows or has interest in American Sign Language and likes to socialize. This group is also to help anyone who wants to practice Ame

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Philadelphia American Sign Language Social Group

Philadelphia, PA
1,219 Awesome Signers

This group is for anyone who is Deaf, Hard of Hearing or Hearing who knows or has interest in American Sign Language and likes to socialize. This group is also to help anyone ...

Next Meetup

ASL Meetup -Starbucks Coffee 9th and south

Wednesday, Jun 6, 2018, 6:30 PM
1 Attending

Check out this Meetup Group →

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Sign up to access a library of all ASL videos

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The sign language site is one of few most reliable resources and references highly recommended by Deaf native signers, including ASL instructors.

"Even though I'm Deaf with ASL as my native language, I still use Handspeak a lot in the last few years for reference. I also frequently recommended this website to hearings/ASL students I met. It's amazing how you contributed so much, so I just want to let you know how much I appreciate that. -- Theo, 2020."

"This website is AWESOME! I always refer it to my students. -- Denise (Deaf ASL instructor), 2021"

"This website is a godsend. Your work is amazing and I just wanted to thank you. Without it, learning ASL would have been much harder. -- Le, 2021"

"I just wanted to let you know that you are the reason I've been getting A's in my ASL classes and to say thank you. I use your website multiple times a day, and it has fleshed out so much information about the language of ASL and the Deaf community. You have truly made a difference in my life!" -- Angie DiNardo, February 4, 2022.

Thank you Handspeak!! You were an invaluable resource for me during my interpreter education program. I came to the conclusion that your dictionary of signs were one of the best and I relied on it immensely.

"I have been struggling to figure out signs for my class. It was really beginning to wear down on me and I was getting nervous about how the rest of the semester will go. A problem that was haunting me was found in short order using the sign and contextual reference from the assignment. THANK YOU!!!! You have blessed me for sure! -- Nita"

"THANK YOU SO MUCH. This site is amazing. I am just learning ASL, and I keep this tab open on my computer and check in several times a day to form words and sentences. Very blessed for this incredible project of yours. -- A.S."

"Your website has helped me to learn ASL and about Deaf culture, both when I studied in University and now as I continue to practice and learn. I just wanted to express that I am so grateful for you and for handspeak.com- you are wonderful, thank you for creating this project!! -- Kat"

"Your website is a blessing! I often refer my ASL students to the tutorials on this site as an extracurricular resource when they needed help. -- a certified ASL instructor and Deaf native signer."

"... thank you for making such an important and useful resource for those of us on the path to fluency in the language and art of American Sign Language. Your Handspeak website has provided me with countless hours of invaluable insight and dare I say entertainment. You're a beautiful person, and your work is thoroughly appreciated." -- Patrick Ryan (Minnesota), 2015.

"Handspeak is such a great online ASL lexicon, and it is very helpful. My TA's recommended it over other online ASL dictionaries. Thank you again! -- J.Y., 2017"

"Our daughter is so much happier that she can tell us what she wants and needs. Much less crying, much more laughing! Thank you for this site, the best of its kind on the web."

"We use the site in our homeschooling, as a second language, for our 9-year-old child who does really well with homeschooling. He's exceptionally bright, very active, inquisitive and challenging. Your site has captured his interest and he is intrigued."

"I scuba dive, and being able to use sign language while diving would expand the experience greatly. -- L. Niles"

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Sign Language resources online including ASL dictionary, tutorials, grammar, sentences, alphabet, Deaf culture, baby signing, and more.

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"100 Basic Signs" (American Sign Language) (www.lifeprint.com)

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The Best Songs in Sign Language - Start ASL

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American Sign Language is a very expressive language. Songs in sign language are therefore equally expressive and many times are more expressive than their purely vocal versions. If you're interested in learning how to sign songs, visit our Interpreting Songs for the Deaf page.

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Yo! Yes! children book by Chris Rashcka in "free" ASL translation by cnkatz. For optimal effectiveness, hold the book the next to the video screen and enjoy them both. Do it in your homes with children, deaf or not. Or if you are learning ASL, you can observe how role shifting technique is critical in part to master ASL storytelling skills. If you are in a classroom, go to teachertube.com, get your account, and then view or download this video and use it for anything you deem best. The video at teachertube embedded below.

One big reversal mistake. I signed the story with both characters in my (signer's) view - not from the viewer's. Someday, I would be happy to redo this with costumes and with a dark and light skinned actors. Someday someday . . .

Musing on the impact videos in the internet have on education. Just wait a decade and we will find better quality videos in the internet which can be shown in classrooms equipped with LCD projector, smart boards, and a computer (even handheld IPod-like machines). Gallaudet, NTID, CSUN, and deaf institutions have websites which have huge catalogs of videos all digitized and disseminated via Google. Short clips of lectures in ASL on every school subject. Evaluation of skills done through videophone. ASL students at their terminals meeting and interacting in ASL in a virtual classroom is not so farfetched anymore. That is part of my vision of what the 21st century deaf education would be like. Every parent of newly diagnosed deaf babies have plenty of resources, all varied, to help them adjust and optimize their language environment for their deaf (and hearing) babies to thrive. Many benefits: classroom teachers, ASL students, and signers anywhere. The number of sign language users will exponentially grow.

Only Free translation version is done with this book due to its brevity and simplicity.

Open the book and click on the video - and enjoy . . .

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Yo! Yes! children book by Chris Rashcka in "free" ASL translation by cnkatz. For optimal effectiveness, hold the book the next to the video screen and enjoy them both. Do it in your homes with children, deaf or not. Or if you are learning ASL, you can observe how role shifting technique is critical in part to master ASL storytelling skills.

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VL2: Growing Together: The Science of Visual Language and Visual Learning

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VL2: Growing Together: The Science of Visual Language and Visual Learning

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Family Information Package
Learn what research has to say about visual language and bilingualism. Read people's stories about growing up bilingual. Click here to see the contents of the Family Information Package and to request your own copy.

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Learn what research has to say about visual language and bilingualism. Read people's stories about growing up bilingual. Click here to see the contents of the Family Information Package and to request your own copy.

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Deaf, hearing, families, codas, friends, allies (allyship), believers and curious souls all are connected in the fact that they sign.

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Pharrell's "Happy" in ASL by Deaf Film Camp at CM7

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D-PAN ASL Music Video: "Beautiful" by Christina Aguilera

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CLICK HERE TO BUY THE D-PAN DVD Volume 2 http://bit.ly/1eBLKV5 D-PAN Presents Christina Aguilera's "Beautiful" performed in American Sign Language (ASL).

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Sign Language in the Age of Technology: a Podcast

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Sign Language in the Age of Technology: a Podcast

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Live Read aloud ​in american sign language!

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Live Read aloud ​in american sign language!

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The enchanting music of sign language | Christine Sun Kim