# data[].attributes.body
In the past time nationalism often became imperialism but
nationalism =/= imperialism

# data[].attributes.body
Nationalism is an ideology characterized by patriotism for and identification with one's nation

# data[].attributes.body
Have quotes.

# data[].attributes.body
Decide which one of the definitions associated with Nationalism, best suits the Chinese people of the late 1800s and early 1900s

# data[].attributes.body
People
Political Idea
Unites people

Populism
donal Trump populist.
'

How do the ideas of populism connect with the people of China during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

# data[].attributes.body
republic: people's representation

# data[].attributes.body
united china/chinese revolution

# data[].attributes.body
The three principles were:
1. Political unity (nationalism) and self rule
2. Democracy and Law
3. People's welfare/livelihood: a basic living for all Chinese

# data[].attributes.body
Sun Yat Sen had tried to build a united China even though there was unrest in the provinces. He tried by setting a program called "Three Principles of the People"

# data[].attributes.body
He was elected first president of the Chinese republic after he returned to China form the United States during the 1911 Revolution

# data[].attributes.body
The threefold separation of the legislative, judicial, and executive powers as advocated by him was accepted in every constitutional country in Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
3 years later the young emperor was over thrown by revolutionaries and a republic was proclaimed

# data[].attributes.body
lead a revolution.

# data[].attributes.body
last emperor was a two years old

# data[].attributes.body
Cixi died in 1908 and she named a 2 year old prince called Puyi to succeed her.

# data[].attributes.body
The army defeated the Boxers and forced Cixi to grant them concessions

# data[].attributes.body
They organized their own international army to march on eijing and rescue diplomats

# data[].attributes.body
Moved to Northen China in 1900

# data[].attributes.body
attacked christians, not just european christians. ALL christians

# data[].attributes.body
in 1900, the boxers moved through northern china attacking foreigners - they attacked foreign diplomats in beijing

# data[].attributes.body
The boxers gain popularity

# data[].attributes.body
Cixi secretly agreed to help the Boxers

# data[].attributes.body
wanted to get rid of all foreigners

# data[].attributes.body
The Boxers common enemy were foreigners

# data[].attributes.body
common enemy is foreigners

# data[].attributes.body
A group of Chinese create a secret society called the "Fists of Righteous Harmony" or "Boxers"

# data[].attributes.body
1899
rebels
Nationalize

# data[].attributes.body
After 100 days of reform in 1899

# data[].attributes.body
It was the beginning the end of the Qing dynasty

# data[].attributes.body
Lacked modernization, technology

# data[].attributes.body
Became emperor at the age at 10 which made him very inexperienced

# data[].attributes.body
Sino- Japan war
Lose land Japan and taiwan

young emporia inexperience
bad Technology

# data[].attributes.body
Caused China to lose Korea, Taiwan and a ot of other land. Signing of unfair treaties, and humiliation

# data[].attributes.body
1841:

The British captured the Bogue forts

The Chinese are defeated by the British in the First Opium War.

Hong Kong is ceded to the British.

1842:

The British had defeated the Chinese at the mouth of the Yangtze and occupied Shanghai

The Treaty of Nanking was signed between Britain and China.

1843:

Dr. Alexander Wood of Edinburgh discovers a new technique of administering morphine, injection with a syringe.

He finds the effects of morphine on his patients instantaneous and three times more potent.

1852 :

The British arrive in lower Burma

They import large amounts of opium from India and sell it through a government-controlled opium monopoly.

1856:

The British and French renew their hostilities against China in the Second Opium War.

The British attacked Guangzhou from the Pearl River

There was an attempt to poison the British Superintendent of Trade in Hong Kong

1858:

The Xianfeng Emperor ordered the Mongolian general to guard the Taku Forts near Tianjin

1859:

British forces blew up the iron obstacles that the Chinese had placed in the Baihe River

1860:

British-French sailed from Hong Kong and captured the port cities of Yantai and Dalian to seal the Bohai Gulf.

At the Battle of Palikao, 10,000 Chinese troops were completely annihilated by British-French forces.

China has to pay another indemnity, 8 million taels to Britain and France.

The importation of opium is legalized.

The Russians were granted a diplomatic presence in Beijing permanently.

# data[].attributes.body
1730:

British exports of opium to China was estimated to be 15 tons

1773:

British exports of opium to China increased to an estimated 75 tons

1799:

The Qing Empire established a ban on Opium products

1830:

The British dependence on opium use reaches an all time high, importing 22,000 pounds of opium from Turkey and India.

The mandate to rule and dictate the trade policies of British India are no longer in effect.

Jardine-Matheson & Company of London inherit India and its opium from the British East India Company

1839:

Lin Tse-Hsu, imperial Chinese commissioner in charge of suppressing the opium traffic, orders all foreign traders to surrender their opium.

The British send expeditionary warships to the coast of China, beginning The First Opium War.

1840:

New Englanders bring 24,000 pounds of opium into the United States.

U.S. Customs promptly puts a duty fee on the import.

Charles Elliot asked the Portuguese governor to let British ships use Macau as a port and they would pay rents and any duties.

The governor denied this request for fear that the Qing Government would halt the supply of food and other necessities to Macau.

The Qing Emperor asked all foreigners in China to halt material assistance to the British in China.

In retaliation, British attacked Guangdong.

# data[].attributes.body
The British won the war, therefore the Chinese had to sign the treaty of Nanking which made them open more ports, allows foreigners to come, give up Hong Kong, and make China pay for the destroyed opium

# data[].attributes.body
china was heavily influenced by imperial powers

# data[].attributes.body
1) they would grow poppies in india
2) convert them into opium
3)sell them at a profit in china
4)use the profit to buy tea
5)sell tea with drug to profit for MORE profit

# data[].attributes.body
In the mid to late 19th the second opium war started and once again the Chinese lose and the were needed to surrender to the British as a result they lose Hong Kong.

# data[].attributes.body
signed 2 contracts (Treaty of Nanking and Tientsin)

# data[].attributes.body
by the early 1800's the tea sale in England was unimaginably high

# data[].attributes.body
the second opium war was in 1856

# data[].attributes.body
They needed to find something more than silver to keep the trade they had with Chinese, and that was opium

# data[].attributes.body
The Chinese were defeated by the British because they had more advanced military strategies and weapons

# data[].attributes.body
chinese put strict controls on trading

# data[].attributes.body
Knowing what opium had done to the sociality China start to ban opium and iligelaise it.

# data[].attributes.body
The Chinese became heavily influenced by the imperial powers in result of the 2 opium wars. The imperial powers included: Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Japan.

# data[].attributes.body
The British, French, Germans, Russians, and Japanese all established their own sphere of influence in China

# data[].attributes.body
The British was the first to trade opium with China. The British imported the opium form the colonies that they have in India and Turkey.

# data[].attributes.body
Canton was the only place where the British were allowed to trade opium. Canton was also the place where the Chinese burned the opium

# data[].attributes.body
The Chinese had to sign 2 treaties: The Treaty of Nanking from the first opium war and the Treaty of Tientsin from the second opium war

# data[].attributes.body
The Chinese would smoke opium in opium dens

# data[].attributes.body
1. How did the Chinese government feel about European trade at the time? Why do you suppose they felt this way?

Good at first but after they brought in the opium the try to ban it.

# data[].attributes.headline
When did European merchants begin arriving in China?

# data[].attributes.subject
When did European merchants begin arriving in China?

# data[].attributes.body
1600s, Age of exploration

# data[].attributes.body
European merchants arrived to China at around the 1600s and 1700s

# data[].attributes.headline
the demand for chinese products was very high from the europeans

# data[].attributes.subject
the demand for chinese products was very high from the europeans

# data[].attributes.body
First Opium War: 1839 - 1942
Second Opium War: 1856 - 1860

# data[].attributes.body
wars were fought all over the planet to secure exotic goods

# data[].attributes.body
1) smuggled opium illegally
2) 3.064 mill lbs was moved to china per year
3)by 1839 about 5.639 mill lbs would be pouring to china
4)by march of 1839 the emperor of china stopped opium trading and arrested Chinese opium smugglers

# data[].attributes.body
by the end of the 18th century the world became smaller because European traders were traveling everywhere for trade

# data[].attributes.body
1. What European explorer travelled to, and wrote about, China in the 1200s? travelled to, and wrote about, China in the 1200s?

Marco Pollo

# data[].attributes.body
War happen. people died. May 22 1841 Eliot redarw the troops in Canton