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http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/complex_life/fossil_record.html

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https://www.emaze.com/@AIIIWLQW/Presentation-Name

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http://bioap.wikispaces.com/Ch22+Collaboration

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https://sites.jmu.edu/gbio103/bbq4b-draft-what-causes-gene-mutations-leading-to-cancer/

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Pangaea was a super-continent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.  It was made up by all the continents we have now. This is said to be why there are same fossils on different continents, separated by massive oceans.

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Early in the 20th century, a German geologist named Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of continental drift. Because of the same fossils being found in Africa and South America, he proposed that these two continents were once joined together and that the Atlantic Ocean opened up between them after the fossils were formed. This theory also explained the apparent "jigsaw fit" of the two continents, which had been remarked on ever since they were first mapped.

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The same fossil species can sometimes be found in widely separated geographic locations. For example an extinct reptile called Mesosaurus, which lived 275 million years ago. This fossil is found in two different areas, in southern Africa and near the southern tip of South America. Now these areas are separated by almost 5,000 miles of Atlantic Ocean. Although Mesosaurus was a sea-dwelling creature it lived in shallow coastal waters and was unlikely to have crossed the ocean.

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Charles Darwin used isolated oceanic islands to show how isolated environments seemed to give rise to new species. Darwin observed that the species on two different islands appeared to be closely related to the species on the nearest continent. Darwin concluded that the animals on these isolated islands must have been originally from the nearby continent, but because they were separated from the other species on the continent, they gradually evolved into a new species over years.

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The fossil record is a collection of fossils that document the history of life on Earth . The fossil record is filled with  organisms from Earth's past. For example the dinosaurs, went extinct around 65 million years ago. Therefore, everything we know about dinosaurs comes from the fossil record.

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To use biological molecules as molecular clocks is they must agree with the hypothesis of neutral evolution. This hypothesis states that most of the variability in molecular structure does not actually affect the molecule's functionality. This is because most of the variability occurs outside of the functional regions of the molecule. The sequences of the molecule in the different species must be compared so that the number of amino acid or nucleic acid bases that differ can be counted to find relation.

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Early evolutionary scientists used comparative anatomy to determine relationships between species. This said that organisms with similar structures must have acquired these traits from a common ancestor.

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Traits that are derived from a trait found in a common ancestor are called homologous traits. For Example - the wings of bats and birds have little in common with those of insects. Bird wings and insect wings are an analogous trait, or a trait that has developed independently in two groups of organisms from unrelated ancestral traits. These studies help for scientist to find common ancestors and prove evolutionary development.

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The embryo serves as a gateway for evolution, passing through many of the stages of evolution to produce the current state of the organism. Species that bear little resemblance in their adult form may have similar embryonic stages.

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The discoveries of catalytic RNA and of molecular fossils closely related to nucleic acids suggest that nucleic acids such as RNA were crucial to Earth's first life. This hypothesis was formed on the studies that early life used RNA for basic cellular processes

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Biochemical evidence comes in the form of common molecules. Many of the chemical reactions occurring in human cells, in the cells of a fungus, and in a bacterial cell are quite different from one another; however, many of them are exactly the same and rely on the exact same molecules. These molecules are widespread and are critically important to all life. Because of this, they are thought to have arisen very early in the history of life.

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http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/biochemical-evolution

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/origsoflife_06

http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/evolution/evidence/section4.rhtml

http://classroom.synonym.com/examples-biogeographical-proof-evolution-12944.html

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Fossil Records and evidence help scientists to keep track of organisms throughout the years and how they have changed.

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Geographical features provide barriers to species, allowing scientists to observe how they evolve separate from one another.

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This type of evidence shows that closely related organisms often share similar structures in their bodies. Both species descended from a common ancestor with similar features.

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This type of evidence is known as the changes or mutations that occur at the molecular level in organisms over a period of time.