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This bronze arrow head has an inscription of a similar type giving its owner's name. The arrow arrow head reads in the phoenician language arrowhead of Ada son of Ba ‘la”.

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This artifact from the Persian Empire in Mesopotamia is primarily made of copper.  In Ancient Persia, their main resource was copper and it was used for many different aspects of Persian life.  The Persians used copper from their resources because their geography allowed them to take metal and resources from nature to build tools and create art to trade across the oceans and seas near by.  They were able to improve their economy with the help of trading the copper and by building these aesthetically pleasing art to trade with nearby countries.  This piece shows the geography of Persia dn how they used their resources to advance agricultural production and advance their economy.(From the Metropolitan Museum of Art)   

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This artifact from the Persian Empire in Mesopotamia is primarily made of copper.  In Ancient Persia, their main resource was copper and it was used for many different aspects of Persian life.  The Persians used copper from their resources because their geography allowed them to take metal and resources from nature to build tools and create art to trade across the oceans and seas near by.  They were able to improve their economy with the help of trading the copper and by building these aesthetically pleasing art to trade with nearby countries.  This piece shows the geography of Persia dn how they used their resources to advance agricultural production and advance their economy.(From the Metropolitan Museum of Art)   

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What Are the Terracotta Warriors Wearing?

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Qin terracotta warriors mostly wear headgear, gowns covered with armor, pants and shoes or boots, but officers and soldiers have different dressings.

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Greg Korsun

Qin Dynasty

Political

This sword is the political artifact for the Qin dynasty because it shows the dynasty's harsh legalistic ways. The Qin dynasty was first ruled by ruthless leader Shi Huangdi. The Qin dynasty lasted from 221–206 BC. Although the time period was very short, the Qin dynasty left it’s mark on China. This artifact supports the mission to improve our collection because it directly shows the violent ways Shi Huangdi ruled his country. He would execute any civilian who did not agree with his ways. This sword was chosen to illustrate the importance of the Qin dynasty because the Qin laid down legalist ways of ruling for years to come in China.

(This sword is from the George C. Marshall foundation which is a museum in Lexington, Virginia).

http://marshallfoundation.org/museum/qin-dynasty-bronze-sword/

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The Edicts of Ashoka are 33 inscriptions on pillars and boulders and cave walls were made by the Emperor Ashoka while his ruling from 269 BCE to 232 BCE. This artifact helps our collection because it illustrates the laws that the people had to follow throughout this time period. I chose this artifact because it represents the importance in government in this society and how it shaped the lives of the citizens.

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This sculpture represents the mother goddess of the Mauryan Empire and is entitled “Female Deity”. It was made between the 3rd and 2nd century B.C. It is a small figure at only four centimeters. It was made out of clay. This artifact is important because it represents the importance of women throughout the era of the Mauryan Empire. Women were respected during this time and it shows through this sculpture. I chose this artifact to represent the social aspect of the Mauryans by showing the difference between their empire and the other Chinese empires throughout this period of time, and how women were treated at a level of importance.

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This sculpture represents the mother goddess of the Mauryan Empire and is entitled “Female Deity”. It was made between the 3rd and 2nd century B.C. It is a small figure at only four centimeters. It was made out of clay. This artifact is important because it represents the importance of women throughout the era of the Mauryan Empire. Women were respected during this time and it shows through this sculpture. I chose this artifact to represent the social aspect of the Mauryans by showing the difference between their empire and the other Chinese empires throughout this period of time, and how women were treated at a level of importance.

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http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38727This sculpture represents the mother goddess of the Mauryan Empire and is entitled “Female Deity”. It was made between the 3rd and 2nd century B.C. It is a small figure at only four centimeters. It was made out of clay. This artifact is important because it represents the importance of women throughout the era of the Mauryan Empire. Women were respected during this time and it shows through this sculpture. I chose this artifact to represent the social aspect of the Mauryans by showing the difference between their empire and the other Chinese empires throughout this period of time, and how women were treated at a level of importance. 

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http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38727This sculpture represents the mother goddess of the Mauryan Empire and is entitled “Female Deity”. It was made between the 3rd and 2nd century B.C. It is a small figure at only four centimeters. It was made out of clay. This artifact is important because it represents the importance of women throughout the era of the Mauryan Empire. Women were respected during this time and it shows through this sculpture. I chose this artifact to represent the social aspect of the Mauryans by showing the difference between their empire and the other Chinese empires throughout this period of time, and how women were treated at a level of importance. 

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I chose this artifact because it shows how the Chinese productively used their geography to produce useful metals that could create weapons. Adding this artifact to the collection helps one gain knowledge on how the the people of the Qin dynasty, had diverse jobs such as mining, and people were capable of creating weapons of this skill type, so they were very advanced. The sword indicates strength in power within a society.I chose this artifact because it indicates many things about how the Qin worked. You can come to many easy conclusions from just looking at it.  http://marshallfoundation.org/museum/qin-dynasty-bronze-sword/Ancient Qin Bronze Sword. Digital Image. The George C. Marshall Foundation. December 1, 2014  

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I chose this artifact because it shows how the Chinese productively used their geography to produce useful metals that could create weapons. Adding this artifact to the collection helps one gain knowledge on how the the people of the Qin dynasty, had diverse jobs such as mining, and people were capable of creating weapons of this skill type, so they were very advanced. The sword indicates strength in power within a society.I chose this artifact because it indicates many things about how the Qin worked. You can come to many easy conclusions from just looking at it.  http://marshallfoundation.org/museum/qin-dynasty-bronze-sword/Ancient Qin Bronze Sword. Digital Image. The George C. Marshall Foundation. December 1, 2014  

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The Persian king crosses the bridge with his army. In 480 bc the king constructs his invasion of greece. The whole Persian army of a million people march on foot for miles. The invasion lasted from 480 bc to 476 bc and was an easy victory for persia. This artifact was selected because it was a significant paper with a description of how put together their attack was. It was a well fought battle and symbolized Persia’s growth over time. It infers that they had a well run military and a great king that planned all his attacks. It indicates that Persia was strongly built and had a great system of defense. This supports the mission to streamline to show that Persia had many great leaders that brought peace and ruling into the civilizations. Especially this king, Xerxes, who was a magnificent leader. This artifact was created about 1413-1415 and was made in Paris, France. It is 29.6 cm by 42 cm and was made with tempera colors, gold leaf, and ink on parchment. The subjects in the artifact were horses, Xerxes.

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https://twsanborn.wikispaces.com/2011-The+Mauryan+and+Gupta+Empire6This is a water wheel, a form of irrigation used during the Mauryan Empire. This drawing was chosen because it clearly shows the advanced form of technology they had, and how they used their resources to help with technology. This can improve the collection because it is a good example of technology during the Mauryan Empire.

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https://twsanborn.wikispaces.com/2011-The+Mauryan+and+Gupta+Empire6This is a water wheel, a form of irrigation used during the Mauryan Empire. This drawing was chosen because it clearly shows the advanced form of technology they had, and how they used their resources to help with technology. This can improve the collection because it is a good example of technology during the Mauryan Empire.

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https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/couple-in-greeting-posture/GgG2yM6huCHW7A

This is a stone carving of a couple bowing down in a greeting pose. They are respecting a higher caste guest like a Brahmin or Kshatriya. The male figure has a long triangular beard and his hair is arranged backwards. The female has a bun hairstyle and decorated necklace. Their appearance resembles a moderate caste like Vaisya which is a merchant or landowner. This structure was found in the main city of Nalanda. This artifact shows an everyday greeting custom from the Gupta empire that citizens would use. It also demonstrates the caste system and how the lower castes must show respect to higher ranks. This structure shows the tradition of patriarchy, how men have more respect than women and can only have high government positions. The carving represents the everyday clothing a Vaisya caste would wear. The artifact highlights how people dressed and a custom during the Gupta empire.

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The khanda is a double-edge straight sword. It is often featured in religious iconography, theatre and art depicting the ancient history of India. Some communities venerate the weapon as a symbol of Shiva. It is a common weapon in the martial arts in the Indian subcontinent.

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This sword is called the Khanda

Double-edged, straight-bladed, blunt-tipped

Found in South Asia

Materials: metal

Lasted from 320-550 AD

This artifact improves our collection because it shows how the Gupta empire’s government and military operates. This artifact shows what the Gupta empire used to control all of India.

I chose this artifact to illustrate the style of military. Their style of military were initially imperialistic tactics. The military consisted of 500,000 infantry, 50,000 cavalry, 20,000 charioteers, and 10,000 elephants. All of these soldiers used the Khanda swords to attack uncontrolled territory up until Chandragupta II, when all of India was under Gupta control and they stopped being imperialistic.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanda_(sword)

Ben Thorsheim

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Gupta Iron Pillar - Google Arts & Culture

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Gupta Iron Pillar - Google Arts & Culture

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This artifact from the Persian Empire in Mesopotamia is primarily made of copper.  In Ancient Persia, their main resource was copper and it was used for many different aspects of Persian life.  The Persians used copper from their resources because their geography allowed them to take metal and resources from nature to build tools and create art to trade across the oceans and seas near by.  They were able to improve their economy with the help of trading the copper and by building these aesthetically pleasing art to trade with nearby countries.  This piece shows the geography of Persia dn how they used their resources to advance agricultural production and advance their economy.(From the Metropolitan Museum of Art)   

# data[].attributes.subject
This artifact from the Persian Empire in Mesopotamia is primarily made of copper.  In Ancient Persia, their main resource was copper and it was used for many different aspects of Persian life.  The Persians used copper from their resources because their geography allowed them to take metal and resources from nature to build tools and create art to trade across the oceans and seas near by.  They were able to improve their economy with the help of trading the copper and by building these aesthetically pleasing art to trade with nearby countries.  This piece shows the geography of Persia dn how they used their resources to advance agricultural production and advance their economy.(From the Metropolitan Museum of Art)   

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Above is a set of grinding tool used in the Han Dynasty era and was used for medicine, like Chinese herbs, that was also found along with these grinding tools. They are made of bronze and iron, which require fine metalworking skills.

This artifact supports the improvement of the collection because not only does it represent fine metalworking skills, but it also represents skills and advancements in medicine and healing. The importance of this indicator for our civilization is shown by the general design of these grinding tools that is still used to this day in modern Chinese drugstores, proving them to be of exceptional design and says a lot about the skills of the Han Dynasty people

https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/medicines-and-grinding-tools/BwHNTFkDlcffMg
Pablo Villa

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This is a painting by Tang painter Yan Liben. It is showing the story of seventh year of the Emperor Wenxuan’s reign. The painting is viewed from right to left, it can be divided into three different texts. The first text at the right has an official wearing a red robe sitting on a stool called a huchuang. In the middle of the painting you can see four scholars sitting on the a platform (dais) being cared by two female servants. This scene is the most important part of the whole painting. Two of the scholars are working with books and others a debating. You can tell that women weren’t well respected and were used to help the important scholars. All the way on the left side you can see two grooms and two horses being lead by another red-robed official. In Ancient China, red robes indicate officials or higher ups in the government. This painting is key to the collection because it shows the more important and respected people, the scholars. 

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This is a painting by Tang painter Yan Liben. It is showing the story of seventh year of the Emperor Wenxuan’s reign. The painting is viewed from right to left, it can be divided into three different texts. The first text at the right has an official wearing a red robe sitting on a stool called a huchuang. In the middle of the painting you can see four scholars sitting on the a platform (dais) being cared by two female servants. This scene is the most important part of the whole painting. Two of the scholars are working with books and others a debating. You can tell that women weren’t well respected and were used to help the important scholars. All the way on the left side you can see two grooms and two horses being lead by another red-robed official. In Ancient China, red robes indicate officials or higher ups in the government. This painting is key to the collection because it shows the more important and respected people, the scholars. 

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Mary Haney

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Geography Artifact  Artifact: Central WatchtowerDate: 1st–early 3rd centuryLocation found: Tomb, Eastern Han Question 1: This artifact will support our mission to streamline and improve the collection because it shows how natural resources are used to create structures. It will help streamline the collection because it shows the geography and due to the Han Dynasties expansion, it was necessary to have watchtowers to help protect the people and keep invaders out.Question 2: I choose this specific artifact to illustrate the importance of the geography indicator for my civilization because, it shows how the Han Dynasty conquered many lands during their rule and needed to have watchtowers in order to maintain their empire for such a long time. 

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Geography Artifact  Artifact: Central WatchtowerDate: 1st–early 3rd centuryLocation found: Tomb, Eastern Han Question 1: This artifact will support our mission to streamline and improve the collection because it shows how natural resources are used to create structures. It will help streamline the collection because it shows the geography and due to the Han Dynasties expansion, it was necessary to have watchtowers to help protect the people and keep invaders out.Question 2: I choose this specific artifact to illustrate the importance of the geography indicator for my civilization because, it shows how the Han Dynasty conquered many lands during their rule and needed to have watchtowers in order to maintain their empire for such a long time. 

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http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38612 Geographic Artifact: Interpreted by Johannah O’Brien This ceramic piece is of the Mauryan Period (ca. 2nd century B.C) This civilization is known to be centered between two major rivers, the Ganges and the Son. This is a beneficial addition to the streamline collection as it captures how Maurya’s natural resources measures the leadership, resource flexibility and structure of the civilization. In the center of the ceramic dish, the symbolism of a “man to nature relationship” is represented by the pollination of a lotus flower. This reveals a direct correlation to the values enforced on the people because it demonstrates the civilization’s organized leadership. Thus, the people’s time could be allotted into practicing intricate art forms, reflecting Asoka’s beautification roots in this culture.  To boost the advancement of the work,  the intricacy of the mesh design reveals the usage of tools shaped from nature. Additionally,  they had the ability to use heat in order to harden their creations showing the manipulations of the resources such as lumber. This points to job structure,  this product could’ve been used in trading. The material of the dish shows a link to the rivers of the Ganges and Son, since the process of ceramics involves the usage of clay, water, and earthen materials in the area. While many artifacts were derived from similar materials, this dish has a direct geographic indicator because of the placement and usage of a symbol. This is a common way  to express core values in the honor of it’s resources in comparison to it’s rivals. Due to relativity of materials and processing under a nature-derived culture, this piece of evidence is essential to the understanding of how the combination of resources provide multiple options in the construction of a civilization, affecting  the cultural definition. 

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http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38612 Geographic Artifact: Interpreted by Johannah O’Brien This ceramic piece is of the Mauryan Period (ca. 2nd century B.C) This civilization is known to be centered between two major rivers, the Ganges and the Son. This is a beneficial addition to the streamline collection as it captures how Maurya’s natural resources measures the leadership, resource flexibility and structure of the civilization. In the center of the ceramic dish, the symbolism of a “man to nature relationship” is represented by the pollination of a lotus flower. This reveals a direct correlation to the values enforced on the people because it demonstrates the civilization’s organized leadership. Thus, the people’s time could be allotted into practicing intricate art forms, reflecting Asoka’s beautification roots in this culture.  To boost the advancement of the work,  the intricacy of the mesh design reveals the usage of tools shaped from nature. Additionally,  they had the ability to use heat in order to harden their creations showing the manipulations of the resources such as lumber. This points to job structure,  this product could’ve been used in trading. The material of the dish shows a link to the rivers of the Ganges and Son, since the process of ceramics involves the usage of clay, water, and earthen materials in the area. While many artifacts were derived from similar materials, this dish has a direct geographic indicator because of the placement and usage of a symbol. This is a common way  to express core values in the honor of it’s resources in comparison to it’s rivals. Due to relativity of materials and processing under a nature-derived culture, this piece of evidence is essential to the understanding of how the combination of resources provide multiple options in the construction of a civilization, affecting  the cultural definition. 

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The terracotta soldiers were chosen as the best social indicator for the Qin Dynasty for many reasons. These clay warriors found near what is today the city of Xi’an, China are dated back to around 210 BCE, and reveal a great deal about social structure and beliefs of the Qin Dynasty. The armor worn by certain statues represented their status in the army. For example, dual long jackets and a dark purple crest hat indicated an army general. Additionally, the terracotta soldiers were made to protect Shi Huangdi in the afterlife, therefore indicating the religious beliefs of the Qin Dynasty. This artifact best supports the mission to streamline and improve the collection because it reveals a great deal about the society of the Qin Dynasty.

https://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/xian/terracotta/weapon.htm

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This photograph depicts the Iron Pillar of Deli, pictured in the middle, with stone arches surrounding it.  The pillar came into place by a Gupta monarch in 402 B.C and it is found in Delhi, India.  This pillar is around 13,000 pounds and is made of a material that is resistant to corrosion as it has been able to stay in very good shape for its entire lifetime despite it being made of copper. This artifact was chosen to be added to the collection to streamlines and improves it by connecting the many different ways in which the people of the Gupta dynasty were able to make many advances in the technologies of that time period. This pillar is a great example of the innovation of the Gupta empire as it is made of a copper material that is resistant to rust, as it has resisted much corrosion over the years. The artisans and blacksmiths were able to put a layer on top of the copper to act as a barrier from the harsh climate of India at times.  This artifact is a great indicator of the technology of the Gupta empire as it highlights the ability of the people of the gupta to build and maintain a monument of such strength.  This pillar was able to withstand the test of time, as it did not corrode from the harsh environment around it, and it was strong enough continue standing even after being struck by what seems to be a cannonball.  The people living during the Gupta times were able to create such a sturdy pillar not only because of all of the time and effort that they put into making technological advancements for that time, but they were also able to use the money that they were making from trade.  All of the technological advancements that the people of the Gupta were able to make were a result of the people being able to come up with ideas and use their abundant resources to build something, such as the pillar, that they knew would be a testament to their people for years and years to come.  

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This photograph depicts the Iron Pillar of Deli, pictured in the middle, with stone arches surrounding it.  The pillar came into place by a Gupta monarch in 402 B.C and it is found in Delhi, India.  This pillar is around 13,000 pounds and is made of a material that is resistant to corrosion as it has been able to stay in very good shape for its entire lifetime despite it being made of copper. This artifact was chosen to be added to the collection to streamlines and improves it by connecting the many different ways in which the people of the Gupta dynasty were able to make many advances in the technologies of that time period. This pillar is a great example of the innovation of the Gupta empire as it is made of a copper material that is resistant to rust, as it has resisted much corrosion over the years. The artisans and blacksmiths were able to put a layer on top of the copper to act as a barrier from the harsh climate of India at times.  This artifact is a great indicator of the technology of the Gupta empire as it highlights the ability of the people of the gupta to build and maintain a monument of such strength.  This pillar was able to withstand the test of time, as it did not corrode from the harsh environment around it, and it was strong enough continue standing even after being struck by what seems to be a cannonball.  The people living during the Gupta times were able to create such a sturdy pillar not only because of all of the time and effort that they put into making technological advancements for that time, but they were also able to use the money that they were making from trade.  All of the technological advancements that the people of the Gupta were able to make were a result of the people being able to come up with ideas and use their abundant resources to build something, such as the pillar, that they knew would be a testament to their people for years and years to come.  