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A shanty town, squatter area or squatter settlement is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood. A typical shanty town is squatted and in the beginning lacks adequate infrastructure, including proper sanitation, safe water supply, electricity and street drainage. Over time, shanty towns can develop their infrastructure and even change into middle class neighbourhoods. They can be small informal settlements or they can house millions of people.

First used in North America to designate a shack, the term shanty is likely derived from French chantier (construction site and associated low-level workers' quarters), or alternatively from Scottish Gaelic sean (pronounced ) meaning 'old' and taigh (pronounced ) meaning 'house[hold]'.

Globally, some of the largest shanty towns are Ciudad Neza in Mexico, Orangi in Pakistan and Dharavi in India. They are known by various names in different places, such as favela in Brazil, villa miseria in Argentina and gecekondu in Turkey. Shanty towns are mostly found in developing nations, but also in the cities of developed nations, such as Athens, Los Angeles and Madrid. Cañada Real is considered the largest informal settlement in Europe, and Skid Row is an infamous shanty town in Los Angeles. Shanty towns are sometimes found on places such as railway sidings, swampland or disputed building projects.

Shanty towns tend to begin as improvised shelters on squatted land. People build shacks from whatever materials are easy to acquire, for example wood or mud. There are no facilities such as electricity, gas, sewage or running water. The squatters choose areas such as railway sidings, preservation areas or disputed building projects. Swiss journalist Georg Gerster has noted (with specific reference to the invasões of Brasilia) that "squatter settlements [as opposed to slums], despite their unattractive building materials, may also be places of hope, scenes of a counter-culture, with an encouraging potential for change and a strong upward impetus". Stewart Brand has observed that shanty towns are green, with people recycling as much as possible and tending to travel by foot, bicycle, rickshaw or shared taxi, though this is mainly due to the generally poor economic situation found.

A shanty town in Hong Kong.

While most shanty towns begin as precarious establishments haphazardly thrown together without basic social and civil services, over time, some have undergone a certain amount of development. Often the residents themselves are responsible for the major improvements. Community organizations sometimes working alongside NGOs, private companies, and the government, set up connections to the municipal water supply, pave roads, and build local schools. Some of these shanties have become middle class suburbs. One such example is the Los Olivos neighbourhood of Lima, Peru, which now contains gated communities, casinos, and plastic surgery clinics.

Some Brazilian favelas have also seen improvements in recent years and can even attract tourists. Development occurs over a long period of time and newer towns still lack basic services. Nevertheless, there has been a general trend whereby shanties undergo gradual improvements, rather than relocation to even more distant parts of a metropolis.

In Africa, many shanty towns are starting to implement the use of composting toilets and solar panels. In India, people living in slums have access to cell phones and the internet.

Pope Francis argues in his 2015 encyclical letter Laudato si' that shanty town settlements should be developed, if possible, rather than people being moved on and their settlements destroyed. He and the Catholic Church's Council for Justice and Peace have emphasised the need for information, involvement and choice being offered to people being moved on.

Shanty towns are present in a number of developing countries. In Francophone countries, shanty towns are referred to as bidonvilles (French for "can town"); such countries include Haiti, where Cité Soleil houses between 200,000 and 300,000 people on the edge of Port-au-Prince.

In 2016, 62% of Africa's population was living in shanty towns. Khayelitsha in Cape Town, South Africa is reputed to be the largest shanty town in Africa and is a city in itself.[dubious ] The 2011 census revealed its population to be 99% black and a 2012 inquiry found that 12,000 households had no toilet. The Joe Slovo shanty town, also in Cape Town, houses an estimated 20,000 people. Shack dwellers in South Africa organise themselves in groups such as Abahlali baseMjondolo and Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign.[better source needed ]

In Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, Kibera has between 200,000 and 1 million residents. There is no running water and inhabitants use a flying toilet in which faeces are collected in a plastic bag then thrown away. Mathare is a collection of slums which contain around 500,000 people. In Zambia, the informal housing areas are known as kombonis and approximately 80% of the people in the capital Lusaka are living in them.

The largest shanty town in Asia is Orangi in Karachi, Pakistan, which had an estimated 1.5 million inhabitants in 2011. The Orangi Pilot Project aims to lift local people out of poverty. It was begun by Akhtar Hameed Khan and run by Parveen Rehman until her murder in 2013. Residents laid sewage pipes themselves and almost all of Orangi's 8,000 streets are now connected. In India, an estimated one million people live in Dharavi, a shanty town built on a former mangrove swamp in Mumbai. It is one of the most densely populated places on the globe. In 2011, there were at least four improvised settlements in Mumbai containing even more people. There are in total 3.4 million people living in the 5,000 informal settlements of Bangladesh's capital city Dhaka.

Thailand has 5,500 informal settlements, one of the largest being a shanty town in the Khlong Toei District of Bangkok. In China, 171 urban villages were demolished before the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. As of 2005, there were 346 shanty towns in Beijing, housing 1.5 million people. Author Robert Neuwirth wrote that around six million people, half the population of Istanbul lived in gecekondu areas.

In Hong Kong, the Kowloon Walled City housed up to 50,000 people, with rooftop slums currently providing some additional housing.

The world's largest shanty town is Ciudad Neza or Neza-Chalco-Itza, which is part of the city of Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, next to Mexico City. Estimates of its population range from 1.2 million to 4 million.

Brazil has many favelas. In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, it was calculated in 2000 that over 20% of its 6.5 million inhabitants were living in more than 600 favelas. For example, Rocinha is home to an estimated 80,000 inhabitants. It has developed into a densely populated neighbourhood with some buildings reaching six storeys high. There are theatres, schools, nurseries and local newspapers.

In Argentina, shanty towns are known as villas miseria. As of 2011, there were 500,000 people living in 864 informal settlements in the metropolitan Buenos Aires area. In Peru, they are known as pueblos jóvenes ("young towns"), as campamentos in Chile, and as asentamientos in Guatemala.

Shanty town along the Martin Pena Canal in Puerto Rico (1970s).

During the 1930s Great Depression, shanty towns nicknamed Hoovervilles sprang up across the United States. Following the Great Depression, squatters lived in shacks on landfill sites beside the Martin Pena canal in Puerto Rico and were still there in 2010. More recently, cities such as Newark and Oakland have witnessed the creation of tent cities. The Umoja Village shanty town was squatted in 2006 in Miami, Florida. There are also colonias near the border with Mexico.

Although shanty towns are now generally less common in developed countries in Europe, they still exist. The growing influx of migrants has fuelled shantytowns in cities commonly used as a point of entry into the European Union, including Athens and Patras in Greece. The Calais Jungle in France had grown to over 8,000 people by the time of its clearance in October 2016. Bidonvilles exist in the peripheries of some French cities. The state authorities recorded 16,399 people living in 391 slums across the country in 2012. Of these, 41% lived on the outskirts of Paris.

In Madrid, Spain, a shanty town named Cañada Real is considered the largest informal settlement in Europe. It has an estimated 8,628 inhabitants, who are mainly Spanish, Romani and north African, but only one mobile health unit. After 40 years, property developers began to take an interest in the site in 2012.

There have been cardboard cities in London and Belgrade. In some cases, shanty towns can persist in gentrified areas that local governments have yet to redevelop, or in regions of political dispute. A major historical example was the Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong.

In Australia and New Zealand, there were many shanty towns before World War II, some of which still exist (for example Wyee, a suburb of the Central Coast).

A shanty town in Manila, Philippines

Many films have been shot in shanty towns. Slumdog Millionaire centres on characters who spend most of their lives in Indian shanty towns. The Brazilian film was set in Cidade de Deus and filmed in another favela, called Cidade Alta. White Elephant, a 2012 Argentinian movie, is set in a villa miseria in Buenos Aires. The South African film is largely set in a township called Chiawelo, from which people had been forcibly resettled.

The 2016 Chinese TV series tells the story of shantytown clearance in Beiliang, Baotou, Inner Mongolia.

A 2023 Nigerian crime thriller titled Shanty Town was released on Netflix on January 20, 2023. It is a six-part series that tells the story of a ruthless leader named Scar ( Chidi Mokeme) who handles a lot of dirty business and is popularly regarded as the King of Shanty Town.

Video games such as have levels located in fictional shanty towns.

Reggae singer Desmond Dekker sang a song called " 007 (Shanty Town)".

1. ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the city. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 0-415-25225-3.

2. ^ Gerster, Georg (1978). Flights of Discovery: The Earth from Above. London: Paddington. p. 116.

3. Stewart Brand,^ Stewart Brand on New Urbanism and squatter communities Archived 2011-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, The New Urban Network, reprinted from Whole Earth Discipline, Penguin.

4. ^

5. Pope Francis (2015), ^ Laudato si', paragraph 152, accessed 16 February 2024

6. Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (2004), ^ Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, paragraph 482, accessed 16 February 2024

7. ^

8. ^

9. ^ Originally published in Spanish at Desinformémonos.

10. ^ Chigunta, Francis; Gough, Katherine V.; Langevang, Thilde (2016). "Young entrepreneurs in Lusaka: Overcoming constraints through ingenuity and social entrepreneurship". In Gough, Katherine V.; Langevang, Thilde (eds.). Young Entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Routledge Spaces of Childhood and Youth Series. Routledge. pp. 67-79. ISBN 978-1-317-54837-9.

11. ^ "ISUH home" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2013.

12. ^ Neuwirth, Robert (2004). Shadow cities : a billion squatters, a new urban world. Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 0-415-93319-6.

13. ^ What America Looked Like: Puerto Rican Slums in the Early 1970s Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine The Atlantic (July 17, 2012)

14. ^ "Calais 'Jungle' cleared of migrants, French prefect says". BBC News. 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019.

15. ^ Aguilera, Thomas (2017). "Everyday resistances in French slums". In Chattopadhay, Sutapa; Mudu, Pierpaolo (eds.). Migration, squatting and radical autonomy. Routledge. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-138-94212-7.

16. ^ Showdown Looms Over Europe's Largest Shantytown Archived 2018-06-22 at the Wayback Machine LAUREN FRAYER, National Public Radio (Washington DC), April 27, 2012.

17. ^ "Inside the 100-year-old 'shantytown' almost unchanged since WWI". ABC News. 6 October 2017.

18. ^ Roston, Tom (11 April 2008). "'Slumdog Millionaire' shoot was rags to riches". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019.

19. ^ Shanty town at IMDb .

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A shanty town, squatter area or squatter settlement is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood. A typical shanty town is squatted and in the beginning lacks adequate infrastructure, including proper sanitation, safe water supply, electricity and street drainage.

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http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/shanty-town-royalty-free-image/157318271
This town is extremely crowed. The houses don't look very stable and they seemed to be connected together. If there where to be a natural disaster such as a earthquake all of the houses would collapse in an instance. Due to the houses being so closely packed together sicknesses and diseases will spread very easily. There is not a lot of free land so the residents will become very claustrophobic. I can't see any drinkable water anywhere in this town. To resolve this towns problems a few houses will need to be knocked down.

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The problems that come with a Shanty Town.
Pollution is a bad thing because there is less fresh air that people need to breath. Lack of water therefore making it hard to survive.
Flooding will definitely get rid of these small houses because they aren't as protected as our's are.
Electricity is a problem because the people will not be able to make food properly they will have to cook food on fire's instead.

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Problems with living in a shanty town are: the dense population, pollution, access to clean water and litter. The water in the river is very dirty and filled with trash which pollutes the water therefore you would get sick or even perish from the water.

The dense population of this area could scatter diseases through a endless amounts of people. This is also causes no independence for other people living in this area.

Pollution will effect the people living in this area because they will get an environment that has unfiltered air. The exposure of the air pollution could effect people's breathing and general health.

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The Shanty towns dis advantages are:  no clean Water, Very Cramped, TRASHED.
This Town has a very cramped houses and the Large Families that live here are living in smaller more cramped homes. This Shanty town has a very dirty water supply the people living here may get sick or get diseases from drinking the swampy water. The city looks  trashed as in  lots of trash lying around. The people who live here have a very poor education. The people who live  here work for very poor companies. Some people have

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The Shanty town is to over crowded and the houses are packed together looking like there is not much space and the houses have really poor quality and it looks like there is not really a source of clean water for the people to drink and the houses look like the can fall and get destroyed easily and there is not much access to health care.

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Photo : https://www.aaas.org/news/stpf/researchers-seek-sustainable-ways-improve-conditions-worlds-poor

The houses are very small and large families are cramped into one small house with unsanitary conditions. This means, some people don't have access to clean water and drinking water that isn't clean can cause diseases and sickness. Because of the disease and sickness, people cannot work and may not be able to afford to go to a hospital which might lead to death. In Jakarta, it rains a lot,  which means that flooding might take place and the poor quality houses might not be able to stand against the flood.

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There are small and bad houses and over population. The water is dirty and it can make them sick, unhealthy or it can even kill them. They are living in a bad place and with not good medical care / hospitals.

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The people who live there won't get access to clean water as the water is muddy which will lead to sickness or possibly death and then limited jobs. No access to electricity which means the kids can't learn technology, when it gets dark the kids can't do their homework on pen and paper. There isn't security in this shanty town therefore, the probability of crime here increases. There isn't good medical care so if one of the people living here get sick they can't get treated which can cause death.

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This area in Jakarta is DEFINITELY NOT a nice place to live as there is clearly a problem with flooding and clean water. If there was to be a big storm or even just a regular sized storm, this small area will flood, leaving all the trash and pollution behind in one area. This leads to problems with clean drinking water as the water coming towards them is dirty on another level. The litter and garbage in the water make it EXTREMELY unhealthy to drink on a daily basis, let alone to drink it at all. If one drinks water as polluted as this they could get waterborne diseases such as Cholera. This then goes onto spreading diseases as ten to twenty people live in one small, cramped house. Since they don't have access to hospitals and other medical care centres to care for them, they will get sick quickly and always be in poor condition.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/357754764126921428/

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Photo from:
https://www.google.co.id/search?q=shanty+town+in+jakarta&espv=2&biw=1680&bih=949&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG7MLy1v_RAhULK48KHWJ2AZgQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=pNKk4WsiK5NBgM:

This shanty town has many problems.
For example:

Electricity
Powercuts
Dirty water
Lack of money

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https://jakartahiddentour.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/dsc02860.jpg?w=511&h=385
The Shanty Town has a lot of problems especially like power, dirty water, money, materials and food. They also can get flood when there is a big storm and also wind. People live here doesn't have Insurance if the house have some problem or its destroyed. Electricity is also a problem because the electricity  there is bad and they could also get a black out in most times and that causes kids cannot do there homework and no light. Water is also another big problem they cannot they cannot get tap water and also water from the river if they get one of these water they will get sick or might die because the water is dirty. Materials is also a problem because the materials could also be weak and they just get it randomly.

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Shanty towns, are towns/settlements that consist of houses that are made out of: bamboo, tin, scrap metal, weak metal etc. These shanty towns have a dirty water supply, due to the pollution cause by the city. These houses are also vulnerable to floods, which means that they could break easily. Some of these houses, are sentenced to be flooded, because where they are located. Some of the people living, in these Shanty towns, bathe in the river which is just horrific. Not only do they bathe, but they put all their waste ( human waste ), they wash their clothes their, etc. This is because they cannot afford to pay for clean water, to wash their clothes, to bathe etc. Another problem for living in these towns, are the bad water supply.

The majority of the people living in these shanty towns, also drink the water because they cannot afford clean water. This is very bad due to all the dirty minerals in the water. It could make the person who is drinking the water sick, which is bad because they would have to buy money for medicine. Another reason that this is bad, is because if the person who is working rapidly drinks this water, they might become sick and might not earn any money. Another problem that can be caused to the houses, is they are easily broken by the weather.

The weather is also one of the major problems for shanty towns. If the weather was very bad (raging storms, lots of rain) it could easily destroy these shanty houses, because of the weakness of these houses. Overall, living in Shanty houses is a very hard life due to all these problems.

Image from: https://www.google.co.id/search?q=Shanty+town&safe=strict&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=703&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuxp_31v_RAhXILI8KHThxAiYQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=ZEEyQI8avqFmuM:

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanty_town
This picture shows how unhygienic the infrastructure of the shanty towns are. The houses look like they have just been created by materials they found, this may lead to easy destruction, house flooding etc. If the weather is extremely inconsistent (raining a lot although sometimes really hot) houses can get demolished; people could lose their belongings. Also, in these Shanty towns people don't have access to electricity/internet so children will be limited with education. In Shanty Towns the people won't have access to clean water; which leads to diseases/sicknesses and deaths.

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Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanty_town

This is one of the shanty town in Jakarta, Indonesia. There are many problems in this shanty town. This shanty town, as you can see has many trashes in front of the houses. This makes the people living in the bad condition with dirty smells. Also, Access to clean water is needed. The consequences of drinking the  drink dirty water,  the people will get illness and can't even go to the hospital and in the worse case,  people will die. Access to electricity is also needed because people can't study in the dark. They will drop out of the school because they can't do homework and can't afford the money to go to the school. People also has to eat. However if they can't afford the money to buy food, the markets will close one by one. Eventually, the markets will be all closed soon.  The houses are made out of unsafe materials. As you can see, just few cardboard and woods, and tyre. It is very weak and if it rains, all of the houses will be destroyed. Therefore, people will have nowhere to live.

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https://photos.travelblog.org/Photos/67185/393377/f/3737248-Shanty-towns-in-Jakarta-2.jpg

This shanty town has a dirty water supply because of pollution, it could also cause flooding and the poor quality houses might not stand against flood. The shanty house are made out of tin and could get rusty under water making it dangerous for people to swim and walk. Without clean water supply people will get sick and won't work. This can cause them to not support their families. The poor quality houses are made out of tin that could be rusty underwater making it dangerous for people to walk to school and work. If you do not walk yo school, you will not get education which leads children not supporting their family. The houses could not withstand the force of the flood that could possibly lead to lost house or death by downing. Cell lines could fall into rivers and electrocute people.

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This is the one of the shanty town in Indonesia. There are lots of problems in shanty town. Some shanty town has a dirty water, when there is a bad weather, the house could destroyed. They can't eat healthy food, because they don't have enough money, and the water is dirty. Some children can't go to school, because they have to work.

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Credit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ter551/2482552470
This shanty town has really dirty water as you can see. If they can't afford money to buy clean water, they would have to drink this yellowish dirty water. The consequences of drinking dirty water would be that the people would have diseases. In the worse case, they would die. If people are sick they wouldn't be able to work and earn money. Therefore they wouldn't have money to buy food. The markets may close down because these people would not be able to afford money to buy food from the markets. Then the people working in market would have nowhere to work and the same thing would repeat again and again. Many markets may close down soon if these continues and repeats.

The houses in shanty town are very unsafe. These houses are made up of the materials the residents find and the materials are usually rubbish and the materials might not be reliable. Often the houses would be destroyed by flood, lightening and other natural disasters because of weak materials. The residents would have nowhere to live therefore, they will have to live with someone and pay the bill for them. They won't have much money, so they would drink dirty waters and that may cause diseases. The disease will move to other people and they would have disease too. They would die soon if they don't have the medical care however they don't have money.

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Credits to- https://news.mongabay.com/
Air pollution has long been a vital problem in the lives of Jakarta citizens. Air pollution is a huge problem for the health of the citizens since it can harmful for their lungs and perhaps cause several diseases such as strokes, lung cancers and other things. In the picture below, we can see a woman wearing a mask, which is an item that is used to cover ones nose and mouth. We can see that she (whoever she is) is using a mask because of the unbelievably destructive smoke from the various transports behind her. Looking at the greyish-brown color of the air around her connotes that there is a colossal amount air pollution everywhere.

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Show me how well you understand the impacts of urbanisation on the people of Jabodetabek

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Show me how well you understand the impacts of urbanisation on the people of Jabodetabek

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Choose a picture and embed it into your padlet.  Then write a detailed paragraph explaining the impacts on people.  Say whether it is a social, economic, environmental or political impact (the P is the hard one!)
Here's my example....  I bet you can do a better one.

Houses are small and very close together with large families crammed into the small homes.  This overcrowding can causes diseases to spread very quickly between people. This is made worse due to the unsanitary conditions. Drinking water is often polluted by sewage meaning water borne diseases like cholera are common.