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Descriptive text generally concentrates on describing a particular object, event, person, or location. It tries to conjure the text's subject's sights, sounds, scents, tastes, and feel using all five of the reader's senses.

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Telling a tale or detailing how something happened is referred to as recounting text. As a result, recount text may be described as text that recounts a story. The purpose is to describe pas experiences by retelling events in the order in which they/it happened.
A. Generic Structures:
- Orientation
- Events
- Reorientation

B. Language Features:
- Using chronological connection
- Using linking verb
- Using action verb
- Using simple past tense

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Narrative text is a type of writing that recounts a narrative from a certain point of view and can be presented in a variety of ways, including words, images, and sounds. Its goal is to tell a story, entertain the reader, and draw them into an imaginary experience. Some linguistic qualities of narrative writing include:
- Using of past tense
- Using adverb of time (Once upon the time, One day, etc)
- Using of the adverb time (Before, ..)
- Using temporal Conjunction
- Using direct speech
- Using specific noun as pronoun of person, animal in the story

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Song lyric is written to express the singer or song writer feeling. It is kind of text that emphasizes rhythm and sound.
A. Text Structure
1. Verse    = where the story of the song is developed
2. Chorus = the culmination of the big ideas in the song
3. Bridge  = a change of pace in a song, both lyrically and musically

B. Language Feature
1. Metaphor = A comparison made between things which are essentially not alike
2. Simile = Like a metaphor and often uses the words 'like' or 'as'
3. Personification = When something that is not human is given human-like qualities
4. Hyperbole = Exaggerating, often in a humorous way, to make a particular point
5. Onomatopoeia = When you name an action by imitating the sound associated with it
6. Idiom = An expression used by a particular group of people with a meaning that is only known through common use
7. Synecdoche = A figure of speech using a word or words that are a part to represent a whole
8. Assonance = When you repeat a vowel sound in a phrase
9. Metonymy = A figure of speech where one thing is replaced with a word that is closely associated with it

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A report text is a factual text that provides or presents information about something as it is. It is as a result of systemic observation and analysis.
- Sentence Structure:
a. Use of present tense
b. Use of passive voice
c. Use of words which generalize
d. Use of relational verbs
e. Use of technical vocabulary relevant to the subject
f. Use of descriptive but factual language
g. Use of relating verbs

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Exposition text is to convey the author's views on an issue.
-Generic Structure
a. Thesis statement
b. Arguments
c. Recommendation

- Language Feature
1. Use of simple present tense
2. Use of temporal connectives (firstly, secondly, etc.)
3. Use of evaluative words (importantly, valuably, etc.)
4. Use of technical terms

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An explanation text is a text which discusses theory, definition, ideology, phenomenon, opinion, or other things related to natural phenomenon. The purpose is to explain the processes something exists and is formed or why something happens.
A. Generic Statement
- General statement
- Sequenced Structure
B. Language Feature
- Featuring generic participant (sun, rain, etc)
- Using chronological connection
- Using passive voice pattern
- Using simple present tense
- Using the action verbs
- Using noun phrase
- Using noun phrase
- Using adverbial phrase
- Using conjunction cause-effect
- Using conjunction of time

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Personal letter is a letter that is personally written and sent by a person to another person or to a certain institution or organization.
- The form of a personal letter:
a. Date
b. Name
c. Salutation and Name of Recipient
d. Introduction
e. Body
f. Closure
g. Complimentary Close
h. Signature

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Caption is a brief text to complete a picture or illustration. The purpose is to explain the message in a picture, chart, graphic, table, or diagram.
-> The characteristics of caption:
- Clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious
- It is succinct (brief and to the point)
- Establishes the picture's relevance to the article
- Provides context for the picture
- Draws the reader into the article
- Use prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, participial phrase, adjective phrase, questions, or exclamations.

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An application letter is a businessdocument, part of the important correspondence between applicant and organization, firm or company, institution or various boards and committees that publish a vacancy.
-> Text structure
-Applicant's address
- Date
- Recipients
- Addressee
- Title
- First paragraph
- Content
- Last paragraph
- Closing
- Enclosures

-> Language features:
- Using simple present tense
- Using polite, effective, and communicative language
- Using an appropriate greeting and a traditional salutation

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News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The purpose is to inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
-> Parts of the text:
a. Headline
b. Summary
c. Quotation

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A procedure text is a text that outlines the phases of an activity or the stages involved in doing or producing something. The purpose is to describe the process of completing something in a series of phases.
-> Generic Structure:
1. Goals or purposes
2. Materials or tools
3. Steps or methods