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Beowulf is the longest epic poem in Old English.

Ø  Do you understand the meaning?

We understand the meaning of the words in English, but we don’t understand the whole meaning of the text because we don’t know the context of the text and because we think that the sentences are bad structured and unlinked. However, after watching the video in the website, we were able to figure out that is a text addressed to citizens in which we can find out that the beginning of the poem captures the public´s attention.

Ø  Looking closer can you decipher some meaning in some of the words? Note the words, the spelling, grammatical endings, the word order.

In the video that we watched, there was a man reading the text in Old English. We have read the text while the men was reading it too, at the same time, so we could decipher the following meanings because of the sound and pronunciation of the man.

Dna --> A

Dazum --> day/datum (german)

Fremedom --> freedom

Funden --> find/ finden (german)

Under -->under

Polenum -->polemic

Him --> him

God -->god

Ø  Which other languages help you decipher or can you spot parts of?

Due to we know English and also we have basic knowledge of German, we were able to decipher the words above.

Ø  Which sounds are different form today’s English, can you pronounce them? Why can you easily, or can you not?

Most of the sounds are different except some words such as under, him , god (from the list).

Ø  Put into context: What is the cultural learning here? How does it link with linguistics (vocabulary, spelling, grammar, phonetics)?

With this activity we can see the evolution of English over the years and we also observed how, despite knowing the current English language, it has been hard work to decipher the meaning of both the text and its words.

http://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item126510.html

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Ø Do you understand the meaning?
After reading and listening to it, you can understand what is said as well as understand the meaning. It also helps that there is an introduction, because otherwise it would be harder to understand.

Ø Looking closer can you decipher some meaning in some of the words? Note the words, the spelling, grammatical endings, the word order.
We are able to recognize some words however, the spelling is different to Modern English. The sentences are longer than the ones we use. "Th"-words are written with a p-like symbol and depending on the ending e.g. "that" there is a different symbol attached. "Y" seems to be used as a modern "i" sound (payn -> pain). The word order is same as in Modern English.

Ø Which other languages help you decipher or can you spot parts of?
- silent h at the beginning of words like in French

Ø Which sounds are different form today’s English, can you pronounce them? Why can you easily, or can you not?
Examples:
- "beseech": "ch" as a rather harsh, German ch, "ee" as æ
- "hear": silent h
-"my": pronounced me
-"heartedly": silent ed
-"knoweth": silent e
-"righ": ch sound as in German
In general we can say that the sounds are harsher than in modern English ("ch"), the rhythm is a little different.

ØPut into context: What is the cultural learning here? How does it link with linguistics (vocabulary, spelling, grammar, phonetics)?
The language used seems formal and very exaggerating in our modern eyes. Even though it is a love letter, it is filled with religious symbols (holy trinity etc.). The worries of the women (not getting married because of her low dowery) were very important back then, but can’t be found in our lives anymore. As the language appears to be formal for us, it was most likely ordinary for them. The words being used can’t be found in today’s everyday English because there is no need for them anymore or were replaced. It is another proof that language is constantly changing.

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Some words have different spellings in the text, i. e. company is written "companye" and "cumpany", shall is both "shall" and "schall".
The letter Y is used a lot where we now use the letter I ("ys" for "is", "hys" for "his", "yll" for "ill")
We can see the influences of Latin and German.
The structure of the sentences is quite similar to the structures of modern English.
There is no audio, but we can assume that the pronunciation isn't how it is today, as they used different spellings and it is from half a millennia ago.
Because it is written by a King, it is high-class English.

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What we have undertood while reading the poem is that it is about a boat trip  of pilgrims form London to Canterbury. In the poem it says they drink sweet liquor, sing songs with melody and watch the sunrise and sunset.

sweet liquor - swich licour
young son - yonge sonne
melody -  melodye
sleep all the night with open eye - slepen al the nyght with open ye
they went from England to Canterbury - Of Engelond to Caunterbury they wende
time, ride, wide, knight - tyme, ryde, wyde. knyght

English and French (chambre, tendre)

some words can easily pronounced because they are similar written to the modern English but there are also words that are hard to pronouce, e.g. everichon, hosterlye

The linguistics are sure about how middle English sounds because they know how  the old and the modern English sound. Middle English used a lot of rhyming and rhytmical intonation. The use a lot of "y" instead of an "i", as we do in today's English.

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The meaning of the advert, is to tell about a somehow cheap medicine, and how you use it. If you use it the right way, you get immune, or get well again.

Some words are spelled with an f, but pronounced like a s. For example : Bleffing (blessing), Fay (say), fo (so), felves (selves), and so on.

for it if my Cheifeft goal to do good, and not to gain= the word in itself we don't understand, but in this context we get a sense of what it means.

The language looks like old english language, and so we use the our knowledge from the modern english language to understand the context, and meaning of the word.

Through the sound file, there aren't any words or sounds that sound different in pronounciation, than it does in todays english language.

Vocabulary, phonetics: Very much the same as todays english

Spelling : some differences, like f instead og s in some cases, even though they are pronounced the same.

Grammatical : They use capital letters a lot more than we do today, in words like Vomiting, Children, Women, Men, Sore, Swelling, Fevers in the middle of a sentence.

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Meaning: the betrayal of the steward

Meaning of the words: suffix -EST used for the second person singular (thou) - present and past tenses.  -"I" for present tense, "ile" for future + conjugation of will. "Love" equals care, "care" equals acknowledging.
"Lyver" instead of liver, "Sonne" for son.

Language spotted: Danish similar sentence structure ?

Different sounds: the "r" is rolled. "Meates" = mates, "One" the stress is on the first vowel.

Context: The great vowel shift.

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In the year 793 there were forwarnings ( signs) coming over the land Northumbria.

There were amazing strikes of lightning, whirlwinds, and a “fiery dragon was seen in the sky” (sunspots most likely)

A great famine followed these signs and shortly in the same year on the 9th of january the vikings destroyed and robbed the church in lindisfarne. Siga died the 22th of feb. (nobleman king killer? )

We recognize a few words such as ann dccxciii (year)  cumene (come) ofer (over) land (land) , Danish / German / Latin /  can help in deciphering the text. A lot of the sounds are very different from today's English. Land was one of the few words that stayed the same.

The cultural context is of course that of a historical account, therefore we can assume the language used is most likely “common talk”  and therefore it should be easy to understand and comprehensible. For a modern day English speaker, It’s a lot harder to understand, and comprehend the meaning, if I weren't for an existing translation it would be hard to grasp the language used.

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We understand the meaning of the recipe, but we would not be able to produce the dish that it describes

Yes we are able to understand the meaning of some sentences.

Take and make a foyle of gode past with a roller of a foot brode.

German and French, we can spot parts of French words and German words

broun, serue

The word sounds are different because of their spelling, we are not able to pronounce them correctly

The dish is for a member of the Nobility like a Marquess, Earl or Baron. This is seen in the ingredients list of the dish, it contains Safran, Almonds, Sandalwood, Figs and Raisins

It shows a higher class of Vocabulary usage, it uses Pork instead pig. So the dish is for the people that are raised above the Peasants. This is also seen by the fact that there are no amounts mentioned, so the people cooking are expected to have plenty in stock.

In terms of grammar we can observe that they don’t use capital letters at the start of a sentence, and in many cases the application of capital appears random. The spelling is written so that it makes sense. They know not to place long in front of foot.

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William Blakes Notebook 1795

1. Poem - LONDON
It's about sorrow and death
It is written in the old language

2.
-Charter´d street - Broken/Dirty street
- Marks of Woe - Marks of Sorrow
-Hearse (Coffin) Gravkiste
- Manacles (Handcuffs)
-Chimney-Sweepers (Someone cleaning fireplaces)
-Appalls (Horrifying) Every blackning church appalls - Burned down churches are a horrifying vision.
-Hapless Soldiers (Unfortunate) Soldiers

3. Only from the English language

4.
Most of the text is understandable, it's only the really old-fashioned words like the one above. Words that are not used anymore in daily life, English language.

5.
Literary text He is writing about the lower class society He does not write about himself - he puts himself higher Like he is better than them, he looks down on them and judges them. Maybe he blames them for the surroundings