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The ill-structured problem that is presented in this padlet revolves around Environmental threats. This problem is ongoing and has caused so much harm to not only the health of human beings but also the life of endangered species, sea life, and many more living creatures. Although the harm to the environment isn't something that is talked about often, it is interesting to understand the concepts of why global warming is rising and why deforestation continues to take place, etc... The ill-structured problem can be prevented in matters that are presented such as speaking up, being knowledgeable, and recycling.

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7 Biggest Threats to the Environment - Why We Still Need Earth Day (inhabitat.com)
2. By: Lori Zimmer
2. Title: 7 Biggest Threats to the Environment- Why We Still Need Earth Day
2. Date: April 1, 2018
3. Views/Access: March 1, 2022
4. Popular Culture Concept: The use of agency because of the different threats to the environment being listed and many ways to prevent those threats.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: The appeal being used is doxa because the article shows the shared values as to why Earth day is needed but also a description of climate change, for example. It ensures that people are aware of the threats and why they are important to know that way false doctrine isn't around.
6. Reading the article helped me understand that it's not only global warming or climate change that is affecting our world, there is so much more that isn't mentioned as often and if we keep gaining knowledge about pollution or deforestation we could be a better change to the world and make little changes to our lives such as picking up waste and recycling.
Citation:
Zimmer, Lori. "7 Biggest Threats to the Environment- Why We Still Need Earth Day, April 1, 2018, 7 Biggest Threats to the Environment - Why We Still Need Earth Day (inhabitat.com)

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Inhabitat - Green Design, Innovation, Architecture, Green Building | Green design & innovation for a better world

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This Sunday is Earth Day, and while it's a time to celebrate our planet, it's also a prime opportunity to take a closer look at the serious environmental issues we're facing and the solutions that need to be put in place to alleviate them. Ignorance may be bliss, but it's getting increasingly difficult to ignore the damage we've done to the environment, especially when the effects have been hitting so close to home. If you want to make this Earth Day an opportunity to educate yourself about the problems, read on as we break down the 7 biggest environmental threats facing our society right now and how we might be able to solve them before it's too late.

Climate Change

Climate change is first and foremost an issue because people can't even agree on whether or not it's an issue in the first place. Before we even get into the solutions, we all (regardless of political party) need to come to the realization that yes, climate change is real and yes, it is affecting us in ways that we can see and feel. If you still believe that the freakish weather and heat waves we've been experiencing have nothing to do with climate change, you might want to ask your neighbor what he or she thinks because the majority of Americans say they believe global warming is causing these incidents.

You might have noticed that the weather's been hotter than usual, or you might have noticed a drought in your area or conversely, unusual storms. Furthermore, even small temperature changes are causing crops to die, decreasing the amount of food available. On top of all that, higher temps are causing the polar icecaps to melt, flooding certain areas and leading to an imbalance for wildlife.

So we know the threat is real, but what can we do to prevent climate change from being exacerbated even more? Some small steps you can take in your own life are to use less electricity by turning off your lights when you don't need them, driving less,switching to LED bulbs and eating less meat. On a more global scale, leaders have come to an agreement on how to curb harmful greenhouse gases - even if the US is the only country not participating - and steps are being taken to plant more forests (which act as natural carbon sinks). Every bit helps, but in order for us to reverse the current course the Earth is on, the United States needs to commit to the Paris Agreement and, along with the rest of the world, work towards a greener planet.

Deforestation

We mentioned planting more forests above, and sadly at a time when we need more forests, trees are being uprooted at an alarming rate. Deforestation is a rapidly-growing problem in areas like Africa, Central and South America. Not only does this mean less trees, less cleansing oxygen, and the displacement of the wildlife, deforestation means a dangerous decrease in a natural fighter of global warming - the #1 threat to our Earth right now. Removing trees also leads to much drier climates, as trees extract groundwater to release into the air.

Our tropical rainforests, which are crucial to stabilizing the climate and to human survival, are being chopped down at a breakneck pace - one and a half acres of rainforest are lost every second. Humans have already chopped down about 50% of the rainforests that once existed on the planet and at the current rate of destruction, we will completely destroy the rainforests in the next 40 years. If rainforests are so important, why are they being destroyed so carelessly? Short-sighted governments and multi-national logging companies only see the forests as a way to make money by selling timber - they don't consider the long-term effects.

Luckily, deforestation is an issue that we as individuals can combat. By using recycled paper, we can decrease the need to cut down as many trees and by buying goods made with FSC-certified wood, we can show retailers that we don't want them to support brands that obtain lumber irresponsibly. Last but not least, why not plant a tree or even a hundred trees like this man did.

Pollution

Pollution comes in many forms and no matter where you live, you've probably seen some form of it. From litter on NYC city streets to the smog that lingers over LA to the plastic trash that floats in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the visible signs of pollution are more than evident. The main reason for why pollution has gotten so out of control is that our desire for more "stuff" has led to our old stuff being thrown away at an alarming and unnecessary rate. For more information on this, watch Annie Leonard's Story of Stuff. This need for manufactured items also leads to the air and water pollution emitted from factories, which in many countries are highly unregulated. Looking at the bigger picture, government oversight and sloppy industrial practices on the part of big companies has also exacerbated our pollution problem.

The first thing we can all do to reduce the amount of pollution in our streets, air and water is to make a mental change. Before buying a new product, ask yourself if you really need it or if you might be able to purchase it secondhand. It could make a big difference in the amount of trash we see in our landfills. Secondly, if you don't already recycle, get into the habit. If everyone adopted these easy principles, the world would be in a much better place.

Loss of Biodiversity

Each species has a role in our planet, and when one dies out, it can have catastrophic effects on the rest of us. We don't want to get all "Butterfly Effect" on you but even a population dwindling can cause major problems for the human race. For example, with their role of pollination, the decline of the bee population has a direct effect on both the environment and food production. Currently, many other animals are in danger of becoming extinct, either from being forced out of their habitats by man or by climate change.

This particular problem is more difficult for individuals to combat but we can start by educating ourselves with the facts and donating to organizations like theWorld Wildlife Fund that facilitate the preservation of animals on the brink of extinction. This problem is also closely linked to deforestation and unchecked habitat destruction so by fighting those two issues, we can also slow down loss of biodiversity.

Melting Polar Ice-Caps and Rising Sea Levels

Climate change (are you seeing a trend here?) also contributes to another dangerous problem - melting polar ice-caps, which in turn causes rising sea levels. According to the NRCD, average temperatures in the Arctic region are rising twice as fast they are elsewhere and the ice is melting and rupturing. NASA satellite images reveal that the area of our permanent ice cover is shrinking at a rate of 9% every decade. At that rate, the Arctic could be totally ice-free in the summer season within decades.

And if all of that ice melted, where would it go? You guessed it - our oceans. You might think that rising tides are only a problem for people in a few isolated areas, but major cities like NY and London could be underwater soon if we don't do something soon. Manhattan alone has already dreamt up ways to deal with the potential rising tides over the next few years, but coming up with solutions after the fact is not enough. In order to reverse the melting of polar icecaps, we have to start at the root of the problem. See our section above on climate change to learn what you can do personally to keep global warming from continuing on its deadly course.

Oceanic Dead Zones

Along the coasts of heavily populated communities, scientists have found more and more dead zones - areas where depleted oxygen levels cannot support marine life. 146 dead zones were found in the world's oceans, caused by high levels of chemicals in the waters. North America's Gulf Coast has a high concentration of dead zones, which causes fish to become unable to reproduce. You might think that if you live on land, you won't be affected by oceanic dead zones but if you eat seafood, seaweed, or care about air quality, you won't want to ignore this issue.

The good news is that dead zones can be reversed, though it is difficult. The Black Sea dead zone disappeared in 1991 and 2001 due to the discontinued use of fertilizers. To find out more about how you can help with dead zone cleanups, visit Oceana.org.

Explosive Population Growth

It's usually true that the more the merrier, but not when the human population is growing to a point that our society and systems can't handle. Last year, the world population hit a whopping7 billion, and while we welcome the newcomers with open arms, we also want to make sure that we don't continue to put a strain on our water, food, well-being, space and sanity (yes, we're talking about you, Tokyo subway system).

If everyone were more conscious of the fact that our limited resources need to be shared (how many times have you grabbed a fistful of paper napkins when you only needed one?), we could make living together, even with such a large amount of people) a lot more pleasant. Another example is our world food supply. Statistics show that we have enough food to feed everyone on the planet but we end up wasting so much (according to the National Resources Defense Council, Americans waste a whopping 30 to 50% of all food produced) that others go without.

While we might not be able to stop the population from growing, we can educate the people who currently live here and the new ones that are being born to make smarter choices and consume more responsibly.
Images from Wikimedia Commons, Shutterstock, ©James Cridland, @Kevin Crejci, and @No Minds Vision , lead image via Deposit Photos

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7 Biggest Threats to the Environment - Why We Still Need Earth Day

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This Sunday is Earth Day, and while it's a time to celebrate our planet, it's also a prime opportunity to take a closer look at the serious environmental issues we're facing and the solutions that need to be put in place to alleviate them.

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Environmental Threats | WWF (worldwildlife.org)
2. By: James Morgan
2. Title: Threats-- Illegal Fishing
2. Date: March 10, 2021
3. Views/Access: Accessed March 1, 2022
4. Popular Culture: When reading through the article and browsing through the different threats, illegal fishing offers a broad range of commodity, although it is mass-produced people tend to fish illegally which cause a huge threat to the ocean. The article itself is based on popular culture itself with inexpensive funds and ways to help by the adoption of animal life.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: The appeal offered is logos with statistical information and data that has been effectively recorded. The information is set to back up ACTS that have been taken place.
6. What I learned in this article is that there are many different environmental threats and illegal fishing is one of them. Although people seem to fish and go on, bait is being used that shouldn't be and then fish are being thrown back into the sea which can cause harm.
Citation:
Morgan, James. "Threats-- Illegal Fishing." , March 10, 2021, Environmental Threats | WWF (worldwildlife.org)
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To ensure a healthy future for species and places, WWF works to tackle the threats that impact the Earth.

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Endangered Ocean Animals | Smithsonian Ocean (si.edu)
2. By: Smithsonian Institution
2. Title: Endangered Ocean Animals
2. Date: N/A
3. Views/Access: Accessed February 25, 2022
4. Popular culture: Agency because of the information provided to make others feel connected or to make a change with different species in the ocean.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: Doxa is an appeal used because of shared values and the willingness to use a value to ensure the safety of species.
6. What I learned: I learned that many species are separated by endangered and threatened that way they have the care that they need and are received for data measures and ensure their existence is kept to records.
Citation:
Institution, Smithsonian. "Endangered Ocean Animals", February 25, 2022, Endangered Ocean Animals | Smithsonian Ocean (si.edu)

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The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was signed into law on December 28, 1973 by President Nixon. Over 2,000 species are currently on the ESA, and they are separated into "Threatened" and "Endangered" species. Endangered species are in danger of going extinct, while Threatened species are approaching Endangered status. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages those animals and plants listed that are found on land and in freshwater, and 137 marine species are managed by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Species that spend only part of their life cycle in the ocean, like salmon and sea turtles, are managed by both! Although marine species only make up around four percent of the the total species on the endangered species list, that doesn't mean that most are doing fine. The ocean can be a difficult place to study and data about the animals there may be lacking.

Many marine species have ranges that extend beyond national borders, and trade in endangered species is a global phenomenon. In these cases, protecting threatened and endangered species is helped by international agreements, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Whaling Commission. For example, about one-fourth of the ESA listed species are not found in in the U.S. and its waters, but are protected in conjunction with CITES.

Blue Whales
Credit: Jeremy Goldbogen

The largest of the whales, scientists estimate that there are between 5,000 and 12,000 blue whales throughout the ocean today. Whaling greatly depleted their population in the early 1900s. Although commercial whaling doesn't occur today, blue whales are still killed by getting caught in fishing gear, or from ship strikes. Here, a researcher places a tag on the large whale to track its movement.

Right Whales
Credit: Moira Brown/New England Aquarium

The rarest of all the large whales, there are three distinct species of right whales- North Atlantic, North Pacific and Southern, all of which are endangered. It's estimated that only around 450 North Atlantic right whales remain after being hunted for their oil and baleen for generations. As with blue whales, the two primary threats to right whales today are ship strikes and entanglement with fishing gear. New shipping regulations in the waters off New England, including speed limits and recommended routes, are thought to be helping this species begin to recover.

Staghorn & Elkhorn Coral
Credit: Albert Kok

Staghorn (seen here) and elkhorn corals are listed as Threatened under the ESA, as their numbers have fallen catastrophically due to disease. Listed in 2006, they were the only coral species under protection until 2014, when 20 other coral species were listed as threatened for a total of 22 species. Both staghorn and elkhorn coral are found in Caribbean waters and reproduce when bits of their branches break off and reattach to a hard surface. They also can reproduce through spawning, but only do so on a few days each year.

Johnson's Seagrass
Credit:
Lori Morris, St. Johns River Water Management District

Johnson's seagrass is the lone ocean plant listed under the Endangered Species Act. Its flowing green stalks play an important role in coastal ecosystems where they act as nursery grounds for small larval fish, and are eaten by the also-endangered West Indian manatee and green sea turtle. Already the rarest seagrass in the U.S. due to its limited distribution, it is threatened by disturbance from boats, dredging, storm waves, and poor water quality.

The Vaquita
Credit: Thomas Jefferson

The vaquita (Spanish for "little cow") is the world's smallest porpoise and usually grows only 5 ft (1.5 m) in length. Like Johnson's seagrass, vaquitas have a very limited distribution, as they are just found off the coast of Mexico in the northern part of the Gulf of California. They are the most endangered of the marine mammals, with a population size of less than 600 animals. But estimating their numbers is a difficult task considering their elusive nature-vaquitas move toward the surface of the water very slowly, where they take a quick breathe and barely disturb the surface.

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The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was signed into law on December 28, 1973 by President Nixon. Over 2,000 species are currently on the ESA, and they are separated into "Threatened" and "Endangered" species. Endangered species are in danger of going extinct, while Threatened species are approaching Endangered status. The U.S.

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https://www.nwf.org/Our-Work/Environmental-Threats
About: The National Wildlife Federation has been around for years and is founded by J.N darling. The goal of the foundation is to ensure that wildlife thrives in a rapidly changing world. They are strong believers in saving wildlife because of the animals that suffer in America. They are Inspiring the next generation of conservationists and mobilizing a diverse conservation army to broaden the stewardship ethic, conservation action, public and private investments, and support for policy changes necessary to save thousands of at-risk species in time.

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Healthy environments support healthy wildlife. Twenty-first century threats to our environment-including invasive species, diseases, pollution, and a warming climate-are putting wildlife populations at risk. The National Wildlife Federation unites Americans addressing these environmental threats and protecting our wildlife and their habitats. By doing so, we're not just helping our wildlife to flourish-we're helping people live healthier lives too.

Rachel Carson brought widespread attention to the ecological dangers of pesticide use in 1962, sparking a concern for our environment that reverberates into present day. As our nation's population continues to grow, our environment faces increasing strain. The National Wildlife Federation is fighting for more assertive policies to address modern threats and restore healthy wildlife populations, from curbing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon sequestration, to protecting at-risk populations from toxic chemicals, contaminants, and non-native invaders. We're also seeking innovative ways to solve current problems and prevent new threats from emerging.

Confronting Climate Change

Climate change is exacerbating many of the environment issues we currently face. It poses a significant long-term threat that demands our collective action to prevent its root causes and cope with its impacts.

Pollution from harmful greenhouse gas emissions, most notably carbon dioxide, is the leading cause of climate change. The National Wildlife Federation's vital efforts include the reduction of greenhouse gas pollution through wildlife-friendly clean energy policies and projects, as well as reducing deforestation both nationally and internationally. Beyond our borders, we promote sustainable production methods through the development of market-based solutions and strategies for important agricultural commodities such as palm oil, soy, and biomaterials.

In addition to deforestation, burning fossil fuels contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The National Wildlife Federation addresses this issue by reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and advocating for renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. In addition to preventative measures, the National Wildlife Federation is a leader in " climate-smart conservation," looking ahead and integrating new challenges created by climate change into our conservation efforts.

Combating Invasive Species

Harmful invasive species-which disturb the balance of already delicate ecosystems-are second only to habitat loss in their systematic threat to native wildlife. The National Wildlife Federation promotes the control, management, and eradication of invasive species, as well as the narrowing or closing of pathways for their spread. This includes the Asian carp, which poses a huge threat to wildlife in the Great Lakes ecosystem. The National Wildlife Federation also works to prevent the introduction of new invasive species by advocating for restrictions around ballast water from ships, which introduce invasive species into our waterways through the water it discharges.

In addition to our current work, the National Wildlife Federation's strategic plan lays out goals to:

Identify and prevent disease transfer between domestic livestock and native wildlife with a focus on chronic wasting disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and pneumonia

Increase awareness around the potential risks to fish and wildlife posed by the release of synthetic organisms and develop a broadly supported strategy for assessing and reducing ecological risks posed by these new technologies

Develop and implement policies at multiple levels, including state, federal, and binational, to protect and restore fish and wildlife populations at risk from toxic chemicals, synthetic compounds and emerging contaminants

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Environmental Threats | National Wildlife Federation

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Healthy environments support healthy wildlife. Twenty-first century threats to our environment-including invasive species, diseases, pollution, and a warming climate-are putting wildlife populations at risk. The National Wildlife Federation unites Americans addressing these environmental threats and protecting our wildlife and their habitats. By doing so, we're not just helping our wildlife to flourish-we're helping people live healthier lives too.

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Coral reefs continuing to face environmental threats - Bing video
2. By: Sam Teicher
2. Title: Coral reefs continuing to face environmental threats
2. Date: October 5, 2021
3. Views/Access: 101 Views: Accessed March 1, 2022
4. Popular Culture: Agency was a big usage with wanting to make a difference in the ocean and reason for climate change for all different aspects in the world today.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: The appeal used is logos because of the data and information being used to develop the reasoning for coral reefs and their life expectancy because of climate change.
6. What I learned: Corals have a temperature like human beings allowing them to function properly and whether it be too cold or too hot, the coral reefs have a tendency to have a lower life expectancy. With climate change taking place, coral reefs are not in waters with temperatures that they need and are getting too hot and cannot survive.
Citation:
Teicher, Sam. "Coral reefs continuing to face environmental threats, October 5, 2021, Coral reefs continuing to face environmental threats - Bing video

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youtube: the world and environmental threats - Bing video

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Coral reefs continuing to face environmental threats

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10 Ways You Can Help Save the Oceans - Oceana
2. By: Oceana (Protecting the Worlds Oceans)
2. Title: 10 Ways to Help Save the Ocean
2. Date: N/A
3. Views/Access: Accessed on March 1, 2022
4. Popular Culture: The concept that is most used in the article would be the example agency because of the organization trying to make a difference and be the change that the world needs.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: The appeal of logos is greatly justified because there are different ways to help save the ocean with details on how the idea could work and why it is a good matter to use.
6. The information that I took away from this article was the effective ways to help the ocean. Whether it be keeping track of trash or even exploring the ocean to get the big picture of how it really looks underneath.
Citation:
Oceana. "10 Ways to Help Save the Ocean", March 1, 2022, 10 Ways You Can Help Save the Oceans - Oceana

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10 Ways You Can Help Save the Oceans

Oceans cover 71 percent of the planet and are home to important species and ecosystems that we rely on for food, livelihoods, climate regulation and more. But the oceans need our help. Saving the oceans can sometimes feel like an overwhelming task, but if we all pitch in, we can make a big difference.

Here are 10 lifestyle choices that - when adopted - can help protect and restore our oceans for future generations.

1. Demand plastic-free alternatives

The oceans face a massive and growing threat from plastics. An estimated 17.6 billion pounds of plastic leaks into the marine environment from land-based sources every year-that's roughly equivalent to dumping a garbage truck full of plastic into our oceans every minute. And plastics never go away!

We must urge companies to provide consumers with plastic-free alternatives and say no to single use plastics such as straws, plastic cutlery, coffee cups, water bottles, plastic bags, balloons, plastic-wrapped produce and take-out food containers.

2. Reduce your carbon footprint

Carbon dioxide, a known greenhouse gas, is making our oceans more acidic. This is contributing to the loss of corals on a global scale as their calcium skeletons are weakened by the increasing acidity of the water.

You can reduce your carbon footprint by adopting some of these simple measures:

* Ride a bike, walk or use public transportation rather than driving a car.

* Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

* Put on a sweater in the winter instead of turning up your thermostat.

* Have some fun with your diet - buy sustainably caught wild seafood. It is a renewable resource that requires minimal freshwater to produce and emits less carbon dioxide than land-based proteins like beef.

3. Avoid ocean-harming products

There are many products directly linked to harming endangered or threatened species, unsustainable fishing methods and pollution. For example, avoid cosmetics that contain shark squalene, jewelry made of coral or sea turtle shell, souvenir shells of conchs, nautiluses and other animals, and single-use plastics like straws and water bottles that can end up in our oceans. These products support unsustainable fishing and threaten important species and ecosystems.

4. Eat sustainable seafood

Choose seafood that is healthy for you and the oceans from well-managed, wild fisheries. We know it's hard to know what fish are okay to eat, which is why you can turn to these helpful resources:

* Print or download a guide from Seafood Watch to help you make sustainable choices when you buy or order seafood, and learn about eco-certification of seafood.

* Refer to these top chefs for sustainable seafood recipes.

* Consider adding small, oily fish that are packed with protein to your diet.

5. Vote on ocean issues

Electing public officials that support good ocean policies can help us protect marine life and our oceans. Do your research on candidates and make an informed decision, then exercise your right (and responsibility) to vote. And don't let Election Day be the last time they hear from you. Follow up with your candidates and elected officials regularly to remind them of policies you care about.

6. Contact your representatives and lawmakers

Your representatives and lawmakers might not know how important these issues are that face our oceans. But they will if you tell them. It's up to constituents like you to make lawmakers aware of the crises facing marine life and our oceans. Don't be shy! Take action with Oceana to directly contact your government representatives and lawmakers.

7. Explore the oceans

"People protect what they love." - Jacques-Yves Cousteau

Get outside and explore the oceans around you! If you don't live near the ocean, visit your local lake or river to learn how your watershed connects to the ocean. There are plenty of online opportunities to explore the oceans, too. Dive into Oceana's Marine Life Encyclopedia to read fun and interesting facts about all kinds of animals from sharks and seals to octopuses and clownfish.

8. Leave nothing behind

As beach crowds increase, so does the amount of trash left behind or blown away. Don't let your day outside contribute to the destruction of our oceans. Remember to leave nothing behind but your footprints - collect and dispose of your trash.

9. Share your ocean heroics with friends, family and coworkers

Tell people what's going on with the world's oceans and what they can do to join you in making a difference. Spread the word about petitions, share fun facts and join the conversation with us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube.

10. Join Oceana

More than 800,000 members and activists in over 200 countries have already joined Oceana - the largest international organization focused solely on ocean conservation. Together, we've won over 300 victories and protected more than 4 million square miles of ocean. But there's more to be done! Become an Oceana Wavemaker and continue your efforts to help save the oceans. As a Wavemaker, you'll receive a monthly update on the latest ocean news and learn ways you can help protect marine life.

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Oceans cover 71 percent of the planet and are home to important species and ecosystems that we rely on for food, livelihoods, climate regulation and more. But the oceans need our help. Saving the oceans can sometimes feel like an overwhelming task, but if we all pitch in, we can make a big difference.

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(306) The Unexpected, Underwater Plant Fighting Climate Change | Carlos M. Duarte | TED Countdown - YouTube
2. By: Carlos M. Duarte ft. Ted
2. Title: The unexpected, Underwater Plant Fighting Climate Change.
2. Date: March 6, 2022
3. Views/Access: 24,672 views: March 6, 2022
4. Popular Culture: The concept that is strongly used by social cohesion because other teams that deal with the ocean are being influenced to make a difference.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: The appeal that is being used is logos because of all the new information and information overall that is being discussed to ensure the ways to ensure nonstop consumption and pollution.
6. I learned about how Carlos Duarte and his team are protecting and rebuilding marine life.
Citation:
Duarte. M, Carlos. "The unexpected, Underwater Plant Fighting Climate Change.", March 6, 2022, (306) The Unexpected, Underwater Plant Fighting Climate Change | Carlos M. Duarte | TED Countdown - YouTube

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The Unexpected, Underwater Plant Fighting Climate Change | Carlos M. Duarte | TED Countdown

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How to Stop Global Warming, Solutions to Prevent Climate Change | NRDC.
2. By: Melissa Denchak
2. Title: How You Can Stop Global Warming
2. Date: August 9, 2021
3. Views/Access: Accessed on February 20, 2022
4. Popular Culture: The popular culture provided is agency because there is expected to be a change in the world and provides ways to make that happen.
5. Rhetorical Appeal:
6. While reading this article I learned that preventing climate change and global warming can be simple unplugging plugs from the outlet when not using them. Making a difference is close to near each and every one of us, we just have to be willing to be the agency to create change.
Citation:
Denchak, Melissa, "How You Can Stop Global Warming.", August 9, 2021, How to Stop Global Warming, Solutions to Prevent Climate Change | NRDC.

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Rising sea levels. Raging storms. Searing heat. Ferocious fires. Severe drought. Punishing floods. The effects of climate change are already threatening our health, our communities, our economy, our security, and our children's future.

What can you do? A whole lot, as it turns out. Americans, on average, produce 21 tons of carbon a year, about four times the global average. Personal action is, of course, no substitute for meaningful government policies. We still must limit carbon pollution and aggressively move away from dirty fossil fuels toward cleaner power.

But it's important to remember the equally vital contributions that can be made by private citizens-which is to say, by you. "Change only happens when individuals take action," says clean energy advocate Aliya Haq. "There's no other way, if it doesn't start with people."

Here are a dozen easy, effective ways each one of us can make a difference.

1. Speak up!

What's the single biggest way you can make an impact on global climate change? "Talk to your friends and family, and make sure your representatives are making good decisions," Haq says. By voicing your concerns-via social media or, better yet, directly to your elected officials-you send a message that you care about the warming world. Encourage Congress to enact new laws that limit carbon emissions and require polluters to pay for the emissions they produce. "The main reason elected officials do anything difficult is because their constituents make them," Haq says. You can help protect public lands, stop offshore drilling, and more here.

2. Power your home with renewable energy.

Choose a utility company that generates at least half its power from wind or solar and has been certified by Green-e Energy, an organization that vets renewable energy options. If that isn't possible for you, take a look at your electric bill; many utilities now list other ways to support renewable sources on their monthly statements and websites.

3. Weatherize, weatherize, weatherize.

"Building heating and cooling are among the biggest uses of energy," Haq says. Indeed, heating and air-conditioning account for almost half of home energy use. You can make your space more energy efficient by sealing drafts and ensuring it's adequately insulated. You can also claim federal tax credits for many energy efficiency home improvements. To help you figure out where to start, you could also get a home energy audit, which some utilities offer free of charge. (Alternatively, you can hire a professional to come to your home and perform one; the Inflation Reduction Act offers a partial tax credit for this.) The EPA's Home Energy Yardstick gives you a simple assessment of your home's annual energy use compared with similar homes.

4. Invest in energy-efficient appliances.

Since they were first implemented nationally in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That's about the same amount as the annual carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. "Energy efficiency is the lowest-cost way to reduce emissions," Haq says. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, heat pump water heaters, and other appliances, look for the Energy Star label. It will tell you which are the most efficient. (There may also be rebates to earn from your purchase of Energy Star-certified products.)

And when you're ready to swap out your old machines, don't just put them on the curb: Recycling an old refrigerator through the EPA's Responsible Appliance Disposal Program can prevent an additional 10,000 pounds of carbon pollution because the global-warming pollutants in the refrigerants and foam would be properly captured rather than vented to the air.

5. Reduce water waste.

Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water. So take shorter showers, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth, and switch to WaterSense-labeled fixtures and appliances. The EPA estimates that if just one out of every 100 American homes were retrofitted with water-efficient fixtures, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved-avoiding 80,000 tons of global warming pollution.

6. Actually eat the food you buy-and compost what you can't.

Approximately 10 percent of U.S. energy use goes into growing, processing, packaging, and shipping food-about 40 percent of which winds up in the landfill. "If you're wasting less food, you're likely cutting down on energy consumption," Haq says. As for the scraps you can't eat or the leftovers you don't get to, collect them in a compost bin instead of sending them to the landfill where they release methane. Recycling food and other organic waste into compost provides a range of environmental benefits, including improving soil health, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, recycling nutrients, and mitigating the impact of droughts.

7. Buy better bulbs.

LED light bulbs use one-sixth the amount of energy to deliver the same amount of light as conventional incandescents and last at least 10 times longer. They're also cheaper in the long run: A 10-watt LED that replaces your traditional 60-watt bulb will save you $125 over the light bulb's life. And because the average American home has around 40 to 50 light bulbs, this is a simple swap that will reap huge rewards. If every household in the United States replaced just one incandescent with an Energy Star-labeled LED, we would prevent seven billion pounds of carbon pollution per year. That's equivalent to the emissions of about 648,000 cars.

8. Pull the plug(s).

Taken together, the outlets in your home are likely powering about 65 devices-an average load for a home in the United States. Audio and video devices, cordless vacuums and power tools, and other electronics use energy even when they're not charging. This "idle load" across all U.S. households adds up to the output of 50 large power plants in the country. So don't leave fully charged devices plugged into your home's outlets, unplug rarely used devices or plug them into power strips and timers, and adjust your computers and monitors to automatically power down to the lowest power mode when not in use.

9. Drive a fuel-efficient vehicle.

Gas-smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric vehicles, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025's clean car standards, which means averaging 54.5 miles per gallon, they'll be a mainstay. For good reason: Relative to a national fleet of vehicles that averaged only 28.3 miles per gallon in 2011, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the pump each year and cut their automotive emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel-economy performance here.

10. Maintain your ride.

If all Americans kept their tires properly inflated, we could save 1.2 billion gallons of gas each year. A simple tune-up can boost miles per gallon anywhere from 4 percent to 40 percent, and a new air filter can get you a 10 percent boost. Also, remove unnecessary accessories from your car roof. Roof racks and clamshell storage containers can reduce fuel efficiency by as much as 5 percent.

11. Rethink planes, trains, and automobiles.

Choosing to live in walkable smart-growth cities and towns with quality public transportation leads to less driving, less money spent on fuel, and less pollution in the air. Less frequent flying can make a big difference, too. "Air transport is a major source of climate pollution," Haq says. "If you can take a train instead, do that." If you must fly, consider purchasing carbon offsets to counterbalance the hefty carbon pollution associated with flying. But not all carbon offset companies are alike. Do your homework to find the best supplier.

12. Reduce, reuse, and recycle.

In the United States, the average person generates 4.5 pounds of trash every day. Fortunately, not all the items we discard end up in landfills; we recycle or compost more than one-third of our trash. In 2014 this saved carbon emissions equivalent to the yearly output of 38 million passenger cars. But we could be doing so much more. "Reduce should always be the number-one priority," says NRDC senior resource specialist Darby Hoover. And to reap the environmental benefits of "recyclable" goods, you must recycle according to the rules of your municipality, since systems vary widely by location. Search your municipality's sanitation department (or equivalent) webpage to learn exactly what you can place in the recycling bin, as counties and cities often differ in what they accept.
This story was originally published on April 20, 2022 and has been updated with new information and links.

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There are many ways to prevent global warming from becoming worse. Many nations have put laws into place to fight climate change -- here's what you can do.

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The New York Times Climate Newsletter - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
2. By: Somini Sengupta
2. Title: Warning: Threats are accelerating
2. Date: March 1, 2022
3. Views/Access: March 3, 2022
4. Popular Culture: The popular culture through the article is agency because of the aspects talked about to help prevent climate change and discuss more about the subject.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: The appeal used is logos because of the information and data used to exemplify the reasoning for climate change as a threat to the environment.
6.What I learned: I learned that climate change keeps on getting worse and its harder for animals to adapt such as the polar bears with the ice melting and the windmills which can overheat with the outside temperature being too hot.
Citation:
Sengupta, Somini. " Warning: Threats are accelerating.", March 1, 2022, The New York Times Climate Newsletter - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

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A fire near Rio Pardo, Brazil, and wind turbines in Carbon County, Wyo. Credit... Victor Moriyama and Benjamin Rasmussen for The New York Times

There's the world as it is. And then there's the world as it could be.

This newsletter will be about both.

My name is Somini. I'm the global climate correspondent for The New York Times. Starting today, I'll drop into your inbox every Tuesday and Friday, with one overarching goal: To help figure out how this giant, often overwhelming global problem of climate change matters to our everyday lives - and what can be done about it.

This week, there's a BIG thing that matters. It's the long-awaited report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It shows us the world as it is: already hotter than a century ago. It implores us to adapt, and adapt quickly, so that the future is livable, maybe even a little better.

The panel's report was prepared by 270 scientists from 67 countries. It draws on thousands of scientific studies. It's exhaustive. My colleagues, Brad Plumer, Raymond Zhong and Lisa Friedman wrote about the assessment.

How does it matter to our lives right now?

It reminds us that no matter how quickly we reduce the emissions of planet-warming gases, the planet is already hotter and is certain to get even hotter in the coming years. That means more heat waves, more sea level rise, more extreme weather of all kinds.

We should have started adapting to this reality yesterday, the report says. It urges us to undo habits that no longer serve us. We need to rethink where and how we build homes, grow food, store water, and protect our health, both mental and physical. It reminds us that climate effects are unfair. Mortality rates from floods, droughts, and storms are far higher for people who live in the world's most vulnerable countries, compared to those in less vulnerable countries. And those most vulnerable countries are also least financially able to prepare.

Some places are already adapting in surprising, though still relatively small, ways. In California, courts are putting the kibosh on building new homes in wildfire-prone areas. Athens has a heat officer assigned to figure out how to cool the city. Britain has been told by its climate experts to urgently shore up flood defenses. And recently, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration told Americans to expect many more "sunny day" floods in coastal communities because of sea level rise. Its projections should be seen as practical information to help local officials adapt.

Your adaptation strategies depend on who you are and where you live. If you're a homeowner, you could start with checking if your home is sufficiently insulated for more extreme temperatures. (Or, considering Russia's grip on European energy supplies, if your nation is sufficiently insulated from fossil fuels supplied by a tyrant.) If you live in a flood-prone city, you could check if your local officials are allowing for new construction on flood plains (unwise) or cleaning storm drains (wise). No matter where you live, you could ask politicians running for office, local and national, how they plan to protect your community in the face of climate risks.

But wait: Does the panel's call to urgently adapt mean there's less need to fight climate change?

Actually, the opposite. Every degree of warming matters. To avert the worst consequences of warming requires reducing the emissions of planet-warming gases by nearly half by 2030. That means rapidly shifting away from the combustion of oil, gas and coal.

We know how to do a lot of that. But there are obstacles, including powerful industries and lawmakers who stand in the way. Expect to read more about that in this newsletter in the coming months.

I understand that the climate crisis can sometimes seem so enormous, so far away that it's easy to feel overwhelmed or to even ignore it. I hear you. My goal is not to drown you with bad news. In the coming weeks, I hope to introduce you to people who are trying to slow down warming and help us imagine new, better ways to live.

This is a subject that matters to me a lot, not just as a journalist, but also as a parent and a sister, as a taxpayer and a citizen of a democratic country. I've been a journalist for more than two decades. I've reported from nearly 50 countries, covered many wars, terror attacks, elections, storms. I've seen human beings at their most depraved and at their most courageous. It shapes how I write about the climate crisis.

Twice a week, in this newsletter, I intend to share with you the stories that matter most. Sometimes, I'll ask my colleagues to take us behind the pieces they've reported. Sometimes, I'll explore ideas worth arguing about.

Expect to read about the science and politics of climate change, but also the business and culture of life on a hotter planet. Expect to find out what the powerful may not want you to find out. Expect to read about how climate matters to everything else, from how you feed your family to wars halfway around the world.

Every now and then, expect to read something joyful.

Most of all, I hope this newsletter will help you make sense of your place in a climate-changed world.

Chiriguano Bay in the South Shetland Islands, north of the Antarctic Peninsula. Credit... Johan Ordonez/Agence France-Presse - Getty Images

Diana Beresford-Kroeger at her home in Ontario. Credit... Nasuna Stuart-Ulin for The New York Times

Diana Beresford-Kroeger, a biochemist and botanist, lives in a forest in Canada that she created herself using tree species handpicked for their ability to survive on a warming planet. She's also an author steeped in the knowledge and traditions of Ireland, and her goal for the past several decades has been to telegraph to the world, in prose that is scientifically exacting yet startlingly affecting, the wondrous capabilities of trees. You can read her story in this lovely profile by my Times colleague Cara Buckley.
Thanks for reading. We'll be back on Friday.
Claire O'Neill and Douglas Alteen contributed to Climate Forward. You can reach us at climateforward@nytimes.com. We read every message, and reply to many!

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There's the world as it is. And then there's the world as it could be. This newsletter will be about both. My name is Somini. I'm the global climate correspondent for The New York Times.

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Sensing Our Climate: Rising Sea Level - Bing video
2. By: Museum Science: Boston
2. Title: Rising Sea levels
2. Date: March 3, 2022
3. Views/Access: March 1, 2022
4. Popular Culture: Social cohesion because of the different groups involved to track sea levels with different tools.
5. Rhetorical Appeal: The appeal being used is logos made by giving information about the new levels rising from the sea.
6. What I learned: I learned that tracking the sea levels can be monitored by remote sensing or the sensing of scanning the earth at a distance. Changes across the globe are always monitored and also capture is melting and how much oceans will continue to change.
Citation:
Boston, Museum Science. " Rising Sea levels.", March 3, 2022, Sensing Our Climate: Rising Sea Level - Bing video