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Scarre, Chris. The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies,3rd ed.
London: Thames & Hudson Ltd., 2013.
Library Source:
Drake, Brandon L. The influence of climatic change on the Late Bronze Age Collapse and the Greek Dark Ages. Journal of Archaeological Science. Volume 39. Issue 6. June 2012. Pages 1862-1870. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440312000416.
Web Source:
Cartwright, Mark. "Polis." Ancient History Encyclopedia. http://www.ancient.eu.com/Polis/ (accessed August 3, 2014).
Taylor, Laurel. "Etruscan Art." - Smarthistory. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/etruscan.html (accessed August 3, 2014).
Images:
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~jtreat/rs/maps/2/med.gif

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Paris_-_Louvre_-_Sarcophage.jpg

http://www.worldhistoryarchive.org/images/greekpolis.jpg

http://travelingclassroom.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Arxanes_fourni_tomb2.jpg

http://apps.carleton.edu/reason_package/reason_4.0/www/images/801910.jpg

http://www.alanfildes.com/images/alexhea2.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Blessingon_lunulaDSCF6555.jpg/300px-Blessingon_lunulaDSCF6555.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qRR0nB4Vuc4/UEnmjd8PTvI/AAAAAAAAANI/n_FARZ5qX7E/s1600/galley_img27.gif

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The spread of the building monumental palaces was characteristic of the Minoan. These palaces advanced society and served different purposes, including residential housing, entertainment and centers for ritual practices, and the storage and redistribution of goods. The end of the Palace Period was marked by the destruction of the nearly all the palaces and the Mycenaean gaining control over the area (Scarre 2013, 480).

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They were one of the earliest and most successful civilizations of the Roman empire and were known for being open to readily adopting external influences and developments (Taylor 2013). A significant discovery found in Etruscan remains was the depiction of women in high ranks and women celebrating and feasting with men. This was a rare compared to the lower status that women were held at in the surrounding region (Scarre 2913, 493)

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The Greek Colonization (750 BC - 600 BC)

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The Greek Colonization (750 BC - 600 BC)

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Greek city-states established colonies in Sicily and Italy, Mediterranean France, North Africa, and the Black Sea (Scarre 2013, 488). This expansion stretched out relatively far and significantly added size to the Mediterranean area. During colonization, it appears that areas were strategically chosen for a resource they offered. Also

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Rule of Alexander and the Hellenistic Age (323 BC - 331 BC)

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Rule of Alexander and the Hellenistic Age (323 BC - 331 BC)

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Alexander only ruled from age 20 to 33, but he transformed the eastern Mediterranean and Near East and created a "Hellenistic" world. Military victories in Turkey, Iraq, Phoenicia, Egypt, and India ultimately annexed regions as far off as Afghanistan...
Alexander was a military genius and a master propagandist, using his own image to promote his power and associate himself with the divine in conquered cultures. (Scarre 2013, 500-503)

Alexander helped shape the vast Roman Empire, not only physically in terms of conquered lands, but also in the advancement in society, following his rule. He was seen as a divine figure and following his death, areas split up and were governed by declared descendants of Alexander. Alexander's influence spread literature, philosophy, medicine, science, religion, warfare, and the development of a shared common communicative cultural. (Scarre 2013, 500 - 503)

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Rise of regional contact, where ideas, culture, and developments were shared and distributed across independent areas. This a state of internationalism, where distinct areas benefited and grew upon each others ideas, culture, and advancements. (Scarre 2013, 479)

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Crete During Early Minoan Period (3500 BC - 2000 BC)

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Crete During Early Minoan Period (3500 BC - 2000 BC)

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Emerging social complexity could be seen during this time period; the use of tombs and cemeteries became common. Also, many burial sites were segregated by social group.

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Marked the collapse of the Bronze Age. A period of economic and infrstructural deterioration that towards the end triggered the emergence of the Greek city-state. The Dark Age was brought about for several reasons, including a major climate shift that decreased crop yield, increased food prices and scarcity, and initiated conflict over resources. (Drake 2013)
When the Bronze Age collapsed, the use of writing also ceased. Later on, the end of the Dark Age gave way to a system of writing being adopted from the Phoenicians, a nearby civilization that was located in what is current Lebanon.

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The creation of the polis, or city-state. This was an early system where a centralized institution of commerce containing members of the community represented their land, gathered, and made decisions related to military, the economy, law, and religion. It was also a community center that housed social events and celebrations (Cartwright 2013). The polis were usually comprised of free-born males from urbanized areas, whom held citizenship. (Scarre 2013, 486)

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Represents the further advancement and use of of metalwork. Also the use use of metal correlated with status and wealth. This triggered the spread of palace-based societies, in which displays of wealth and status were made more apparent. (Scarre 2013 476-477)

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A war between Athens and Sparta that inspired an era of the development of art, poetry, literature, and drama (Scarre 2013, 488). This was a shift that advanced the cultural richness of the area.