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Freedom of Religion, Speech and the press

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The Right to Bear Arms

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Housing of Soldiers

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Protection from unreasonable search and seizures

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Protection of right to life, Liberty and Property

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Rights of Accused person in criminal cases

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Rights in civil cases

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Excessive bail, fines and punishments prohibited

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Other rights kept by the people

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Undelegated powers kept by the states and the people

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The First Amendment protects several basic freedoms in the United States including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to assemble, and the right to petition the government.

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The 2nd amendment gives citizens the right to bear arms, meaning that the government can't take away a person's firearms.

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The Third Amendment prohibits soldiers from temporarily residing in private homes during peace time without getting the permission and consent of the owner.

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The Fourth Amendment provides the right of the people to be secure in their houses against unreasonable searches and seizures.

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the Fifth Amendment guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination.

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The Sixth Amendment guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you.

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The Seventh Amendment guarantees a jury trial for civil cases in the federal courts.

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The Eighth Amendment  prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments.

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The Ninth Amendment  states that there are other rights that may exist aside from the ones explicitly mentioned, and even though they are not listed, it does not mean they can be violated.

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The Tenth Amendment basically says that any power that is not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states.

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First Amendment- Hazelwood School District v. Kuhmeier, 1988

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In Hazelhood East Highschool, there were two articles that concerned sensitive information to the student. When the principle removed an article concerning divorce and the other about teenage pregnancy, the student journalists sued, claiming that their first amendment rights had been violated.

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The school did violate the students rights. They have the right of expression in public schools which overturned the decision by the U.S Court. They sided with the students. However, the state statuses protecting student free expression, enacted(proposed) by 14 states as of March 21, 2018.

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Fifth Amendment- Chambers v. Florida, 1940.

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On January 6, 1940 Marshall was in front of court representing four black men that convicted murder of a white man.  The defendant Chamber was there with three co-defendants. The community was outraged with the murder. They were subjected to questioning on a random basis, often alone in a room with up to ten police officers and other members of the community. In the legal climate before Miranda they were not informed of their right to remain silent.

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After a week of questioning, and despite previous denials, the four co-defendants eventually confessed to the crime and were convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death.Several of the features of this case, such as not allowing the defendant to contact anyone, holding them without formal charges or arraignment, and denying them counsel during questioning were common tactics in law enforcement at the time and were eventually rejected by the court.

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Fourth Amendment- Katz v. United States, 1967.

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Charles Katz used a public pay phone booth to transmit illegal gambling from Los Angles to Miami.The FBI was recording his conversation with a listening device. Katz was convicted based on these recordings. He challenged his conviction by arguing that the recordings violated his fourth amendment rights.

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The majority opinion by Justice Stewart did not dispute that a magistrate "could constitutionally have authorized" the wiretap in this case, but, since such a warrant was neither sought nor obtained, the search was therefore unconstitutional. Likewise, the Court said it was not recognizing any general right to privacy in the Fourth Amendment. "The protection of a person's general right to privacy—his right to be let alone by other people—is, like the protection of his property and of his very life, left largely to the law of the individual States. The final decision of the court as that the fourth amendment protects people not places.