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The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect, collect and exchange data.

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IoT involves extending Internet connectivity beyond standard devices, such as desktops, laptops, smartphones and tablets, to any range of traditionally dumb or non-internet-enabled physical devices and everyday objects. Embedded with technology, these devices can communicate and interact over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled. With the arrival of driver-less vehicles, a branch of IoT, i.e. the Internet of Vehicles starts to gain more attention.

Source
Rouse, M. (n.d.). What is internet of things (IoT)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved from https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT

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The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UID's) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
( What is internet of things (IoT)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT )

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A smart city is a municipality that uses information and communication technologies to increase operational efficiency, share information with the public and improve both the quality of government services and citizen welfare. Smart city technology allows city officials to interact directly with both community and city infrastructure and to monitor what is happening in the city and how the city is evolving.
Sources

Smart City – what is it? (January). Retrieved from https://giosprite.com/smart-city-what-is-it/

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Examples of smart cities (Wan Maryam Husna)

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Examples of smart cities (Wan Maryam Husna)

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One of the examples of smart cities is Singapore.  The city uses sensors and IoT enabled to monitor the cleanliness  of public spaces, crowd density and the movement of locally registered vehicles. Its smart technologies help companies and residents monitor energy use, waste production and water use in real time.  Singapore is also testing autonomous vehicles

including full-size robotic buses, as well as an elderly monitoring system to ensure the health and well-being of its senior citizens.

Source:
Singapore best performing 'smart city' globally: Study. (2018, March 13). Retrieved from

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-best-performing-smart-city-globally-study-10038722

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One example of the top smart cities is Barcelona. The city use sensors to help them to monitor and manage traffic. They also has installed smart parking technology as well as smart streetlights, and sensors for monitoring air quality and noise.  It is also expanding a network of free Wi-Fi in public spaces
( The Top 5 Smart Cities. (2016, May 18). Retrieved from https://www.iotworldtoday.com/2016/05/18/world-s-5-smartest-cities/ )

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Syukri
Internet of things means that every possible machine that you can think of is connected to a network. This is made possible due to the internet connecting all the devices together.  The internet of things creates opportunities for people to manage all their devices because when everything is connected to a single network it becomes easier to access.

A smart city uses the Internet of things even further by combining a lot of the city's infrastructure to the same network. This is a good step towards the future of technology advancements. There are some questions on the safety of everything interconnected to a single network. Some speculate that once a single machine gets hacked they will have access to the whole network.

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Efficient and Saves Time

The machine-to-machine interaction provides better efficiency, hence; accurate results can be obtained fast. Instead of repeating the same tasks every day, it enables people to do other creative jobs.

Saves Money

Optimum utilization of energy and resources can be achieved by adopting this technology and keeping the devices under surveillance. We can be alerted in case of possible breakdowns, and damages to the system.

Better Quality of Life

All the applications of this technology increases comfort, convenience, and better management thus improving the quality of life.
Sources
Sannapureddy, B. (2015, February 26). Pros & Cons of Internet Of Things (IOT). Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pros-cons-internet-things-iot-bhaskara-reddy-sannapureddy/

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IoT - Internet of Things Benefits & Risks

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Cybersecurity is also a risk we are already familiar with and one that is likely to be exacerbated by IoT. Since any node on a network is a potential point of entry for a hacker, overall network security will become an even bigger issue than it is today.

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Definition of Internet of Things and Smart Cities (Wan Maryam Husna)

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Definition of Internet of Things and Smart Cities (Wan Maryam Husna)

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The internet of things is a concept of computing that portrays the idea of everyday physical objects being connected to the internet while  smart city is a munacipality that uses communication technologies and information to increase operational efficiency, share information with the public and improve both of the quality of government services and citizen welfare.

Source:
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? - Definition from Techopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/28247/internet-of-things-iot

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Privacy & security

In today’s world, each and every device that an individual uses is connected via the internet. This increases the risk of any leakage of data that might be important. This is a major drawback of sharing information, as confidential information might not be safe & could be hacked by third parties easily.

Lesser jobs

With every task being automated, the need for human labour will reduce drastically. This will have a direct impact on employability. As we head into the future of IoT, there will be a visible decline in the hiring process of professionals.

Dependability

We may not notice it, but we are witnessing a major shift in technology and its implementation in everyday lives. There is no doubt that technology is dominating our lifestyle, reflecting a human’s dependability on technology. In case of a bug in the system, there are high chances of every related device getting corrupted.

Sources
Saxena, P. (2016, June 15). The advantages and disadvantages of Internet Of Things. Retrieved from https://e27.co/advantages-disadvantages-internet-things-20160615/

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There's countless of advantages that IoT could bring to humanity. One of it is, we could go cashless.

With IoT, online transfer is a brilliant thing to do. No more goes to the nearest CDM for a money transfer. It also saves our energy to pay for our bills for we can do it online.

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Advantages of Internet of Things In Smart Cities (Wan Maryam Husna)

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Advantages of Internet of Things In Smart Cities (Wan Maryam Husna)

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There are a lot of advantages of internet of things in smart cities which are security, at the forefront of every city’s concerns is ensuring the safety of the citizens that inhabit the city. Most smart cities monitor its citizens using Closed Circuit Television Cameras, or CCTV cameras. Now, CCTV itself isn’t exactly new, but the inclusion of new facial recognition technology that could either identify suspicious or dangerous individuals prior to crime occurring, or help to quickly identify individuals once the unlawful act is committed, has significantly increased their value. In addition to facial recognition capabilities, newer versions of CCTV cameras have also added features that allow them to monitor motion, have fire and smoke alarm capabilities, measure air quality, lock and unlock doors depending on perceived situations, and many more. The second advantage is waste efficiency. A popular term when talking about smart cities is ‘smart water’, since many of the current problems facing water and waste efficiency and the problem includes water losses from unknown leaks and blockages. There is one solution to curb this problem is with include smart water grids, or SWGs, that ensure the security of water quantity and the safety of consumption. SWGs allow professionals in the waste and water industry to more accurately monitor the quantity of water being transported to ensure that it is not over-allocated for what its eventual usage will be, while also testing the quality of the water to make sure it is safe to consume when it reaches its destination.

Source:
Low, I. (n.d.). The Benefits of Smart Cities. Retrieved from https://www.globalsign.com/en/blog/the-benefits-of-smart-cities/

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Disadvantages of Internet of Things (Wan Maryam Husna

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Disadvantages of Internet of Things (Wan Maryam Husna

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There are a lot of disadvantages of Internet of Things some of them are compatibility, there is no standard for tagging and monitoring with sensors. A uniform concept like the USB or Bluetooth is required which should not be that difficult to do. The next one is complexity, there are several opportunities for failure with complex systems. For example, both you and your spouse may receive messages that the milk is over and both of you may end up buying the same. That leaves you with double the quantity required. Or there is a software bug causing the printer to order ink multiple times when it requires a single cartridge. Another disadvantage safety, there is a chance that the software can be hacked and your personal information misused. The possibilities are endless. Your prescription being changed or your account details being hacked could put you at risk. Hence, all the safety risks become the consumer’s responsibility.

Source:
The advantages and disadvantages of Internet Of Things (IoT). (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/advatages-disadvatages-internet-things-iot-tommy-quek

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Syukri
Many countries are planning to create a smart city. One example would be the CityVerve planning for Manchester. The plan was to transform the city of Manchester to a smart city by using technology and the Internet of things. The plan was to increase the efficiency of transport systems, energy production, health and social care. The plan has ended but it is a step forward for better planning of future smart cities.

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"IoT is short for Internet of Things. The Internet of Things refers to the ever-growing network of physical objects that feature an IP address for internet connectivity, and the communication that occurs between these objects and other Internet-enabled devices and systems." In brief, the “things” in Internet of Things are the everyday objects in your house, only hooked up to the internet. not only that it is to be more efficient in all types of ways.

Source:
Internet of Things (IoT) Definition ~ Webopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/internet_of_things.html

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Syukri
Internet of things provides a lot of advantages to everyday life. Simply put, it makes life easier. In broader terms, it helps in doing many mundane tasks and lets you focus on the more important parts of life. In healthcare the IoT can help monitor the patients health in real time. Thus, makes doctor's job a lot easier in that they do not have to check on every single patient in a huge hospital. Lots of menial tasks can done easily with the Internet of things.

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When we rely more on IoT, we are actually depending more on machines which could lead to lesser jobs. An example could be seen when back then, tolls use conventional method which is by paying it by using money. Nowadays, it is nearly impossible for you to find a toll that still accepts cash. It all has been replaced with either TouchNGo or SmartTag. This leads to the lack of man force for the technology could do the job for us.

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London has long ranked near the top of the list in roundups of smart cities in the world and fares well regarding broadband availability. London has also committed to making available data from its smart city initiative public via its London Datastore. “For instance, London has an app built on open data that will take your location, and you can say where you want to go, and the app will tell you the routes you can take,” Sorrell says. In 2014,

Source"
The Top 5 Smart Cities. (2016, May 18). Retrieved from https://www.iotworldtoday.com/2016/05/18/world-s-5-smartest-cities/

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Smart city technology has the ability to create a more equitable environment for citizens. To ensure digital equity, individuals must have access to high-speed internet services and to affordable devices. The adoption of public Wi-Fi hotspots strategically placed throughout a city can offer reliable internet services to all residents.
Take the City of Seattle, for example, which has developed a plan to deliver skills training, ensure availability of affordable devices, and provide accessible and low-cost internet connections.

Source:
Maxwell, L. (n.d.). Why should a municipality become a smart city? The six key benefits of transforming the place we call home. Retrieved from https://hub.beesmart.city/strategy/6-key-benefits-of-becoming-a-smart-city

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Syukri
With major advances come greater drawbacks. As every piece of technology is interconnected with each other it can be easier for a breach to happen. This is because despite being connected everywhere not all machines have the proper antivirus protection. This may lead to major hacking of a company simply by hacking the company toaster that has no protection.

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Interconnectivity can provide benefits of greater communication, but can also lead to cascading failures. If an intruder or a hacker gains access to the core systems of the tech-reliant city (e.g., the electric grid or surveillance systems used by police), it can result in either city services being shut down or personal information being released. The evolution of smarter cities presents many opportunities and challenges for both local governments and IT professionals. As cities become more reliant than ever on technology, IT professionals will be exponentially more important.

Source:
The Advantages and Challenges of the Smart City. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.teamquest.com/en/news/blog/2015/11/smart-cities/