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Made by Andrew Lysets,
Fernando Vasconcelos, and
Luciana Pestana Barbosa Garcia

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The Undamaged film by Abraham Zapruder who actually captured video of before, during and after the assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. Along in the vehicle was his wife Jackie Kennedy and Senator John Connally of Texas and his wife Nellie. Kennedy and Connally were the only ones occupants who suffered injuries on that day.

Connection:
When talking about the Zapruder Film, there is not much fallacy as to its authenticity. Most conspiracies do not doubt that the video is true and was actually made at the time of the president's assassination. However, there are still those who believe that the film is fake and may have been altered to cover evidences. We can connect with the Reason for Belief of Conspiracy, since in fact, the film contains certain evidences that support irrefutably some conspiracies, like the single-bullet theory.

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Lee Harvey Oswald, the only person charged in connection with the assassination of John F. Kennedy and attempted assassination of Senator John Connally. Oswald was murdered by Jack Ruby on November 24, 1963. To this day, Lee Harvey Oswald was the only person who was formally charged as a suspect in direction with the events that transpired in Dallas on November 22, 1963.

Connection:
As soon as the news came out in the media indication Lee Harvey Oswald as the only shooter, having acted alone in the crime that killed John F. Kennedy, generated certain doubts from the skeptic public.
This doubts became even greater after the accused was murdered at the custody hearing. Even the fact that the case was investigated by a single government institution fed even more the doubts of the skeptics. It is in this point that we can make a connection with skepticism, which is questioning attitude or doubt towards one or more items of a specific belief or knowledge.

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The video attempt to prove one of the conspiracy theories about the murder of John F. Kennedy, the Multiple Gunmen Theory. Through a computer recreation, the creator tries to convince that the murderer Lee Harvey Oswald did not act alone.

Connection:
The video below "Through The Oswald Window" try to debunk the Single Bullet Theory. The Warren Commission investigating the John F. Kennedy murder concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, and that all the shots were fired from his gun at the window of the 6th floor of the building near the place where the limousine was passing. However, many people believed, and others still believe (as the believer creator of this video) that there was more than one gunman, and that the Comission's conclusion is implausible and nonsense. We can connect this to Reason for Belief of Agenticity, where people have a tendency to assign meaning and intention to a specific event.

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JFK Head Shot Debunked: Zapruder Film Hid Truth for Decades!

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The Spartacus Educational Website addresses points and theories surrounding the John F. Kennedy assassination event, and also addresses British, American, women, and black history. It was created by a history teacher who wanted to bring history closer and more accessible to his students.

Connection:
In a skept way, the writer exposes everything that has already been released, possible involved in the case, witnessess, and various theories about who killed President John F. Kennedy. The website site helps readers develop critical thinking, proposing activities and guiding the steps to be followed. Unlike other websites that talk about it and tend to put more information about the theory they believe in, we do not see the Red Flag Confirmation Bias on the Spartacus Educational Website, since everything is written in historically neutral way.

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On the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr. Day, a group of over 60 prominent American citizens is calling upon Congress to reopen the investigations into the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Signers of the joint statement include Isaac Newton Farris Jr., nephew of Reverend King and past president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference; Reverend James M. Lawson Jr., a close collaborator of Reverend King; and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, children of the late senator. The declaration is also signed by numerous historians, journalists, lawyers and other experts on the four major assassinations. I am the only non-American who has been asked to sign this statement.

Don B. Reynolds told B. Everett Jordan and his committee on 22nd November, 1963, that Lyndon B. Johnson had demanded that he provided kickbacks in return for him agreeing to this life insurance policy. This included a $585 Magnavox stereo. Reynolds was also told by Walter Jenkins that he had to pay for $1,200 worth of advertising on KTBC, Johnson's television station in Austin. Reynolds had paperwork for this transaction including a delivery note that indicated the stereo had been sent to the home of Johnson.

Reynolds also told of seeing a suitcase full of money which Bobby Baker described as a "$100,000 payoff to Johnson for his role in securing the Fort Worth TFX contract". Reynolds also provided evidence against Matthew H. McCloskey. He suggested that he given $25,000 to Baker in order to get the contract to build the District of Columbia Stadium. His testimony came to an end when news arrived that President John F. Kennedy had been assassinated. (see more here)

Roger Craig was on duty in Dallas on 22nd November, 1963. After hearing the firing at President John F. Kennedy he ran towards the Grassy Knoll where he interviewed witnesses to the shooting. About 15 minutes later he saw a man running from the back door of the Texas School Book Depository down the slope to Elm Street. He then got into a Nash station wagon.

Craig saw the man again in the office of Captain Will Fritz. It was the recently arrested Lee Harvey Oswald. When Craig told his story about the man being picked up by the station wagon, Oswald replied: "That station wagon belongs to Mrs. Paine... Don't try to tie her into this. She had nothing to do with it." (see more here)

Lincoln later claimed that in November, 1963, Kennedy decided that because of the emerging Bobby Baker scandal he was going to drop Lyndon B. Johnson as his running mate in the 1964 election. John F. Kennedy told Lincoln that he was going to replace Johnson with Terry Sanford. In her book, Kennedy and Johnson (1968): "As Mr. Kennedy sat in the rocker in my office, his head resting on its back he placed his left leg across his right knee. He rocked slightly as he talked. In a slow pensive voice he said to me, 'You know if I am re-elected in sixty-four, I am going to spend more and more time toward making government service an honorable career. I would like to tailor the executive and legislative branches of government so that they can keep up with the tremendous strides and progress being made in other fields.' 'I am going to advocate changing some of the outmoded rules and regulations in the Congress, such as the seniority rule. To do this I will need as a running mate in sixty-four a man who believes as I do.' Mrs. Lincoln went on to write "I was fascinated by this conversation and wrote it down verbatim in my diary. Now I asked, 'Who is your choice as a running-mate?' 'He looked straight ahead, and without hesitating he replied, 'at this time I am thinking about Governor Terry Sanford of North Carolina. But it will not be Lyndon." (see more here)

Billy James Hargis believed that the John F. Kennedy was assassinated as a result of a communist conspiracy and in 1964 published a book attacking communism entitled The Far Left. He also believed that the KGB and the American Communist Party tried to place the blame on right-wing organizations. "In spite of the absolute, indisputable evidence that Lee Oswald's mind was molded by Communist conspiracy propaganda, that his hatred was of the American free enterprise system and all it embraces, and that no one with even the remotest connection with what is considered to be the extreme right has any remote connection with the entire hideous affair, the propaganda voices of the left continue to try to blame right wing conservatives for creating the atmosphere of 'hate' which caused Oswald to commit the assassination of President Kennedy. Do they really think the American people are that stupid? There is no doubt in my mind that the Communist assassin, Lee Oswald, intended to kill the President of the United States and disappear in the confused crowd, thus letting the conservative, anti-Communist element of Dallas take the blame. (see more here)

On 25th September, 1963, Sylvia Odio had a visit from three men who claimed they were from New Orleans. Two of the men, Leopoldo and Angelo, said they were members of the Junta Revolucionaria. The third man, Leon, was introduced as an American sympathizer who was willing to take part in the assassination of Fidel Castro. After she told them that she was unwilling to get involved in any criminal activity, the three men left.

The following day Leopoldo phoned Odio and told her that Leon was a former Marine and that he was an expert marksman. He added that Leon had said "we Cubans, we did not have the guts because we should have assassinated Kennedy after the Bay of Pigs". It is believed that Bernardo De Torres was Leopoldo and Edwin Collins was Angelo. (see more here)

Barr McClellan, the author of Blood, Money & Power: How LBJ Killed JFK (2003) later claimed that the killing of Kennedy was paid for by oil millionaires such as Clint Murchison and Haroldson L. Hunt. McClellan claims that Edward Clark got $2 million for this work. The death of Kennedy allowed the oil depletion allowance to be kept at 27.5 per cent. It remained unchanged during the Johnson presidency. According to McClellan this resulted in a saving of over $100 million to the American oil industry. Soon after Johnson left office it dropped to 15 per cent.

Wallace went to work for Harry Lewis and L & G Oil. In 1970 he returned to Dallas and began pressing Clark for more money for his part in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. According to McClellan it was then decided to kill Wallace. "He had to be eliminated. After driving to see his daughter in Troup, Texas, he went by L & G's offices in Longview, Texas. There his exhaust was rigged for part of it to flow into his car."On 7th January, 1971, Malcolm Wallace was killed while driving into Pittsburg, Texas. He appeared to have fallen asleep and after leaving the road crashed his car. Wallace died of massive head injuries. (see more here)

Eladio del Valle was murdered on 22nd February, 1967. Police reported that del Valle had been tortured, shot in the heart at point-blank range, and his skull split open with an axe. His murder has never been solved. He died only hours after his friend, David Ferrie. Diego Gonzales Tendera, a close friend, later claimed de Valle was murdered because of his involvement in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. A senior member of the Cuban Secret Service, Fabian Escalante, agreed: "In 1962 Eladio Del Valle tried to infiltrate Cuba with a commando group of 22 men but their boat had an English key - a little island. In the middle of 1962. Of course, we knew this. I tell you about this, because one of our agents who was one of the people helping to bring this group to Cuba, was a man of very little education. They talked English on many occasions on this little island with Eladio Del Valle told this person, on many occasions, that Kennedy must be killed to solve the Cuban problem. After that we had another piece of information on Eladio Del Valle. This was offered to us by Tony Cuesta. He told us that Eladio Del Valle was one of the people involved in the assassination plot against Kennedy." (see more here)

In 1961 President John F. Kennedy appointed Abraham Bolden as part of the Secret Service White House detail. According to Jim Marrs (Crossfire: The Plt That Killed Kennedy), Bolden was personally selected by Kennedy "in an attempt to integrate the previously all-white Secret Service detail"...

Bolden claimed that in October, 1963, the Chicago Secret Service office received a teletype from the Federal Bureau of Investigation warning that an attempt would be made to kill President John F. Kennedy by a four-man Cuban hit squad when he visited the city on 2nd November. Armed with high-powered rifles, the men from "a dissident Cuban group". According to investigative journalist Edwin Black, the Secret Service arrested two suspects, however, they were eventually released.

Abraham Bolden later discovered that this information was being kept from the Warren Commission. When he complained about this he was warned "to keep his mouth shut". Bolden decided to travel to Washington where he telephoned Warren Commission Counsel J. Lee Rankin. Bolden was arrested and taken back to Chicago where he was charged with discussing a bribe with two known counterfeiters. He was eventually found guilty of accepting a bribe and spent six years in prison. When he tried to draw attention to his case, he was placed in solitary confinement. (see more here)

John F. Kennedy

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Read the essential details about the Assassination of John F. Kennedy. Main index menu covering the Important Figures in the Case, Important Witnesses, Investigators, Researchers and Journalists, Possible Conspirators, Organizations and Operations, Reports on the Assassination, Kennedy Assassination Issues, Primary Sources: Key Issues, Primary Sources: Theories, Student Activities.

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This website was created from a Foundantion in an attempt to bring accessible and interactive history to a new generation of critical thinkers. In the specific link below, the author talks about the Single Bullet Theory, in which people believe that one single bullet was able to kill John F. Kennedy and hurt Governor Connally.

Connection:
Some people believe that President John F. Kennedy and Governor Conally were hit by a single bullet, creating the Single Bullet Theory. The said bullet was later found on a stretcher near an elevator in the Hospital, about an hour after the victims had been brought there. This theory, according to this website, is implausible.  Some questions point to problems with the Single Bullet Theory, such as the timing demonstrated in the Zapruder film (Post #2), which shows Kennedy clearly wounded as much as a second before Connally, the trajectory of the bullet makes no sense when compared to the medical report, and the bullet found on the stretcher, is virtually undamaged and had no blood or tissue on it.
We can connect the SingleBullet Theory with the Reason for Belief of Unexplained, as the people who follow this theory believe that the "magic bullet" had made curves to reach each wounded spot. There were no modern techniques of recreating crimes at the time of the assassination of the president to explain the real possibilities of this.

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Much of the early critiques of the Warren Report focused on the implausibility of the "single bullet theory", wherein the Commission attempted to explain how Oswald had killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor Connally with just three shots.

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The JFK Lancer website has several authors who write their articles on topics such as evidence, witnesses, medical studies, and general information.

Connection:
The JFK Lancer website believes the following:

There was more than one shooter;

The investigation was not true or complete by the government;

Government agencies did not provide all the information they had and the case should still be open for clarification and investigation.

Such beliefs clearly connect with the Red Flag Suppression by Authorities, which is the belief that the authorities are hiding something, or holding information about a particular subject.

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Since 1996 JFK Lancer has gathered people together in Dallas to commemorate John F. Kennedy's life and assassination. The encouragement, camaraderie, and sharing of exciting new research gives us momentum and motivation, keeping us on the cutting edge of historical research.

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The photo below shows a man holding a black umbrella near of the place where the president John F. Kennedy was shot. This photo represents the Umbrella Man Theory, which defends the idea that this man is involved in the death of the president, whether using the umbrella as a signal for shooters or as a stun dart launcher.

Connection:
The Umbrella Man Theory concerns the only man holding an umbrella on that sunny day in which JFK's death occurred. The same man was the closest bystanders when the president was hit, sitting on the sidewalk after the shots, and in sequence, walking toward the Texas School Book Depository (place where the shots came from).
Some believers of this theory defend that the man made a sign with his umbrella, communicating with the killers. Others believe that the umbrella was used to fire a paralyzing dart at the president, in order to facilitate the work of the shooter.
This theory was debunked in the 1970s when the man holding the umbrella was identified and claimed he was holding the item as a form of protest.
We can connect the Umbrella man Theory with Reason for Belief of Simplicity because that was the easiest answer to explain something that did not have an easy and direct answer.

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The picture shows a sketch of the president's wound made by Dr McClelland, the doctor who attended John F. Kennedy on the day of the murder.

Connection:
The drawing of the doctor indicates wounds mark out two entrance and exit wounds - one low in the neck and one in his hairline. The surgeon claimed these two bullets came from two different directions.
This supports the conspiracy theory that believes the defendant, Lee Harvey Oswald, did not act alone, and goes against the Commission's conclusion.
Several reports that accompany the photo, call the terms Doctor, or Respect Doctor, connecting with the Red Flag Appeal to Authority. When launching reports claiming that a respected doctor's findings were found and that everything indicates that there was more than one shooter that day, it appealed to people to believe and trust what is being said, without adding other evidence.

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The picture shows the repercussion after a large newspaper published a photo of a man standing in front of the Texas School Book Depository, saying it was Lee Harvey Oswald.

Connection:
The fact that a well-known newspaper published such news called considerable attention to the general public, reinforcing the theory of many that Oswald was not the shooter. This connects with the Red Flag Appeal to Authorities, as the said newspaper had great reach and good reputation, and the Red Flag Proof of Verbosity, once it consists in laying out information, claim or allegations. It is important to mention that after the disclosure of the image, many witnesses recognized the man to be Billy Nolan Lovelady, including himself claiming to be him. However, in one of the his testimonies, Lovelady said he was dressing a striped red and white shirt, unlike the man in the photo. We can also connect it with the Reason for Belief of Ideology, which refers to a set of ideas that lead people to believe in something. Some people still believe it is Oswald in that photo.

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What most surprised us was the amount of conspiracies created from a single object: the assassination of John F. Kennedy. It's amazing how people adhere to theories in reason of their beliefs, often failing to consider possible Red Flags that are clearly involved in that particular topic.

The real life example provided by one of our group members is that he remembers how much information was published and talked about John F. Kennedy's death without any kind of critical analysis from the publishers.

The most interesting research was related to Billy Nolan Lovelady. In search of other answers, a theory was created based on a man who does not really look like Lee Harvey Oswald. This research led us to consider more than one Reason for Belief, such as Conspiracy and Patternicity, once people are tending to see Oswald's characteristics in order to believe that he was not the shooter. This research also led us to see some Red Flags, such as Proof of Verbosity and Appeal to Authorities, since this began with a publication of a newspaper very respected by the public for your serious news.

The most likely issue to be remembered is that the Warren Commission has delivered a report that many people still defy and do not accept as being complete and true, even the crime having happened more than 50 years ago.

In our opinion, the most harmful Reason for Belief can be Ideology, since depending on the set of ideas in which a person or a group of people believes the result can be dangerous. About the Reason for Belief less harmful, we can mention Patternicity, since it is really known that the human being has the tendency to recognize faces and patterns, this is something that is in our day to day.

If we were to pass on the knowledge to someone, friend or relative, the most important thing would be to insert the idea that having critical thinking before we defend an idea, buy a product, or believe something is essential to protect us from something that may even be harmful to our health and life.