# data[].attributes.body
The North American Free Trade Agreement is a treaty between Canada, Mexico and the United States

EX/SENT: That makes NAFTA the world's largest free trade agreemen

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The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them

EX: either a company or an individual.
SENT: outsourcing has become a major trend in Human Resources over the past decade.

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The difference between the value of a country's exports and the value of its imports such that imports exceed exports

EX/SENT: For example an emerging market should import to invest in its infrastructure can be an example of unfavorable balance of trade.

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he value of a nation's exports in excess of the value of its imports.

EX: an emerging market should import to invest in its infrastructure
SENT: Favorable trade balance is when the exports are less than imports, it creates a trade deficit.

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the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another individual or group.

EX/SENT: Refers to the ability of a country to produce a good more efficiently than other countries.

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The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another activity.

EX/SENT: Comparative advantage is when a country produces a good or service for a lower opportunity cost than other countries.

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as that a nation is exporting more than it imports, giving it an inflow of currency.

EX/SENT: An example of Trade surplus is that China is exporting more goods than China imports from other countries.

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The amount by which the cost of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports.

EX/SENT:  if the value of imported items to the United States equaled $1 trillion last year, but the value of exported items from the United States equaled $750 billion, then the United States would have a negative $250 billion BOP, or a $250 billion trade deficit.

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he increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide and rapid spread of technologies.

EX: global supply chains now standard for the manufacture of many devices, ranging from cars to smart phones
SENT: Globalization in economies can be refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology and information.

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When the proportion of income paid in tax stays the same as income increases.

EX: Sales tax
SENT: Proportional taxes can be sales taxs because all consumers, regarding income, pay the same fixed rate.

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A tax that places more burden on those that can least afford it.

EX: are used as taxes on tobacco, alcohol, gasoline, jewelry, and travel.
SENT: True regressive taxes are not used as income taxes.

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A tax in which the average tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.

EX: if one tax code has a low rate of 10 percent and a high rate of 30 percent, another tax code has income tax rates ranging from 10 to 80 percent.
SENT: progressive tax is one that charges a higher tax rate for people who earn a higher income.

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Forward or onward movement toward a destination.

EX: Something that increases the quantity and quality of the workforce increases rates of economic growth.

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A period when income or receipts exceed outlays or expenditures.

EX/SENT: A budget surplus often refers to the financial states of governments; individuals prefer to use the term 'savings' instead of the term 'budget surplus.'

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occurs when expenses exceed revenue and indicate the financial health of a country.

EX/SENT: United States Federal Government's total income for the fiscal year 2012 is $2.469 trillion while its corresponding expenditures amount to $3.796 trillion. This gives us a budget deficit of $1.327 trillion

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The total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed, by various means.

EX: The U.S. Debt.
SENT: National Debt is the total amount of money the country's government has borrowed.

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A government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's  economy.

EX: tax cuts and increased government
SENT: The legislative branch is the branch of government that determines fiscal policy.

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the amount of reserves that banks are required to keep on hand.
To increase money supply, Fed reduces RR.

EX: To reduce money supply, Fed increaseRR, and the process works in reverse.
SENT: Reserve requirement is regulated by the central bank.

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A course of action undertaken by a central bank to slow down overheated economic growth.

EX:Happens when the country's central bank decides to allow new cash flows into the banking system.
SENT: When the CPI reports an increase of inflation it can be considered to be given a tight Money policy.

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The policy that increases the money supply.

EX: Happens when the country's central bank decides to allow new cash flows into the banking system.
SENT: Easy money policy is given when the US economy is in the middle of a long drawn out recession.

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The central bank of the United States.

EX: "the FEDS"
SENT: The monetary policy has the federal reserves controlling it.

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Is when the federal reserve influences the amount of Money and credit in the U.S. economy.

EX: Sell or Buy bonds
SENT: The monetary policy has two types of policies: "tight" and "loose" policy.

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A state of the economy resulting from an extended period of negative economic activity as measured by GDP.

EX: Trough in the business cycle.
SENT: Depression in within the business cycle states that the economy isn't doing well.

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Is when the economy declines significantly for at least 6 months.

EX: Great Recession.
SENT: The U.S. economy had been in a recession.

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Is a low turning point or a local minimum of a business cycle.

EX/SENT: In the business cycle trough can be seen as a bust.

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Is when the economy moves from a trough to a peak.

EX/SENT: A period of expansion can also be known as an economic recovery.

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Is the highest point between the end of an economic expansion and the start of a contraction in the business cycle.

EX/SENT: The peak typically refers to the last month before several key economic indicators, such as employment, begin to fall.

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Is a decline in national output as measured by gross domestic product.

EX/SENT: When consumers tend to spend more cautious that typically means the economy is in a contraction.

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A cycle or series of cycles of economic expansion and contraction.

EX/Sentence: The business cycle includes four phases: expansion, peak, recession, and trough.

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A statement or image meant to mislead people into believing an exaggerated truth.

EX: Political signs and commercials.

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Is a feeling of disinterest in the sense of politics or apathy towards politics

EX: It can be categorized as the indifference of an individual and a lack of interest in participating in political activities.

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A person who takes part in an organized attempt to influence legislators.

EX: American Civil Liberties Union..

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A group of people or an organization seeking or receiving special advantages, typically through political lobbying.

EX: United States Chamber of Commerce, National Association of Manufacturers, etc

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Is an official who holds an office. If you want to run for congress, you're going to have to beat the incumbent.

EX: Trump

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is an indirect system for electing the United States president using Electoral College votes.

EX: s the group of people who cast the final votes for President and Vice President of the United States.

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a convention of a major political party, especially one that nominates a candidate for the presidency.

EX: They are also the forums where presidential candidates are given the official nod by their parties.

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a preliminary election to appoint delegates to a party conference or to select the candidates for a principal, especially presidential, election.

EX: California primary election in which registered voters vote for their favorite candidate in their political party who will then represent their party as a candidate in the final election.

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A special election to vote someone out of office

EX: Alaska, Arizona, California

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Voting for candidates from different parties

EX: is having the ablility to vote for Republican Donald Trump as president, whilst voting for Democratic Party candidates in both the House of Representatives and the Senate

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Is the practice of voting for every candidate that a political party has on a general election ballot.

EX: voters make one punch or mark on the ballot in order to vote for every candidate of that party for each partisan office on the ballot.

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Is a system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices.

EX: Ireland, Brazil, Italy, Mexico, ect

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A party system where two major political parties dominate the government.

EX: The United States

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A form of government where the country is ruled by a single political party, meaning only one political party exists and the forming of other political parties is forbidden.

EX: China

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A formal set of principal goal which are supported by a political party or individual candidates.

EX: Socialism, communism, fascism, or capitalism.

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A candidate's’ or party stance one issue.

EX: The opinions and viewpoints about individual topics, as help by a party, person, or organization.

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Holding to traditional attitudes and values ad cautious about change or innovation.

EX: Tend to support school prayer and oppose abortion and same sex marriage.

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Is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.

EX: A good example of liberal is someone who likes new ideas that will bring progress even if they are not traditional.

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Is a group of people with similar political goals and opinions. The purpose is to get candidates elected to public office.

EX: Democratic, Republicans, etc

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Electoral process in which the candidate who polls more votes than any other candidate must receive more votes than all other candidates combined.

EX: If a candidate gets 50.1% of the vote, she gets a majority.

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The willingness to expand basic rights and civil liberties to persons and groups whose viewpoints differ from one's own.

EX: Weed

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Means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences.

EX: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexual orientation, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, etc

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(law) any wrongdoing legal action whose outcome us likely to become a precedent.
EX: Include battery, conversion, false imprisonment and defamation.

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judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing custom.
EX: is a rule that a judge made that says that people have a duty to read contracts.

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Law passed by Congress.
EX: The US code is indexed collection of the U.S. law

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A court ruling bearing upon subsequent legal decisions in similar cases.
EX: is the legal decision in Brown v. Board of Education guiding future laws about desegregation.

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Authority vested in a court to hear and decide a case.
EX: Bankruptcy, divorce, civil rights violations, and probate. (Subject matters)

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The body of law dealing with crime and their punishments.
EX: A teenager is caught dealing drugs at a local park

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Law that involves interpretation and application of the Constitution
EX: A mayor want sot put up a nativity scene in town hall

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The code regulating conduct between private persons.
EX: A couple is going to court over child custody

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A measurement of the rate at which offenders commit other crimes, either by arrest or conviction baselines, after being released from incarceration.
EX: Can or will increase as the recidivism window increases.

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refers to the rules of procedural law that consists of both hearing and determining cases in criminal proceedings, civil lawsuits or administrative proceedings by constitutional courts.
EX: Original Jurisdiction- when a court first hearing a case....

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A court that hears a case on appeal from a lower court.
EX: The appeals court might find that the trial judge improperly disallowed evidence that should have been seen by the jury.

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The authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case.
EX: Case in the 1998 case of State of New Jersey v., State of New York

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When a President rejects a Bill
EX: President George Bush refusing to sign the State children's Health insurance bill.

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A permanent committee in Congress that oversees bills that deal with certain kinds of issues.
EX: Rules, Ways and Means, and Armed services

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organization of people who share a common interest and work together to protect and promote that interest by influencing the government.
EX: U.S. Chamber of Commerce

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When the President puts a Bill aside for 10 days and it does not become a law of Congress has adjourned. After 10 days if Congress is still in session, the bill becomes a law.
EX: Obama will use an executive procedure known as "pocket veto" to send the legislation, which passed in Congress..

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An activist who seeks to persuade members of the government to enact legislation that would benefit their group.
EX: Animal Legal Defense Fund

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Person living in the district of an elected official
EX: Registered voter

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When members of the House of reps and Senate compromise on differences in a Bill before it goes to the President
EX: House= Ways and Means (most significant)
Senate= Appropriations; judiciary; Banding, Housing, and Urban Affairs

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When a Senator tries to prevent a vote by talking as long as possible during the debate.
EX: Ted Cruz 2013 was about Corrupt against the government bugent bill

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When 60 Senator vote to stop (clot) a filibuster.
EX: Must have super majority - 60 votes - to do it

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The right of federal courts to declare laws of congress and acts of executive branch void and unenforceable if they are judged to be in conflict with Constitution
EXAMPLES:
The powers of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws, judicial decisions

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Powers that both national Government and States possess and exercise
EXAMPLES:
power to tax
build roads
create lower courts

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Those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National Government and does not, at the same, deny to the States
EXAMPLES:
Creating school systems
Running state courts
Managing local government

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Those delegated powers of the National Government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; Those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed powers
EXAMPLES:
The Constitution doesn't say that Congress has the right to establish a bank, but its defenders claimed that one was necessary to carry out the Congress power to collect taxes

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Powers are stated in the constitution
EXAMPLE:
The power to regulate both foreign and interstate commerce
Taxing
Coin and printing money

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The Government and its officers are always subject to "never above" the law
EXAMPLE:
Laws should apply equally to all citizens
Laws should be made public so everyone understands

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The sharing of powers between federal and state government
EXAMPLE:
United States
Canada
European Union

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Each branch of the national government can check the actions of the other two branches
EXAMPLES:
The president may veto a law passed by the Congress
The Supreme Court may declare a law passed by Congress unconstitutional

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The Branches legislative, executive, and judicial powers, this system ensures that all of them maintain equal powers by giving each of them a power against one another.
EXAMPLE:
Legislative branch includes senate and House of representatives which makes the laws
Executive branch includes the President and Vice President which enforces the law
Judicial branch includes the Supreme Court which interprets the law

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The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government.
EXAMPLES:
The 10th amendments to the constitution saying "the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people" and "the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,..."

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The gathering that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787; all states were invited to send delegates. The convention, meeting in Philadelphia, designed a government with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

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An uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in 1786. Shays's followers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt and briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system.

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The Connecticut Compromise was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.

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a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

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late-18th century movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution.

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are rights that believe it is important for all people or even living being to have out of natural law. ... In the United States Declaration of Independence, the natural rights mentioned are "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness".

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A seventeenth-century English philosopher. Locke argued against the belief that human beings are born with certain ideas already in their minds.

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From: Roosh Valizadeh, the publisher Re: Permanent closure of Return Of Kings Return Of Kings started as an idea in a cafe in Kharkov, Ukraine in 2012. At that time, a book I was reading about the achievements of Alexander the Great inflamed my ego and I decided that I, too, wanted to do something great to change the world.

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was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.

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an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection

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An agreement among the thirteen original states, approved in 1781, that provided a loose federal government before the present Constitution went into effect in 1789.

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is tyranny. A slogan of the Revolutionary War and the years before. The colonists were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in London, which passed the laws under which they were taxed.

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is an American history term that refers to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England.