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“Programmed auto,” usually marked with a “P” on the mode dial, is another partially automatic mode. The DSLR camera will select the best shutter speed and aperture setting, depending on the available lighting, and the photographer can control the other settings.

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Understanding manual mode is really understanding the three parts that make up a properly exposed image. Which are: Aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Aperture is simply the amount of light that your lens lets into the camera.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera modedial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions

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When your camera mode dial is set on AV, your camera is in Shutter Priority Mode(S is used instead of TV on Nikon and many other cameras). In TV, the user manually chooses a shutter speed setting while the camera automatically adjusts the aperture for each shot.

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The "program" in Program mode refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. No matter whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speedcombination that will give you a good exposure

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In Digital Photography ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain.

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In digital photographs, “noise” is the commonly-used term to describe visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph. Noise tends to get worse when you're shooting in low light

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ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used. Now, most film is labeled by ISO, which was created in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. ... It can be objectionably noticeable in an over-enlarged photographic film photograph.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film. The reflex design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras.

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Metadata is a set of data that describes and gives information about other data. Photo metadataallows information to be transported with an image file, in a way that can be understood by other software, hardware, and end users, regardless of the format.

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Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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SOOC means “straight-out-of-camera” and denotes *ZERO* computer photoshop.

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Vibration Reduction (Nikon) and Image Stabilization (Canon) is the name of a technology that helps stabilize the lens movement associated from hand shake. These stabilizers help eliminate blurry photos resulting from hand shake or if you're shutter speed is too slow.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a "beep," and some of the AF points will light up (often in a red or green color) in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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In photography, bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings. ... Autobracketing is automatic bracketing by using a setting on the camera to take several bracketed shots (in contrast to the photographer altering the settings by hand between each shot).

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The exposure meter indicates the level of light reaching the sensor. ... Aperture and shutter speed allow more or less light to hit the sensor, and ISO indicates how sensitive the sensor is to light. Their relationship to a "stop" is when they double or half the amount of light.

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Exposure Compensation. Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. In modes P, S, and A, the camera automatically adjusts settings for optimal exposure, but this may not always produce the exposure the photographer intended.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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A means Aperture priority - you control the Aperture or F-stop and the camera modifes the shutter speed In conclusion, the aperture or lens opening measured in F-stops affects the depth of field in your pictures and the amount of light entering your lens.

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The aperture stop of a photographic lens can be adjusted to control the amount of light reaching the film or image sensor. In combination with variation of shutter speed, the aperture size will regulate the film's or image sensor's degree of exposure to light.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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As a result, depth of field (DoF) is the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be “acceptably sharp” in an image. The distance between the camera and the first element that is considered to be acceptably sharp is called DoF near limit.

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into account the "color temperature" of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.

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Not all cameras have this setting because it sets things as fairly ‘normal’ white balance settings.

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The light in shade is generally cooler (bluer) than shooting in direct sunlight so this mode will warm things up a little.

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this setting generally warms things up a touch more than ‘daylight’ mode.

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this mode is usually symbolized with a little bulb and is for shooting indoors, especially under tungsten (incandescent) lighting (such as bulb lighting). It generally cools down the colors in photos.

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This compensates for the ‘cool’ light of fluorescent light and will warm up your shots.

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Shooting with flash and camera white balance setting equipped

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Using a custom white balance setting depending on your surroundings

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This range of fast shutter speeds is used to photograph quickly moving objects, achieving sharp focus, without motion blur, with less ambient light in the scene. They usually work well for overcast or partly cloudy days.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Motion blur photography is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo. It's a great way to capture movement in a still image and can be used for any image in which you want to show motion. ... The goal is to show speed, motion, and the passage of time.

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In photography, a tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.

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In photography Camera Shake is the blur effect that a Photographer does see / experience in their final photograph because they are unable to hold their camerasperfectly still in their hands during the recording process with long / slow shutter speeds.

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A shadow is a dark area where light from a light source is blocked by an opaque object. It occupies all of the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it. The cross section of a shadow is a two-dimensional silhouette, or a reverse projection of the object blocking the light.

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The midtones gradually blend into the shadows as the surface becomes farther from the light source. Shadows can have sharp or smooth edges. It depends on the surface of the object and the intensity of light.

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.

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Sepia is a form of photographic print toning – a tone added to a black and white photograph in the darkroom to “warm” up the tones (though since it is still a monochromatic image it is still considered black and white).

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Post-processing may refer to: Image editing in photography. Audio editing software in audio. Differential GPS post-processing, an enhancement to GPS systems that improves accuracy. Video post-processing, methods used in video processing and 3D graphics.