# data[].attributes.body
There are sympatric occurrences of genetically and morphologically divergent groups of H.nemurus in locations presently separated by sea

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This supports the proposition that low sea levels permitted the dispersion and mingling of genetic groups most probably evolved in allopatry.

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12 fish were sampled from each of the 13 sites around sunda shelf
They were dissected to remove liver and eggs then MtDNA extraction

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Examine unique biogeographical situation where expected to have widespread occurrence of distinct mitochondrial DNA clades based on the geological history of region

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The divergent DNA groups of these species are associated with distinct geographic ranges reflecting long-term barriers that are largely independent of glacial events.

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Some species sampled in more southerly localities have retained DNA which diverged many millions of years ago.

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Indicates the subdivision of ancestral catfish group was extensive, probably occurred early Pleistocene

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Restriction fragment length length polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA documented for 140 putative river catfish

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Regional groups caused by early Pleistocene sub division

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Regional groups caused by early Pleistocene sub division

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Contrasts original hypothesis and present biogeographic theory = little exchange of genetic groups between mainland and Sunda Islands during recent glaciations

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Pleistocene glaciation shaped the intra-specific genetic structure of fresh water fish

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Pleistocene glaciation shaped the intra-specific genetic structure of fresh water fish

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Pleistocene glacial maxima = sea level lower than present

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Sunda shelf islands and Asian mainland connected by lowlands traversed by rivers

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Sunda shelf islands and Asian mainland connected by lowlands traversed by rivers

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Biogeographic history of SE Asia contributing to admixture, during low sea levels, of river catfish - isolated during periods of high sea level

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FRESHWATER CATFISH - PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES

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FRESHWATER CATFISH - PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES