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Known as ‘The Father of Federation’ Henry Parkes was a very significant politician who helped build Australia’s Federation. In 1872 he became the Premier of NSW for the first time. He expressed lots of interest in the idea of Australia’s Federation calling for colonies to be united and connected. He is  most famous for delivering his Tenterfield Oration in 1889, which ended up leading to a Constitutional Convention in 1891, which was the first of a series of meetings that led to the Federation of Australia. Sadly, five years before his process was completed he passed away (1896).

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Australia became an independent nation on 1 January 1901 when the British Parliament passed legislation it allowed the six Australian colonies to govern in their own right as part of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia was established as a constitutional monarchy. The main reasons for federation was to have a common and way stranger defence, standorizing the railway gauges, improved taxation system and one common immigration laws.

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There are three levels of government who work together to serve Australia. The federal government was formed in 1901 they are responsible for taxation, defence and immigration. It also has a responsibility in university education and health care. The state government of WA was formally known as the Swan River colony June 1829. The responsibilities included education, health (hospitals), emergency services, water and electricity.

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The three functions of government are: Legislative, Executive and Judicial.

The Legislative is made up of the queen (represented by the Governor General), the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Executive is made up of the Queen (who is represented by the Governor-General), Prime Minister and ministers.
The judiciary is made up of the High Court and other federal courts.
The role of Legislative is to make and amends the law.
The executive’s role is to put the laws into action.
The judiciary makes judgements about the law.

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Change your wallpaper

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The Constitution is a set of rules outlining how the country was to be governed. Australia’s constitution was passed by the British parliament in 1900 and proclaimed on the 1st of January 1901. In the 1890s at a series of meetings held in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney the Constitution was drawn up. The Constitution states that the federal government should consist of five parts. The first part of the federal government is the House of Representatives which has members that are elected by all voters. The second part is the senate. The senate represents both the 2 territories and the the 6 states. Third is the Executive, which consists of the Cabinet of Ministers and of our Prime Minister. Fourth is the High Court, which is used to interpret the Constitution and would also act as referee in arguments between the state and federal governments. Lastly, the fifth part is the Governor General, who is appointed to represent the monarch, currently he represents Queen Elizabeth the 2nd. To Alter the constitutuion you must perform 4 steps: The first step states- a proposal to alter the constitution must be passed by both houses of the Federal Parliament.
2- No later than six months after it has been passed by parliament, it must be voted on by the electors of the states, at a referendum.
3- At the referendum, the proposal must be approved by a majority of the electors in a majority of the states.
4- The proposal then receives the approval of the Governor General.