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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in court.

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The clause of the first amendment of the US constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by congress.

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Used to ensure fair trail to the excused.

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Prevents an accused person for being tried again on the the same (or similar) charges.

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Involves the communication of ideas through the combination of language and action.

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An unconstitutional distinction made between individuals on the basis of race, national origin, or religious affiliation, in a statue, ordinance, regulation, or policy.

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Refers to the legal segregation of groups in society. Jim Crow Laws.

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Police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant.

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A landmark decision by the Supreme Court. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.

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Actions that purposely and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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A constitutional doctrine where selected provisions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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A case in which the Supreme Court ruled that is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage is recitation in public schools.

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Supreme Court ruled that separate schools for black and whites are unconstitutional.

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Supreme Court rules that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional rights to an attorney and against self-incrimination.

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All person born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

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Evidence obtained in the violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. (Unreasonable searches and seizures). Are inadmissible in state courts.

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An examination to see in a person can read or write. Used against African Americans making it almost impossible for them to vote.

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An effort to improve the employment and education opportunities of members of minority groups and women.

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The name of racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s.

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Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Affirms the constitutional right to access safe, legal abortion.

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An enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and two daughters.

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Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality. Separate but equal.

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Supreme Court ruled unanimously that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants that in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

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A judicial standard of review the examines weather a legislature had a reasonable and not an Arbitrary basis for enacting a particular state.

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Protects religious opinion, expression of opinion, and practice were all expressly protected.

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Government prohibition of speech in advance of publication.

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Supreme Court ruled in an 8-1 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act from 1986 was unconstitutional.

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Prevents the government from respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peacefully assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances.

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The right of the people to keep and bear arms.

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Prevents unreasonable searches and seizures.

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Mostly observed in relation to education. Because school enrollment is based on geographical grouping of students, it is not uncommon for schools to remain segregated de facto, through there are no laws that require it.

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Protects individuals from being compelled to be witnesses against themselves in criminal cases.

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ordered Japaneses Americans into interment camps during World War ll regardless of their citizenship.

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Guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trail without necessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you.

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directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders.

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The right to a jury trial in certain civil cases inhibits courts from overturning a jury's finding of fact.

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Imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment.

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Grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States.

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involve the communication of false information about a person. libel is any Defamation that can be seen such as a writing, printing, effigy, movie, or statue Slander is something that is spoken to hurt you.

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Any false, publicly spoken statement that harms the reputation of another person, group of people or organization.

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Court case dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of press. About people wearing the Nazis' symbol and it being allowed or not.