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The Gallipoli Campaign:
allied attempt to capture Dardanelles straight to create supply line to Russia, failed ended in 250000 dead
Battles in Africa and Asia:
Jap joins war in 1914 and seizes De island territories in pacific. Fr and GB colonies take control of De african colonies
America Joins the Fight:
Joined in 1917 after De tried to have Mx declare war and invade US. also De conducted submarine campaigns on US passenger boats going to GB
unrestricted submarine warfare:
De policy of attacking all ships in the British Isles no matter what type they are. Lead to US joining the war

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Governments Wage Total War:
De Fr GB rus & hol. rom. emp. 's war govs take over civilian organizations, control rationing factories, everyone put to work n some way
total war: where every faction of life in a country is affected by and effects war
rationing: limiting of popular products to conserve supply for war
propoganda: 1 sided political advertising to influence the minds of populace
Women and the War:
because of total war even women were required to join war effort. helped as nurses or as civilians working in factories.

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Russia Withdraws:
after Rus revolution and overthrow of tsar nicky 2, Lenin removed rue from war and made peace with De, letting them revert all of their power to west front
The Central Powers Collapse:
Bulg & Otto fell first followed by Hol. Rom. Emp. because of revolution, De made 1 final push west, made it to Marne before defeated causing public to turn against Kiaser willy and his replacement: Foch signed peace treaty
armistice:
peace treaty

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General Notes:
cost about 338 billion on 1918 money
killed 8 million soldiers
lead to WW2
made everything worse

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De = Germany
Fr = France
GB = Great Britian
Rus = Russia
Hol Rom Emp = Holy Roman Empire/Austria Hungary
Jap = Japan
Mx = Mexico
Otto = Ottoman Empire
Bulg = Bulgaria
It = Italy
Serb = Serbia
Ch = Switzerland
Cz Slov = Czechoslovakia
Yugo = Yugoslavia
Hngry = Hungary
Au = Austria
Est = Estonia
Lat = Latvia
Lith = Lithuania
Fin = Finland
Saar = Territory of the Saar Basin
Pal = Palestine
Iq = Iraq
TJ = Transjordan
Syr = Syria
Leb = Lebanon
LN = League of Nations
OTS = Over seas territories

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Rise of Nationalism:
among the great powers of Europe
Fr, GB, Rus., It, De, Hol. Rom. Emp.
also in Balkans for independence
Imperialism and Militarism:
Imperialism sparked massive competition
lead to creation of large armies by the great powers except GB
Euro arms race
Militarism:
The policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

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Nations take Sides:
supposed to be a short war
central vs allies
Ed Grey predicted long bloody war
Central Powers:
De, Hol. Rom. Emp. Ottoman
Allies:
Fr, GB, Jap, Rus, Serb, Italy

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Woodrow Wilson: 28 pres of US during WW1 negotiated peace at Versailles
Georges Clemenceau:
PM of Fr during WW1, leader of 3rd Fr Republic, nicknamed the tiger for ferocity during PPT
Wilson's Plan for Peace:
14 points on how to achieve just and lasting peace, created new countries: Cz Slov, Yugo, Hngry, Au, Est, Lat, Lith, Fin, Saar, Pal, Iq, Tj, Syr, Leb. Laid out plan for LN, end secret treaties reduce size of militaries, free seas, and free trade
Fourteen Points:
Wilson's plan for lasting peace in Euro and World (see above)
self-determination:
Idea of letting the people choose who governs them, not being lumped up by other countries looking to gain more land
The Versailles Treaty:
flawed peace agreement between Allies and De. Created LN and forced Germany to take full responsibility for the War and pay war reparations to the allies, removed Germany's colonies and OSTs and gave them to be independently governed by Fr and GB. Large compromise between Fr + GB and US, lead to US signing separate treaty later, one of the largest things to lead to WW2
Treaty of Versailles:
flawed peace treaty between Allies and Germany
League of Nations:
Precursor to UN, created international association of big + small countries meant to keep peace among nations

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Bismarck Forges Early Pacts:
unified German States
declared "Significant Power"
forged treaty with Hol. Rom. Emp.
Then triple alliance with IT
Fr was greatest threat because of Lorraine
Triple Alliance:
Alliance between Germany, the Holy Roman Empire, and Italy to isolate France from allies
Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace:
Wilhelm took power
lost alliance with Russia
tried to build big navy to comp GB
Kaiser Wilhelm II:
cousin of Queen Vic and Tsar Nick
eventually declared war on them
very sly, vain, and an idiot
Triple Entente:
triple alliance made with France Britain, and Russia to not go to war with each other

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Western Front:
fought in France and Belgium
lead to trenches, verdun somme, marne
The Conflict Grinds Along:
De lost advantage in Fr after they lost the first Marne
GB drove wedge between the two De flanks
Schliefen Plan:
De plan to defeat Fr quickly and then turn east and fight Rus who was less industrialized
War in the Trenches:
long stalemate in west between fr + GB vs De caused both sides to build trenches from North Sea to Ch
Trench Warfare:
war in the trenches between Fr and De

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The Creation of New Nations:
made by treaties signed by Hol Rom Emp and Otto to make new smaller countries of: Cz Slov, Yugo, Hngry, Au, Est, Lat, Lith, Fin, as well as independent territories governed by the League of nations of Saar, Pal, Iq, Tj, Syr, Leb. Disguised GB and Fr colonialism as Mandates by LN
"A Peace Built on Quicksand"
because of unfairness of Versailles treaty peace soon fell apart and negated the effectiveness of the LN, lost allies in It and Jap and made them mad because they did not gain territory, and made As and Af people mad because they did not get independence, ended up leading to WW2.

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A Restless Region:

A Shot Rings Throughout Europe:
Serbian shot stupid Austrian Archduke
sparked war with Hol. Rom. Emp. and Serbia, bringing in Russia and Germany

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Eastern Front:
battles between De/Hol. Rom. Emp. and Rus
Early Fighting:
early on the Russians  pressed in to De/Hol Rom Emp but were soon repelled due to poor rus industrialization
Russia Struggles:
The Russians were largely isolated from allies because De and Ott Emp controlled black and baltic seas however they had huge numbers of peeps even if they had poor ammo and supplies

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Summarize the new weapons that developed during the course of WWI:
Air planes were armed and given bombs-became the most important weapon for later wars
machine guns-both sides
poison gas weapons-both sides
tanks-GB
Submarines-De