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Skeleton notes Modern America 25.2

"Freedom Rides." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 May. 2011. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Freedom-Rides/399760. Accessed 2 Nov. 2018.

"The Freedom Rides." American Decades, edited by Judith S. Baughman, et al., vol. 7: 1960-1969, Gale, 2001. Student Resources In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3468302354/SUIC?u=tryitilk12&sid=SUIC&xid=766115c6. Accessed 2 Nov. 2018.

All images were acquired via Google Images and are the results Google gave me when I searched "freedom rides"

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Robert Kennedy played a key role in keeping the Freedom Riders as safe as possible

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Robert Kennedy played a key role in keeping the Freedom Riders as safe as possible

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Signs like these could no longer be put in buses and their related facilities

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Signs like these could no longer be put in buses and their related facilities

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Buses were attacked and in this case, the tires were slashed

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Buses were attacked and in this case, the tires were slashed

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Military enforcing desegregation of buses and bus facilities

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Military enforcing desegregation of buses and bus facilities

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An image of multiple Freedom Riders, including individuals who may have been involved in sit-ins

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An image of multiple Freedom Riders, including individuals who may have been involved in sit-ins

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Highway patrol members under orders to escort the Freedom Riders

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Highway patrol members under orders to escort the Freedom Riders

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Freedom Riders holding their posters outside of the bus windows

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Freedom Riders holding their posters outside of the bus windows

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Image of the aftermath of an attack on Freedom Riders

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Image of the aftermath of an attack on Freedom Riders

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After the Boynton v. Virginia case, buses and their related facilities could no longer be segregated.

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The purpose of the Freedom Rides was to determine whether or not Southern States would uphold the ruling of the Supreme Court.

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The Freedom Riders were convinced that segregationists in the South would react violently to the Freedom Rides, forcing the federal government to enforce the ruling of the Boynton v. Virginia case.

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In South Carolina, violent encounters were minor compared to what happened in Alabama. On May 14, when a bus stopped not far from Anniston to change a tire that had been slashed, it was attacked with molotovs, and those who fled the bus were beaten.

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Another group of Freedom Riders were arrested in Birmingham and sent back to Tennessee, but remained undeterred and went back to Birmingham. Under orders from U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, acquired a bus and protection from the State Highway Patrol, then made the journey to Montgomery, where due to the negligence of local law enforcement, the Freedom Riders were attacked and beaten.

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On May 29, the Interstate Commerce Commission was ordered by Kennedy to enforce even more strict bans on segregated interstate travel. However, Freedom Rides still continued until these new bans took effect.

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The Freedom Rides were conceptualized by CORE in 1961 and were inspired by a sit in that made a white only restaurant serve AA.

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Without an order of compliance from the Interstate Commerce Commission, southern states would ignore the ruling of the Boynton v. Virginia case.

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The Freedom riders were trained and experienced civil rights activists, and some had participated in recent sit ins.

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The purpose of the Freedom Rides was to press the newly appointed Kennedy administration to enforce the ruling of the Boynton v. Virginia case.