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Developing a Collective Leadership Philosophy

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Developing an Effective Command Philosophy

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Why You Should Have Written a Leadership Philosophy

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A young manager accosted me the other day. "I've been reading all about leadership, have implemented several ideas, and think I'm doing a good job at leading my team. How will I know when I've crossed over from being a manager to a leader?" he wanted to know.

I didn't have a ready answer and it's a complicated issue, so we decided to talk the next day. I thought long and hard, and came up with three tests that will help you decide if you've made the shift from managing people to leading them.

Counting value vs Creating value. You're probably counting value, not adding it, if you're managing people. Only managers count value; some even reduce value by disabling those who add value. If a diamond cutter is asked to report every 15 minutes how many stones he has cut, by distracting him, his boss is subtracting value.

By contrast, leaders focuses on creating value, saying: "I'd like you to handle A while I deal with B." He or she generates value over and above that which the team creates, and is as much a value-creator as his or her followers are. Leading by example and leading by enabling people are the hallmarks of action-based leadership.

Circles of influence vs Circles of power. Just as managers have subordinates and leaders have followers, managers create circles of power while leaders create circles of influence.

The quickest way to figure out which of the two you're doing is to count the number of people outside your reporting hierarchy who come to you for advice. The more that do, the more likely it is that you are perceived to be a leader.

Leading people vs Managing work. Management consists of controlling a group or a set of entities to accomplish a goal. Leadership refers to an individual's ability to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward organizational success. Influence and inspiration separate leaders from managers, not power and control.

In India, M.K. Gandhi inspired millions of people to fight for their rights, and he walked shoulder to shoulder with them so India could achieve independence in 1947. His vision became everyone's dream and ensured that the country's push for independence was unstoppable. The world needs leaders like him who can think beyond problems, have a vision, and inspire people to convert challenges into opportunities, a step at a time.

I encouraged my colleague to put this theory to the test by inviting his team-mates for chats. When they stop discussing the tasks at hand - and talk about vision, purpose, and aspirations instead, that's when you will know you have become a leader.

Agree?

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Three Differences Between Managers and Leaders

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A young manager accosted me the other day. "I've been reading all about leadership, have implemented several ideas, and think I'm doing a good job at leading my team. How will I know when I've crossed over from being a manager to a leader?" he wanted to know.

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When you are promoted into a role where you are managing people, you don't automatically become a leader. There are important distinctions between managing and leading people. Here are nine of the most important differences that set leaders apart:
1. Leaders create a vision, managers create goals.
Leaders paint a picture of what they see as possible and inspire and engage their people in turning that vision into reality. They think beyond what individuals do. They activate people to be part of something bigger. They know that high-functioning teams can accomplish a lot more working together than individuals working autonomously. Managers focus on setting, measuring and achieving goals. They control situations to reach or exceed their objectives.
2. Leaders are change agents, managers maintain the status quo.
Leaders are proud disrupters. Innovation is their mantra. They embrace change and know that even if things are working, there could be a better way forward. And they understand and accept the fact that changes to the system often create waves. Managers stick with what works, refining systems, structures and processes to make them better.
3. Leaders are unique, managers copy.
Leaders are willing to be themselves. They are self-aware and work actively to build their unique and differentiated personal brand. They are comfortable in their own shoes and willing to stand out. They're authentic and transparent. Managers mimic the competencies and behaviors they learn from others and adopt their leadership style rather than defining it.
4. Leaders take risks, managers control risk .
Leaders are willing to try new things even if they may fail miserably. They know that failure is often a step on the path to success. Managers work to minimize risk. They seek to avoid or control problems rather than embracing them.
5. Leaders are in it for the long haul, managers think short-term.
Leaders have intentionality. They do what they say they are going to do and stay motivated toward a big, often very distant goal. They remain motivated without receiving regular rewards. Managers work on shorter-term goals, seeking more regular acknowledgment or accolades.
6. Leaders grow personally, managers rely on existing, proven skills.
Leaders know if they aren't learning something new every day, they aren't standing still, they're falling behind. They remain curious and seek to remain relevant in an ever-changing world of work. They seek out people and information that will expand their thinking. Managers often double down on what made them successful, perfecting existing skills and adopting proven behaviors.
7. Leaders build relationships, managers build systems and processes.
Leaders focus on people - all the stakeholders they need to influence in order to realize their vision. They know who their stakeholders are and spend most of their time with them. They build loyalty and trust by consistently delivering on their promise. Managers focus on the structures necessary to set and achieve goals. They focus on the analytical and ensure systems are in place to attain desired outcomes. They work with individuals and their goals and objectives.
8. Leaders coach, managers direct.
Leaders know that people who work for them have the answers or are able to find them. They see their people as competent and are optimistic about their potential. They resist the temptation to tell their people what to do and how to do it. Managers assign tasks and provide guidance on how to accomplish them.
9. Leaders create fans, managers have employees.
Leaders have people who go beyond following them; their followers become their raving fans and fervent promoters - helping them build their brand and achieve their goals. Their fans help them increase their visibility and credibility. Managers have staff who follow directions and seek to please the boss.

Are you a manager or a leader?

Join me! I'm delivering a special Forbes Webinar with Kimberly Horner: The New Rules for Personal Branding. We'll share everything you need to know so you can build your brand for the digital age. It's on September 12 th at noon EDT. Register here.

William Arruda is the cofounder of CareerBlast and creator of the LinkedIn quiz that helps you evaluate your profile and networking strategy.

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9 Differences Between Being A Leader And A Manager

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When you are promoted into a role where you are managing people, you don't automatically become a leader. There are important distinctions between managing and leading people. Here are nine of the most important differences that set leaders apart: 1. Leaders create a vision, managers create goals.

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MILFORD - More and more teens are trying e-cigarettes these days and it's a trend many schools around the nation are looking to stop.

One of those is Jonathan Law High School in Milford. The situation has gotten so bad, the principal said he has had to limit bathroom use to some of the students.

Behind every door at the high school is a classroom of eager students and their teachers, but behind the bathroom doors is a bad habit waiting to happen.

"Kids were congregating in the bathrooms, so we'd have kids in a stall, 5 or 6 kids at a time in a stall. This is a nationwide epidemic," said Principal Francis Thompson.

Thompson has been the principal for almost ten years and has seen a lot. However, teens becoming addicted to e-cigarettes is something he doesn't want to keep seeing.

"For the company to say 'we're not marketing for high school kids or teenagers' is just not true. The design is marketed that way," added Thompson.

An e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that is meant to make a person feel like they are smoking a regular cigarette. The person inhales a heated liquid called a vapor, the common term known as vaping.

One vaping device called Juul looks like a USB flash drive, a discreet way for students to bring it to class.

High School senior Austin Danville said he sees it all the time.

"I guess it looks like a hard drive but like it's not smart to bring into class. The teachers know now, it's not new," said Danville.

Teachers have been noticing students missing class to go to the bathroom.

"They would get a pass to go to the bathroom and instead of a 5-minute trip and then back to class, they'd be out for 20 minutes," said Thompson.

So, Thompson came up with a strategy. He locked certain bathrooms and came up with sign in and sign out sheets as a way for him to detect a pattern on when students would go vaping.

"I want kids to know that what they're doing isn't about getting caught but about what they're doing to their bodies long-term down the road. That's where the education piece comes in."

Thompson keeps a yellow envelope in his desk drawer and it is full of e-cigarettes he has confiscated from students.

Commonly known to contain nicotine, recent studies show teens are now using it to smoke marijuana.

According to a school-based survey, nearly 1 in 11 students has used marijuana in e-cigarettes. Results published in a the Journal JAMA Pediatrics found more than two million middle and high school students have used the devices for pot.

William Contaxis, also a senior, said he knows acquaintances who vape frequently mainly for social status.

"I know a lot of the kids like to think that it's cool or what a lot of the popular kid would do, so it's a wave that everyone likes to hop on," said Contaxis.

It is a wave that parents like Jose Cardoso is nervous about since he has two teenagers himself.

"My daughter's friends were vaping and she had told me they got in trouble and so that's my concern -- that maybe one day she's going to want to try it," said Cardoso of Milford.

Thompson wants to prevent that "one day" Cardoso is talking about.

"I would hate to lose a generation of kids while we're waiting for the research."

Thompson said instead of punishing repeated offenders, he offers him counseling or sessions with health professionals. He has also conducted many informational sessions by inviting the public to openly talk about this.

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High School principal develops strategy to tackle students vaping in school

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MILFORD - More and more teens are trying e-cigarettes these days and it's a trend many schools around the nation are looking to stop. One of those is Jonathan Law High School in Milford. The situation has gotten so bad, the principal said he has had to limit bathroom use to some of the students.

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Schools Respond to the Rise of Student Vaping

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Easy to conceal in hoodies and hands, vaping takes a foothold among youth. Schools look for solutions.

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Use of Juul device makes vaping hard to detect

After years of aggressive anti-tobacco campaigns aimed at teenagers, students have largely rejected smoking, but many have tried vaping, sending school leaders scrambling to revise discipline policies and drug prevention classes to confront the new trend of inhaling flavor-infused nicotine vapor.

Adding urgency to those efforts: A small, sleek device that could be easily mistaken for a USB drive has joined the market of vaping and e-cigarette products. The device, called a Juul, has surged in popularity in the last year, in part because its low-profile design allows students to easily conceal their habit and inhale the flavored nicotine vapor in school restrooms, hallways, and even classrooms undetected.

Like many trends among teenagers, vaping and "juuling" gained a foothold among young people long before adults and school administrators realized the scale of the problem, principals said, and now they are rushing to catch up.

"I think it's everywhere, and my school is no different," said Francis Thompson, the principal of Jonathan Law High School in Milford, Conn. "I think it's the next health epidemic for kids."

Some students are open about their vaping habits, sharing Youtube videos about how to do tricks, like blowing rings and "ghosting," slang for exhaling a plume of vapor and quickly drawing it back into the mouth. In some videos, students as young as 13 share tips for concealing Juuls and other vaporizers in the sleeves of their hoodies so they can be used in school hallways and in hollowed-out markers to carry them in their backpacks without getting caught.

"You get super buzzed off of it," said Kyler, a teenager who posted a video about getting suspended for having a Juul.

Juul Products Contain Nicotine

E-cigarettes and other vaping products, like Juuls, are pitched as alternatives to traditional cigarettes for adults who want to kick the habit. But health experts and anti-smoking groups say they've quickly grown a secondary market among minors attracted to the novelty and flavors like mango, caramel candy, and gummi bear.

"It is crucial that the progress made in reducing conventional cigarette smoking among youth and young adults not be compromised by the initiation and use of e-cigarettes," said a 2016 U.S. Surgeon General's report.

Vaping can quickly lead to nicotine addiction, the report warned, which may lead some teens to start smoking traditional cigarettes.

In 2017, 5.4 percent of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders reported smoking a cigarette in the last 30 days, according to Monitoring the Future, a nationally representative student survey administered by the University of Michigan. Twelve percent of those students reported vaping in that time frame.

Youth health advocates have long pushed for tighter regulations on the sales and marketing of e-cigarettes. In March, a group of seven public health and medical groups sued the U.S. Food and Drug Administration over a delay in implementing such regulations.

As that debate raged in recent years, new products emerged, like Juul, which currently makes up about 60 percent of e-cigarette sales tracked by Nielsen data.

The device, smaller and more discreet than its competitors, has attracted new users, some principals say. An April survey by the Truth Initiative, which advocates against tobacco use, found that 63 percent of Juul users ages 15-24 were not aware the product "always contains nicotine."

Effects of Vaping

In April, the FDA responded to concerns by announcing an "undercover nationwide blitz to crack down on the sale of e-cigarettes -specifically Juul products-to minors at both brick-and-mortar and online retailers."

The agency also requested data from Juul Labs, the maker of the product, to understand how the product is designed and used and whether its marketing specifically appeals to young people.

"We don't yet fully understand why these products are so popular among youth," Dr. Scott Gottlieb, the FDA commissioner, said in a statement. "But it's imperative that we figure it out, and fast. These documents may help us get there."

Juul Labs responded to those actions by announcing $30 million in prevention efforts targeted to youths, including a push at the state and federal levels to raise the minimum purchase age for all tobacco products to 21.

The San Francisco company also plans to work with Iowa Attorney General Tom Miller, a Democrat, to "develop a transparent and effective framework for independent research focused on the scientific and societal implications of vapor products."

"We want to be a leader in seeking solutions, and are actively engaged with, and listening to, community leaders, educators, and lawmakers on how best to effectively keep young people away from Juul," Juul Labs Chief Administrative Officer Ashley Gould said in a statement.

There's no research about the long-term effects of vaping. While the cartridges used in vaping devices may contain fewer harmful chemicals than traditional cigarettes, some newer models deliver roughly the same amount of nicotine as a cigarette, creating additional concerns, said Dave Dobbins, the chief operating officer of the Truth Initiative. So while vaping may be less dangerous than smoking, it's still harmful, he said.

"Jumping off a 10-story building will kill you, and jumping off a two story building will only hurt you," he said, adding that he wouldn't recommend doing either.

The organization has added vaping to some of its public awareness efforts. "You're not going to hear me say this thing is exactly like a cigarette. It's not," Dobbins said. "But there are a lot of concerns about it."

Educators said they are also concerned that the devices can be used to consume marijuana and that some flavor cartridges don't provide a complete ingredients list, leaving students unsure of what they are inhaling.

"For the longest time, nobody smoked; kids weren't into that anymore," said Brad Seamer, the assistant principal of Harrisburg High School in Harrisburg, S.D. "With the vaping, kids are really into that. It's not a certain kind of kids, it's a cross-section of my school."

Seamer says responding to vaping now takes up most of his time. He's disciplined a student for using a Juul in a classroom. Some parents aren't aware of their own children's habits, he said.

A member of the advocacy committee for the National Association of Secondary School Principals, Seamer led efforts to update the group's position statement on smoking to include information about vaping, calling on schools to update rules and prevention efforts.

Why Vaping Is Hard to Detect in Schools

Thompson, the Connecticut principal, said vaping is more discreet than smoking because the vapor leaves less of a trail and the smells are harder to detect. He realized the extent of the problem a few months ago, when he sought to crack down on extended bathroom breaks students were taking.

The school shut down some bathrooms and tracked students' use of others. In talking to students, Thompson discovered they were experimenting with the products in the school's facilities and that some considered themselves addicted.

The 900-student school has disciplined about 40 students for vaping this year, Thompson said, issuing in-school suspensions as a consequence, which is the same punishment it uses for smoking.

Thompson recently supplemented that discipline with cessation and counseling efforts to help students quit and to make them aware of potential hazards. He's also invited community health groups to the school to do presentations for teachers, parents, and students about vaping and nicotine use.

Thompson likened students' vaping to concerns about social media and cyberbullying that emerged about a decade ago. It took a while for adults to notice the problem, but now they are taking it seriously, he said.

"When you're dealing with teenagers, they're way ahead of the curve."

Published in Print: May 8, 2018, as Schools to Play Catch Up To Rise in Student Vaping

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'Juuling' Craze: Schools Scramble to Deal With Student Vaping

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After years of aggressive anti-tobacco campaigns aimed at teenagers, students have largely rejected smoking, but many have tried vaping, sending school leaders scrambling to revise discipline policies and drug prevention classes to confront the new trend of inhaling flavor-infused nicotine vapor.

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