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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed? The main voices and positions being expressed within this film are that of Carl - the elderly gentleman - and Russell, the young scout. Whilst both are taken into account, one of the main purposes of Carl as a character is to juxtapose against the youthfulness of Russell.
2. Whose voices and opinions are not being expressed? The voices and opinions of both of the main characters are expressed. A voice/opinion that is dormant within the film are those of Russell's parental figures; the absence of which aids in highlighting Russell and his childlike innocence as the driving voice of the story (as compared with that of Carl).
3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child/young person? This artefact highlights, most prominently, the sense of excitedness and freedom felt by children, and the creativity of feeling like there are no limits to life, and what you can do with it; before aging into an "adult", and losing that sense of wonder.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The voice and position of Princess Buttercup and Westley, her true love, are depicted while they attempt to escape her kidnappers, and Prince Humperdinck's plan to kill her. The novel expresses how devastated Buttercup when she believed that Westley was dead. When Prince Humperdinck wanted to marry her and make her Queen because she was beautiful, her sudden position changed from commoner to Queen. This showcased how depressed she was about her true love's death. Her kidnappers, 2 of which turn into her friends, also have a voice and position in the novel and show how one gets revenge for his fathers death while the other is happy to finally have friends. Prince Humperdinck's voice is not as clearly shown, however, his evil plans are voiced.

2. Whose voices and positions are not being expressed?
A voice and position not expressed is the families of the main characters. Buttercup's family does not deny Prince Humperdinck from marrying their daughter, but this is the only position we see from them.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or a young person?
This artefact moulds the ideas of how a child can turn a simple love story into a grand adventure with their imagination (as seen in the movie adaption of the novel). Some children view true love as a real topic that will happen to them one day, while others are repulsed at the idea of love. The Princess Bride can mould a child's view on relationships, love and the journey some take for love.

4. If it's a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The author wants us to know that the world in The Princess Bride is imaginative, but expansive. The setting of Guilder is filled with immense cliffs, plains of grass, coasts and a sea filled with 'scary' creatures. The people in it are seen as humorous despite the situations they find themselves in.

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1. The adults and teenagers (parents, aunts, uncles, cousins, siblings) in the McCalister family express their voices and opinions on Kevin (main character) throughout the film. This movie shows the audience how Kevin feels rejected and lonely, despite having a big family.
2. Kevin's voice and position isn't heard in this film until he becomes involved in an incident and gets punished as a result. Due to the minimal interaction between those around him, Kevin holds resent against his family.
3. This artefact highlights the feeling of wanting to be heard as a child, as explained above. Also, it takes adults back to being a child, and having fears of being home alone and the unknown.

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Artefact: Where the Wild Things Are, Children's Book

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Artefact: Where the Wild Things Are, Children's Book

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
Max, the main character's voice and position is being expressed throughout this book. It examines the childhood of this young boy as he navigates realizing he can't be 'wild' at all times. He is able to fully realize by becoming King of the wild things that life is not always about running wild and that there are things that must get done
2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
Max's mum's voice is heard at the beginning of the book but is not expressed explicitly throughout. There is a limited showcase of adult involvement, and instead, it is through himself that he realizes that he can't run 'wild' all the time.
3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
this artefact moulds the idea that children need a sense of excitedness in life, and that they are allowed to run wild and have fun, but with the guidance of adults, are able to learn when things need to get done.
4. If it’s a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
the writer wants us to see the 'wild' attitude brought to life as an island, and we are able to see that through guidance from adults, children are able to get things done and not be completely destructive, however, it does sometimes take the child themselves to realise that they need to do this.

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1. The readers are let into the creative minds of children as the book explores the wonders of a child's imagination. The book communicates that there are many ways to be smart, and everyone is smart/special in their own way. It also communicates that being smart is not just getting good grades, it encourages kids to use their imagination and have confidence in their ability no matter what a test result says. Each child is individual and unique, and this story book does a brilliant job at communicating this to the reader.
2. The voices of adults are not particularly heard in this book. I believe the intention behind this lack of adult input is to remove any sense of expectation placed on a child to perform daily. This book encourages kids to be smart at whatever they love and enjoy, not to be discouraged by the things that they are not wired to do.
3. This artefact includes a range of different stimuli for the children, with engaging and imaginative pictures all throughout the book. This book communicates that children are too young to be doubting their abilities due to expectations put on them by authoritative figures to perform. Instead, it encourages imagination and creativity. The book communicates that this is what it means to be a child; to let your mind run free and to eliminate comparison between peers.
4. The author wants readers to see that children should be allowed to believe in an alternate world, where performing for good grades is out of the equation. It communicates that children have the ability to thrive if only they were allowed to explore what they love and are naturally gifted in.

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Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
Mister Maker is a tv network crafter. Alongside his co-stars, Wobbly Clown (clock) and Shapes, they entertain their young audiences by interacting with viewers whilst creating easy homemade art projects for all to make.

Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
The voices of parents and their opinions on safety of the crafting tools being used and also the accessibility of crafting materials in accordance of money supply. Although Mister Maker is a family friendly show and one especially for creative minds, there are not enough voiced opinions expressed.

How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
Being a child means having a sense of freedom and fun in life. As a child, we should all have the privilege of engaging with other young people on playgrounds, in kindergarten or even in the neighbourhood. Mister Maker assists in doing just that, as the show was developed to engage young viewers in creating art pieces that express their mind and that build's a strong foundation in creative thinking.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The two siblings, Charlie and Lola's, voices and positions are being expressed throughout this show. It examines the childhood of these two characters as they complete daily activities building a routine. It highlights the caring and thoughtful sibling bond as they navigate through childhood's challenges.
2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
The voices and positions of parents/adults are not being expressed within this artefact. There is limited sense of adult governing or responsibility from parents, instead displaying the importance of older siblings as driving forces of good behaviour.
3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child/young person?
This artefact highlights the innocence and excitingness of being a child. It normalises and bonds viewers and the characters over having similar interests and activities. 'Charlie and Lola' also emphasises the difference between individuals, as Charlie is characterised as mature and quiet, whereas Lola is outgoing and creative.
4. What does the creator want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The creator wants viewers to perceive the world as a fun and big place which is open for exploring and learning. They illustrate the innocence of a child and how through ageing individuals become a mature character who will blend into society.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
William Hanna and Joseph Barbera created such amazing animated humour media that not only attracts children but also adults. Tom and Jerry's voices and mainly positions being expressed really drags the audience's enagagement. Their bitter sweet rivalry usually depicts the relationship between younger siblings. Their tiny daily adventures help children to explore their minds.

2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
The voices and positions not being expressed are of the humans, as they are not shown completely. By this, audiences want to see something that is being showed incompletely even more.
Audiences do not get to see any sort of control being possessed by elders which is very necessary for children. Without this, they tend to believe that they can do whatever they can without anyone stopping them.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
Tom and jerry are always seen fighting with each other, for each other. The bittersweet moments of Tom and Jerry teaches children that life is meaningless without sharing fun and laughter with each other. This cartoon molds imaginations of the young and encourages them to always have fun. The most important part of the cartoon is where the characters don't speak, yet entertain children's ideas into thinking that communication does not always have to be spoken, but can also be body language and expressions.

4. If it’s a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The author Fred Quimby and Kelly Jarvis wants children to know and understand their feelings and to know how and when they can express them. They also want children to know that freedom is very important and what kind of friends we surround ourselves with. It represents the relationships between friends and also siblings which can be such amazing.

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1.
The voices being expressed in this book are those of August (Auggie) Pullman (a boy whose face is extraordinary), his sister, his sister's boyfriend, and some of Auggie's classmates. The chapters start off with Auggies perspective and the jump between the others.

2.
The voices and positions that are not being portrayed are those of the adults and teachers from the school he is attending. This book is about the perspective of a boy who is scared of being different.

3.
This book tells a story about the difficulty children and young people are facing with the pressure of trying to fit in and not stand out for the fear of being judged or picked on.

4.
The author wants the readers to know that no matter what you look like, no matter where you are from be yourself. People are not made to be identical and it is okay to stand out. Our uniqueness is what makes us special. The author uses this quote which I think sums it up perfectly: You can't blend in when you were born to stand out.

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Artefact - Childrens book (Possum Magic)

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Artefact - Childrens book (Possum Magic)

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1.     Whose voices and positions are being expressed?

Mem Fox’s positions are being expressed by Hush and her Grandma Poss. They are possums living in the Australian outback.

2.     Whose voices and positions are NOT expressed?

The book doesn’t portray Hush’s parents voices throughout the book. Though Hush’s grandmother seems a surrogate parental figure in their lives.

3.     How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/ or young person?

Hush is portrayed as purely innocent and playful. Hush is depicted as willing to go along with his Grandmas plans and seems ignorant to the consequences, trusting his grandma has the power to fix anything.

4.     If it’s a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and people in it?

The author is trying to show the children of Australia our amazing and interesting cities and delicious food. The targeted young audience of this book may not know what the world around them holds and the culture behind our food. Fox is trying to introduce them to said world in a positive and happy way they can understand and enjoy.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
Don Freeman's positions are being expressed throughout the book through the narration of the characters. The positions of the daughter, mother, guard and Corduroy are portrayed.

2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
I'm not entirely certain as the book does portray the position of the mother and the daughter. The mother doesn't want her daughter to buy the bear, yet the daughter does.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
The book portrays children to use their imagination with their teddy bear at home, that maybe their teddy bear hops up in the middle of the night and roams around the house.

4. If it’s a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The author shows that while most people only see the cover and will go for shiny new toys, some kindhearted people see past Corduroy's cover, his missing button.

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Hot wheels portrays children's voices and positions in the way that the designs are attractive to the eye of a child and allow their imagination to roam and explore their ideas through this medium.
There are no voices not being portrayed in this as hot wheels as a brand also cater to adult collectors with lifelike models/ pop culture references.
This artefact creates the impression that children are different from adults in the way that although they cannot participate in the driving of life-sized cars and vehicles that they have a secondary form of entertainment that they can use to express their love for cars and racing perhaps. This is backed up by other things such as toy dolls and toy kitchen sets. They imply that to be a child is to want to do adult things, but on a smaller, more imaginative scale.

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1. this artefact portrays society's voice showing children to be innocent and to have a love of playing and bright innocent colours. it also voices the children

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2.  the artefact fails to portray the position that children need guidance to grow or that adulthood requires secrets.

3. this artefact makes it clear that being a child is about freedom, creativity and story telling.

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1. The voices being expressed in this book are of the narrator, as they position the child as an individual about to embark on a journey into life. It describes life to be filled with endless possibilities of choice and adventure. It introduces concepts of what life is, and what the reader can expect; good and bad, successes and failures, meeting people who are different. It is intended to encourage children, give them confidence in their ability to succeed, and reassurance that if they don't it will still be okay. It promotes ambition and kindness toward others and themselves.

2. The voices and positions of parents or guardians are not present, as it describes the children as they will grow up and navigate the world without them.

3. This book molds the idea that children will eventually grow out of childhood into adulthood where they will try new things, dream big, face fears, and experience the totality of life. It defines childhood as a transitional phase that must be inevitably moved through into adolescence and adulthood.

4. The author wants the readers to know that they can find their place in a world full of possibilities, that children have the opportunity to achieve their dreams and make their own choices to live a life they enjoy while also encountering challenges they may not expect.

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1. The voices and positions that are being expressed through out this show is the voice of two young girls expressed through cartoon dogs who are constantly facing minor obstacles and challenges as children. On top of this their parents act as role models and guide them through the challenges.
2.  Parents and children's voices are not being expressed in a negative context. On top of this there is a lack of male input throughout these episodes as the father is really the only male voice depicted throughout.
3. This show molds the idea that children will indeed face obstacles and challenges through out their childhood. It represents the real meaning of being a child and allows children to be exposed to real world concepts and to to be shadowed from challenges or hard situations they face, rather giving them helpful tools to attempt the challenge and deal with the consequences of their own actions.
4. The author wants us to know that it is okay to not have a suitable answer for every situation and to be okay with that. They also want us to know that being a child is not only about fun and games but also responsibilities and the challenges that come with it.

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1. The artefact of this game suggest that a child's developmental skills and motor/ cognition ablilities are being expressed.
2. The position of the child's sense of imagination and creativity is not being expressed as there is a right and wrong sequence to complete the game. The target audience for this game is young children.
3. This artefact moulds our minds to think simplistically about the correct combination to complete the game.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
Societies and Government's voices and positions are being expressed as parents are 'meant' to love their children a lot and express it to their children just as children are 'meant' to love their parents a lot.

2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
Parent's, Children and youth's voices and positions are not being expressed as some parents simply do not express their love for their children in obvious ways as portrayed in this children's book. Some parents do not love their children as much as society thinks they should and this could be for many reasons just as youth and children may not love their parents. It all depends on experiences and circumstances people are subject to.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
This artefact moulds the idea that to be a child and/or young person you are to be loved by your parents, protected by your parents, cared for by your parents and you should reciprocate the love you receive from your parents in anyway you can even if it be only by saying "I love you". It also moulds the idea that children are playful and competitive as the bunny in the book constantly tries to outplay the parent rabbit.

4. What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The author seems to portray that your parents will always love you and they try to show that you should show your appreciation for people that you love and have fun with them/enjoy your time with them.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The voices being expressed are those of a little girl named Dora and her friend, who is a monkey, named Boots.
2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
The voices not being expressed are those of a parental and adult role as there are no strong adults prevalent in majority of episodes. Dora is a young girl who ultimately, travels on dangerous adventures alone without allowance from a higher figure.
3. How does this artefact mould our ideas
about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
This molds young children's ideas as it encourages them to continue to believe and engage in their wild imagination and discover the world through exploration. However, it also teaches them the danger of the world as Dora faces many challenges along the way and many times has to defend herself, against a mean wolf named "swiper". This idea of danger and evil in the world broken down into a fun and dramatized version of an adventure.

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1. The children's book 'Doctor Dog' portrays Doctor Dog and the Gumboyle family. The book represents the family as unable to survive without the advice of their doctor.

2. The voice and opinions of the family are rarely brought up throughout the book, with only their wrongdoings being addressed.

3. The artefact moulds our ideas of what it means to be a young person through portraying the youthful members of the family as immature and in need of guidance.

4.  The author of 'Doctor Dog' wants us to understand that guidance is needed for the youth to succeed/stay safe, with the family constantly informed about the remedies to their sicknesses, overall keeping the family healthy.

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Youth artefact - Double Helix Science Magazine

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Youth artefact - Double Helix Science Magazine

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The voices and positions being expressed include research scientists and the youth that read the magazine. There are different sections of the magazine that include information from the scientists and reviews from youth.
2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
Voices and positions that are not being expressed in the magazine include parents and teachers. Despite there being no voice of a parent or teacher, this magazine is still a good source of information for curious children.
3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
This artefact conveys the idea that young people are curious and inquisitive and have questions about how things work in a scientific setting.
4. If it’s a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The author wants us to know that the world is full of interesting and unique things and that the people in it, mainly it’s young audience, are curious about the different aspects of science which this text breaks down to more simple terms that can be understood by children.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The main voice conveyed in the film is the protagonist, Charlie, who wins a tour through the most magnificent chocolate factory in the world. This teaches children that imagination is important, to work hard with what you've got and it's okay to dream big. The film severs the boundaries restricting the poor from ascending the British social ladder and proves that honesty and dignity will eventually be our greatest assets.

2. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The wealthy and the poor voices are being expressed. However, the wealthy are portrayed in a negative light, thought to be selfish, rude, and greedy. It shows the physical embodiment of the difference between poverty and wealth.

3. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
the film shows the two economic extremes: the wealthy and the poor. However, it does not represent those in the middle class. Despite this, it is a wildly popular film for all groups.

4. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
This film emphasizes the idea of dreaming big and imagination. One of the main themes is the power of "pure imagination." Willy Wonka, the factory owner, even sings this at the beginning of the tour. Wonka's world is filled with miraculous inventions, like a chocolate river, which gives children a sense of what is possible in the world - all one must do is imagine. Imagination helps the audience see the miraculous and bring it forth, giving a sense of freedom. This film also moulds our idea that children should be hardworking and honest while criticising those who are selfish, rude and greedy, condemning spoilt parenting.

If it's a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
This film is an adaptation of Roald Dahl's novel. He wants the audience to know that there are good people (those who are hardworking and honest) and bad people (those who are selfish, rude and greedy) in the world and that good children are rewarded while bad children are punished. Though not all poor families are honest and not all wealthy families are greedy, Dahl uses these two social classes to represent this.

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Youth Artefact - Adventure Time (TV Show)

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Youth Artefact - Adventure Time (TV Show)

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?

Adventure time represents childhood in this make belief world in which the youth run young and free doing crazy missions.

2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?

We do not get to see any ways in which the protagonists are stopped or controlled through parents or schooling.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?

This artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a young person through allowing the youth to understand that they do need to explore not only themselves but also the outside world and also to welcome change to facilitate growth.

4. If it’s a text, what does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?

The author wants us to know that there is both good and evil in the world but people do change and you need to accept them from growing as a person.

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1. Whose voices are positions are being expressed?
'The very hungry caterpillar' expressed the voice of maintaining a healthy eating habit in daily life.  It is the voice expressed by the author. As he used personification to describe caterpillar from eating healthy food and turning into a beautiful butterfly to further educate children to take care of their health-wellbeing.

2. Whose voices and positions are not being expressed?
The children's voices are not being expressed.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/ or young person?
The author encourages children to stay healthy as she mentioned the variety of healthy and unhealthy food in the book.

4. What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The author wants us to stay healthy and stay away from junk food.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The MyScene dolls represent the voices of young teenager/tweenager girls who are coming into their own. They push a (somewhat stereotypical) look at what life may be like when the target audience for the dolls (the 7-12 age demographic) grow up and start being able to exist and participate in different outlets that age and the freedom of maturity have to offer (such as going out clubbing, shopping sprees afforded by working a job, vacationing with friends, wearing certain clothes, etc). The MyScene dolls express to their audience a safe, accessible, age-appropriate version of the future that they can still access while in their youth. Playing with these dolls and being able to self-express, then, allows young girls to imagine what their life may be like in a few years, and exercise what they wish to do in their life (clubbing, vacationing, etc) through the dolls.
2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
As this is a toy-line aimed primarily at girls, there is a lack of male voices and positions expressed. The boys that are present within the toy-line, however, are treated like another facet of adulthood - having a partner. The boy dolls are described on backs of boxes and in mini animated episodes as being boyfriends and friends of the girl dolls, however they have little to do other than this (such as with Ken in the related Barbie franchise).
3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
I believe this artefact is a response to the natural youth instinct to question what one's future may be like in a bid to grow up quickly and experience more freedoms than one is afforded when they are younger. This artefact also speaks to society's views of a 'rebellious' youth. Let's compare MyScene to Barbie (their sister brand) for a second. If Barbie, aimed at a childhood/younger market, is representative of childhood 'innocence', MyScene dolls speak to society's idea of youth rebellion and the urge to grow up, with their clubbing outfits, lavish lifestyles, and (in the case of the 'My Bling Bling' line of dolls) belly button piercings.

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1. The Mr. Men and Little Miss series expresses different people with different names, which indicate a strong personality trait that they posses. Its main target audience is young, primary school children and it invites them to take up a position on learning a wide variety of different personality traits and why everyone is different but equal/friends.
2. This book would not be influential for older children as many children have develop a knowledge of different features and traits each person has.
3. This artefact molds the idea that being a young child heavily relies on exploring the world of themselves and others. It shows that like-minded people can live in a world where each person has different personality traits.
4. The author is trying to convey that everyone in the world is different and posses unique personalities however each and every person along all storylines throughout the storyline cam get along and if a conflict arises, they are able to resolve it.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?

The children's book portrays two main male characters (Sam I am and the narrator) who are being expressed in this children's story. Whilst one is represented as a stubborn 'grumpy' individual who is not open to trying new things or have a liking for the food, the other character is a  'pushy' and persistent person who is trying to encourage the narrator to try new things.

2.Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?

Female individuals are not expressed in this particular children's book as well as minor characters such as the mouse and the fox.

3.How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?

The book illustrates the idea of building friendships and relationships with peers and discusses the concept of sharing between different people. The book is additionally illustrated with a bold array of colours that portray the creative and imaginative world of the child's mind as such.

4.What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
Dr Seuss focusses significantly on concerns for relationships and how different people's personalities alter the formation of new relationships. The author demonstrates how experiencing new or adverse things in life is necessary in establishing judgement. Seuss also elaborates on the idea of not to 'judge a book by its cover'- don't make up your mind about something without trying it first.

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1. The belief that childhood is a time for exploration and problem-solving is being expressed through the toy. This toy perhaps also gives children the opportunity to learn autonomy and further develop their motor skills as well as providing the option of being individual, or, collaborative play. This emphasises the underlying belief that childhood is a time of development and growth.
2. This toy lacks interpersonal opportunities and may also suppress those who struggle with hindsight/hypotheses. For example, younger children find it difficult to be able to infer what the connected pipes would create without actually having to connect them. In saying this, these same children may also not have fully developed motor skills and therefore are not likely to enjoy playing with this toy.
3. This artefact has bright colours and is a highly interactive toy. This enforces the idea of childhood being a time of curiosity, discovery and excitement.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?

This Centurion Rubber Duck suggests that childhood is a time of fun and play. Despite being dressed as a Roman Centurion - an image associated with 'adult' topics such as war and bloodshed - the rubber duck has a warm and friendly look, which suggests childhood is a time of innocence and peace, and children should not be burden with the harshness of reality. Everything should be made fun and safe for them. This position is representative of the social belief that children are innocent and should be protected from the hard realities of the 'adult' world.

2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?

In the interpretation, the voice of children are not being expressed. Children are not being able to determine for themselves how Roman Centurions and their associated images of war and bloodshed should be represented to them.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?

As previously mentioned, this Roman Centurion Rubber Duck molds our ideas around what it means to be a child/young person by being representative of the belief that harsh 'adult' realities need to be presented to children in a fun and safe way. It essentially tells us that children are too innocent and incapable of handling these harsh realities.

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1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
Andy Griffiths and Terry Denton's voices and positions are being expressed as they are the author and illustrator of the children's novel.

2. Whose voices and positions are not being expressed?
The novel seems to be positioned from a male perspective. Therefore, there is a lack of female voices and positions being expressed. Although the novel is appealing for boys, the popularity of the novel is mainstreamed into both female and male children's literature.

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
This artefact moulds our ideas about being a child and/or young person as it is an imaginative novel that makes reading fun and easy with simple concepts and pictures relating to the content.

4. What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
The author wants the children to know that the world is full of creativity and fun by having characters in the novel that excite the children's imagination.

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The movie tells about a generation of families that ban music for life! It all started when Hector (Miguel’s great-great-grandfather, Coco’s father) left his family for his love of music. He left them to pursue his dream of becoming a musician. Imelda (Hector’s wife, Coco’s mother) was devastated and did not want to mourn his departure, then started making shoes until it became a legacy.

1. Whose voices and positions are being expressed?

The voices and positions were expressed by Miguel, who wanted to play music, but his family was not accepting of his dreams, and Miguel worked to find a way to get them to listen and understand.

2. Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?

Imelda and Coco are voices and positions not being expressed. However, at the ending, the ways they forgive Hector, they want to deliver the message that It’s never too late to forget and let all the heartaches go. It can be so challenging to do it. Remembering the wrongdoings of people and how they hurt you can be disheartening but holding a grudge is a waste of energy and time. Forgive and let go, or you will be imprisoned in a world full of hatred, rage, and resentment. It is only you and no one’s responsibility to free you from them

3. How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and young person?

Throughout the movie, Miguel’s love for music is known to his family, and they criticise and stop him from pursuing his dream of being a MUSICIAN! When his grandmother destroyed the guitar, Miguel chose to leave home and follow his dream. The readers can understand limitless and right to perusal somethings in the young life of the main character. He is natural and innocent, talented but living in his family ‘s government.

4.What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?

The author wants us to know about the world is that nothing is more important than family because family is Everything. Especially, never lose your principles while following your dreams. Lastly, don’t judge someone by their appearance and position in life.

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1.Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
Parents voices. The author is a parent, so the book includes her positions on what it means to be a good child/friend.

2.Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
Children who aren't interested in fairies and dancing may not feel represented by this book. That does not mean that the messages do not apply to them.

3.How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
The book and subsequent series encourage imagination (believing in fairies and goblins) in children and being a good friend to others.

4.What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
Through the story, the author wants us to know that when a problem arises (CD player at the dance concert is broken by a goblin), working as a team (helping the music fairy find and take back her magic bag) is the best way to solve it (music fairy enchants instruments to make music in time for the concert).

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Artefact - To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

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Artefact - To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

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1.Whose voices and positions are being expressed?

The voices and positions being expressed by the author, Harper Lee, in this novel are through the characterisation of the narrator, Scout. Scout’s lack of knowledge and experience as a young girl enables the readers to create their own understanding of significant events and themes portrayed throughout the “coming of age” premise.

2.Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?

The important theme emphasised throughout the storyline of racial prejudice is narrated from a “white” perspective, therefore the voices and positions of those of colour are limited. The degree to which Scout is reliable as a narrator is important to understand because of what it conveys about both the value and limitations of attempting to account for interracial empathy.

3.How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?

Throughout the novel, the reader simultaneously understands the limitations to Scout's perspective and begins to observe it expand as the story progresses. This book allows the reader to understand that children and/or young people are naive and inexperienced, therefore being a symbol of innocence.

4.What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?

A significant theme in To Kill a Mockingbird is “good vs evil”, and Harper Lee conveys the idea of good and evil through the perspective of innocence highlighted by Scout and Jem. Their naivety and innocence results in them being oblivious to the “evil” side. However, throughout the course of the novel they come to understand the impact of “evil” amongst the “good”. Furthermore, the ‘mockingbird’ becomes a representation of innocence which is destroyed by evil. Thus, in order to kill a mockingbird, innocence has to be destroyed. Therefore, the theme of good vs evil is portrayed by the author to inform the reader that amongst all the “bad” people in the world, there is alway some doing good.

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Artefact - Peppa Pig (Children's tv show)

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Artefact - Peppa Pig (Children's tv show)

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1. The main voice that is being expressed in this show are the voices of kindergarten-aged children (through animal characters). The episodes tend to feature everyday activities of the children in the targeted age group, also situations and emotions that this particular age group of children will encounter.

2. The show revolves around the titular character (Peppa) and her family and friends, which ensure that parents and other adults in different occupations' voices are expressed. The show also put in adult's perspective by having a narrator reinforces the action and humour, saying things like "Oh, dear" when something unfortunate happens or "Look out!" when a character is doing something unsafe. By doing so, the show portrayed the different points of view of an adult and child on various emotions and actions.

3. The show emphasises and dramatised the daily activity and emotions that are ordinary to help children understand their behaviours and emotions. For example, the characters blush when embarrassed, and their mouths express other emotions such as sadness, happiness, irritation, bewilderment, and confusion.

4. The author wants children to know their feelings and what the feelings mean, and display appropriate methods to handle these feelings. On the other hand, the author wants the adults to understand that children's way of feeling the world, which is that what an adult's normal feeling could be strange to children.

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1. Play School allows children engage with the presenters on the show. Completing activities, dancing and singing songs, encouraging, self-expression, creativity and imagination. The presenters engaging and presenting in a way that is aimed at children.

2. Although the presenters on the show are adults, they rarely express themselves in a way that is aimed at adults.

3. The artefact moulds the idea of creativity and individuality within children. Through art and craft activities and role playing with toys, the show allows children to be creative.

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1. The main voices conveyed in the text are of the main protagonist Alice, a young girl entering the confusing transition period of adolescence. 3.  This cover and the overall theme of the text has a large focus on the theme of growing up and Alice's struggles with her own body and identity as she enters adulthood, symbolised by her constant changes in size from large to small and the effect that has on her disposition. 4. In brief terms the author wants us to know that this period of a young girls life can be extremely confusing as her mind and body are rapidly changing and she has to learn how to survive in a world full of confusing rules that seem to make sense to everyone besides herself. This is indicative of how a child may view the way adults conduct themselves in the real world both now and in the authors time.

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1. The main voices that are being expressed in this TV show are the voices of school aged children (through animal characters) that are modelling age appropriate problem solving skills. Throughout the episodes, many situations occur that are common for the particular age group of viewers (primary age children) and the situations are solved accordingly through the voices of the young characters.

2. This show contains an array of characters, including parents, adults and educators. This ensures that many voices are expressed. However, adult perspectives are expressed much less than children's perspective throughout the show.

3. This artefact moulds our ideas about what it means to be a child through the way in which the situations are portrayed and how the situations are solved. For example, some situations are often dramatised in the show to show monsters or dark themes, showing that seemingly small issues can be seen as quite daunting and scary to children.

4. The author wants children to know that they're not alone with certain problems that they experience, and they also want to display appropriate ways to solve these issues (e.g. bullying, having fears, etc). The author wants adults to see certain problems from a child's perspective, to show the importance an issue can have to a child even if it may seem inferior when viewing it as an adult.

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Artefact (Barbie AKA Barbara Millicent Roberts)

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Artefact (Barbie AKA Barbara Millicent Roberts)

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1. The Barbie Doll encourages individuals to express creativity, imagination, self-expression and play.

2. The Doll's target audience is 3+, so children in a younger age bracket may not be able to play with this toy. Furthermore, it is worth noting that although the doll can be bought by anyone of any age or gender, society still possesses the idea that there are "girls" toys and "boys" toys, and that unfortunately miss Barbra is classified as a "girls" toy. Therefore it is safe to assume that the voices/positions of boys/the male gender are not being expressed as loudly as Barbie's female consumer.

3. The artefact moulds the idea that individuals can do anything they can dream of. Originally, the message of Barbie was that women have choices, however nowadays it tells kids that any career, position or hobby is possible regardless of your gender, race/ethnicity or class and that children have limitless potential.

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1. The main voice and expression are expressed through ben, a young boy who has to live up to the expectations and the responsibilities pushed onto him.
2. the voices and positions of adults are rarely brought up in the show
3. The artefact moulds the idea that even young kids are able to live up to and exceed expectations or responsibilities including those that weren't wanted in the first place. This isnt too dissimilar to the 'capable' child where they are able to have agency in their own lives and important actions.

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1. A child's individual imagination and creativity is being expressed through the construction and play-time with the lego bricks and/or bought sets. By engaging in an individual or collaborative sense, both an educational view of construction and creative view of play is incorporated to be able to create something that can expressive a child in a nonverbal and verbal way.

2. As Lego is a middle class toy, children of all ages and economy structures have access to the toy, therefore no child is being suppressed. However, children who are limited to this resource may miss out of the expansion of their imaginations.

3. The idea of Lego being 'a toy' moulds the idea that construction and imaginative, controlled play is suitable for children/young people. However, as observed within our modern society, this barrier no longer exists due to the continued 'norm' that Lego is appropriate for all age groups (including adults). Yet Lego sets specifically designs for children (primary school age based) can create a stereotype of what type of 'category' children are based in (e.g Lego City sets = boys and Lego Friends set = girls). Any of these sets can also demonstrate what a child is meant to be able to do in their day-to-day lives when that is not necessarily the case.

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1. The show is expressing children's voices - it centers around young people (dinosaurs) and directly follows them growing up and experiencing the world. Parents are also shown frequently and their voices are being expressed as well.
2. The show is targeted towards younger children and does not show much of a progression as older teenagers.
3. The show very much emphasizes the idea of children as innocent and needing protection. Much of the children's time is spent exploring and discovering the world for the first time. Through the stories,  the concept of both Froebel's playful and growing child and Montessori's sensory but capable child are explored.
4. I believe the author highlights the normalized characterisation of both childhood as innocence and youth as a time for resistance. The kids are seen as both innocent and needing shielding from danger however, they also feel the need to explore and rebel against their parents and go out into danger to explore on their own.

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1. The main voice and position being expressed is that of Dora, a young girl who is adventuring, exploring, and helping others. She has very positive speech and problem-solving.
2. Dora's parents minimally feature in the show and their voices / opinions are rarely included.
3. This artefact really supports the idea of an inquisitive and explorative child. It aligns with Froebel's view of the playful, innocent child, that does sometimes need guidance and help from other (e.g., Dora asks the audience for help). She is seen to be free to learn, embark on her own journeys and help others.
4. The author may want us to know that children need to be free to explore their surroundings and do activities to improve and develop their problem solving skills.

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1. The main voice and position being expressed in this book is that of the character Little Kiwi, who effectively takes on the role of an older brother in the book.

2. While their aims are clear due to context clues, neither the parents of Little Kiwi nor of his younger sibling in the egg are expressed for much of the book. Additionally, there are no major characters outside of the family.

3. This artefact moulds our ideas about what it means to be a child by exploring relationships between children and other important figures in their lives – in this case family – in a manner that is easily understandable and enjoyable for a child.

4. The author (Bob Darroch) wants us to know that caring relationships between siblings are important, as are taking steps to try and make right any mistakes someone makes.

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1. This book portrays a father looking for his son. The voices and positions portrays are children (up to the age of four) and their parents. It is an engaging book where they can be involved and play "hide and seek" by lifting the flaps. It is also relatively affordable so could be accessible to all families/parents/guardians to obtain for the child.
2. Where's Spot? does not included the voices and positions of children younger than one or older than four. It would not be engaging enough for older audiences and babies are not able to actively get involved in the book. It also may be confusing or upsetting to read by children who do not have a traditional nuclear family or a father (e.g. children who are in foster care, a parent has passed away, etc. are not portrayed and might not want to choose to read this book).
3. This artefact mould's our ideas about what it means to be a child as it symbolizes innocence, silliness, fun and lightheartedness. It is family orientated as it is includes Spot's father and their friends or extended family. Although, it is very traditional in the sense of family. The Spot books consist of Spot (the child), Dad and Mum.
4. The author wants us to help our children learn by the use of simple language, animals and the engaging activity (flaps). They also want the book to be simple yet fun. Not too complex for a young child. It also does not draw on any "serious" issues. It is true "innocence." All the additional characters are playing and engaging with Spot, which the author might want us to value family, togetherness and play.

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1. The voices being expressed in this film is that of Opal; a lonely young girl in a new town, who mistakenly claims a lost dog as her own; Winn-Dixie, the same name as the supermarket she found him in. It represents her inability to understand why her preacher father withholds the information as to why her mother left when she was young; knowing such reasons would cause her pain. With the help of Winn-Dixie, she makes friends with other kids at her church and old people smart and wise; and learns a lesson that you cannot hold on to people who do not want to be held on to.

2. The voices not being expressed in this film are that of Opal’s preacher father; the reasoning behind his reluctance to voice why her mother left when she was three are not revealed until the very end; during the time where Opal began to resent her father before she came to later understand his reasonings; that her mother could not remain married to a preacher; and rather than stay in contact with Opal, she left entirely. The preacher’s voice was not expressed and as a result; his protection of Opal’s perception of her mother is not valued.

3. This artefact moulds our idea that to be a child is to somewhat be shielded or protected from information that may potentially cause us pain. That we must be protected from such knowledge before we are deemed to be at an age where we can truly comprehend such situations and the reasoning of why things occur.

4. The author wants us to know that even in the most loneliness of times; one person or animal like Winn-Dixie can bring light to our lives. The author wants us to also know that there are so many people in the world that want to be held on to.

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1. 1.Whose voices and positions are being expressed?
The voices being children and youth are being expressed in this picture. Both male and female  can participate in this experience

2.Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?
Low social economic children and youth . People of colour  are also not being expressed.

3.How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?
That children are into technology and prefer to pay either by themselves or with otheres via technology instead of being outdoors and active.

4.What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?
If you are a child or a young person gaming is for you and your friends. Gaming is an activity that will bring joy to your life.

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1.This book portray the love story of little mermaid. Although the story is told from the little mermaid's perspective,
since the little mermaid gave up  her life for the prince at the end, the position of male seemed to be value more than female.
2.Similar to the first question, the death of little mermaid can imply the position of female is less expressed.
3. It could possibly give an idea that women always scarify for man. But it can also be interpreted that love is bubble and giving all to another person is somewhat unworthy.
4. From my opinion, I think the author want to tell that the world is not always as romantic as we thought, reality can be cruel and sad at the same time.

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1. This book portrays the voice of a young women who has grown up as royalty and who has been taught to act in a specific way that is acceptable of a princess in her society. However, Princess Smartypants rebels against the societal norms by deciding she doesn’t want to marry a prince.

3. The book does portray the complex idea of children not conforming to gender norms. Therefore, this artefact has displayed children/young people as rebellious and stubborn when it comes to being who they truly are, even if society disagrees.

4. If the book is presenting to its audience a world where princes’ are fighting over the hand of a princess, the author is depicting a rather traditional view of the world and its relationships.

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1. Being a child or young person is not worry free like a lot of adults think it is or should be.
2. The pigeons voices and positions are being expressed in the position of a student.
3. The author wants us, but particularly students, to understand that having anxiety is normal and relatable. The author also wants adults and parents to understand that anxiety in children does occur and is common.

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1. The voices being represented in this book cover is those of the animals, specifically the possum directly in the centre of the page. The possum in the image has all the other animals attention and from the front page you can grasp a sense of what the book is going to be about. The fun idea that animals can have stories written about their lives is an incredible representation of children's minds and how free and far from reason they can be.
2. I would say that the voices of adults are not being expressed because typically adults would not be drawn to or interested in the images of animals or the idea that they can perform magic.
3. The image moulds the idea that children can have great imagination. Reading books about things that are not possible as a form of entertainment shows how naïve and open to suggestion children's minds can be. This book cover represents the fun and light heartedness of the way children think.
4. The author of this book I believe is representing Australian animals so the children enjoying the book who are Australian will feel a subtle connection to their country. I also believe that the author has explored the impossibility of fiction.

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1. The perspectives of young children are expressed metaphorically through the many fish in the book, and the perspectives of adults are delivered through the metaphor of the wise octopus.
2. Adolescents' and the youth's voices are not being expressed.
3. The book portrays complex concepts (the value of beauty, the need for happiness, the ability to be selfless) as the simple metaphor of a rainbow fish. This moulds our ideas about what it means to be a child as it suggests that children, like adults, can understand and utilise complex concepts in their early years, so long as they are taught these concepts in simple ways.
4. The author aims to portray important life-lessons through simple text and interesting and colourful images. The use of characters that are simple but engaging visually, to discuss major topics ensures that the messages the author hopes to portray are passed onto their young audience.

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1. The artefact suggests childhood is a time of exploration, a time where motor skills and cognition are challenged and developed.

2. The packaging for this item particularly targets an audience of “ages 2+.”

3. I appreciate the imagery and the representation that toys don’t need to be used for a set purpose (i.e. sorting). It encourages abstract thinking and allows children to create new purposes for the stimuli.

4. The imagery suggests childhood is exciting and explorative. It is a time filled with wonder and stimulus, such as shapes and colors.

5. I believe the item could be used by younger children to develop exposure to shapes, colors, sounds and textures. I also believe the design of the artefact allows it to be used in a collaborative setting whereby adults and children can engage and explore together. It was actually very hard to find an image online where multiple people were engaging with the same artefact.

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1. The voices and positions expressed in the novel Tomorrow When the War Began are young Australian adults, specifically from the point of a young, female Australian who narrates and provides the position of young adults who are faced with making significant decisions and learning to survive without adult guidance.
2. The voices and positions not expressed in this text are that of adults or young children, furthermore this is little insight given into the motivations of the antagonists of the text which in this case is an invading foreign country.
3. The text moulds ideas about how frivolous young adult values can be and the contrast between how youth act when in a safe, stable environment in regards to a turbulent environment that requires independence and critical decision making.
4. The author of this text creates an interesting and insightful depiction of young adults in Australian society especially regional communities, and conveys the portrayal of how the environment and social context of a child's youth and development is significant in their values, expectations and goals for the future. As well as depicting the capabilities of young adults when faced with real-world problems.

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1. The voice being expressed is the portrayal and assumption of a child's desire to experiment, explore and be inquisitive. The image could also possibly express the positions of educators/parents of young children who are still learning to develop their fine motor and cognitive skills and the desire to have these activities within their learning spaces to benefit the children within their care.
2. The voices not expressed within this image is that of 'youth' or 'adolescents' within our society, as well as adults without children or whom do not have strong relationships with children.
3. The arefact moulds our ideas of what it is like to be a child by portraying the idea of play, imagination and construction. It creates a sense of wonder and excitement through the use of colours and the way the objects have been designed and displayed. These emotions can also create a sense of nostalgia within adults.

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1.     The voices being express are the children's need to break from authoritarian parents to explore and go on adventures.

2.     Maybe the parents, being the authority in this show and never finding out what the children are up to we don’t get an understanding of their point of view.

3.     Its artefacts mould the idea of children imagination and need for exploration and want for adventures

The author might want us to understand, that the concept of kids will be kids is true, and that maybe under
strict guidelines it won’t stop children from doing what they want, but only hiding it

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	1. The artefact implicitly voices the position of children through assuming the imaginations that may go on in the minds of young people. This assumption is made given it is children who typically play with the toys featured thus, they would be the ones excited to imagine what they could do. 
	2. People classed as adults voices may not be expressed as stereotypically children are the 'age group' with the wild imagination and ability to become excited over things that aren't realistic.
	3. Given it was decided that the artefact solely shows the position of children it ultimately moulds an idea that what it means to be a child surrounds development and creativity through imagination and making the unrealistic reality in the eyes of children.
It could be thought that the author would want adults to understand the power of imagination and how strong children's creativity is while also encouraging the growing and development of creativity in the children through promoting more use of imagination.

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1.The Scooby Doo comic book series expresses voices of a group of teenagers (youth) who go on crazy adventures and solve mysteries. These books are very engaging for children as it widens their imagination.
2. There aren't any voices or positions that aren't being expressed as Scooby Doo is the comic book loved by all, it is a collectable. I personally know people aged 50 that collect these comics
3. These books mould the idea of children and young people because of how crazy some of the scenarios are. Every young person wanted to be able to solve mysteries and fight villains, but it wasn't possible in the real word. These comics help children create their imaginary world, where they can be whoever and whatever they want to be.
4. I feel as though the author wanted us to know that even though life is full of many obstacles ( like the mysteries in the comics) you can persevere and push through anything you set your mind too, just like the Scooby gang.

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1. The Badger's Bath expresses the voices of the reasoning man (the guardian) and the raccoon as a child hesitant to engage in hygienic practice.
2. No voices have been unrepresented - there are two characters who interact similar to parent and child and both express their views (even the raccoon, despite being an animal).
3. This artefact is aimed at a children audience and encourages good hygiene. The badger refuses to take a bath despite being covered in filth but eventually falls in and ends up enjoying himself. The book moulds our ideas of children to sometimes be reluctant to engage in activities beneficial to them and their health but that we need to guide them into healthy hygiene practices.
4. The author wants us to see that with kindness and reasoning is the best way to teach and nurture young ones whilst preserving a good relationship (instead of forcing someone into something).

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1. Pokemon potrays children's voices and positions beacuse it contains colourful art and texts that are easy and immersive to play with.

2. There are no voices and positions that are not being expressed pokemon can be targeted to all ages as its immersive and playable for all ages

3. Pokemon cards have simple text and beautiful art pictures which can inevitably teach kids at a young age. As well as a child and as a adult everyone loves to be competative and collect collectiables so this is a perfect representation of a fun childhood.

4. Not sure how to answer this question for this type of picture

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1. This book encourages young children to complete activities within it and therefore this book considers young children as it's target audience (hence the "My First" Activity Book title, implying that the person who owns this book is exposed to it for the first time).
2. This book would be disregarded for older children as it is not stimulating for an adolescent/youth mind.
3. An activity book promotes learning as a young child and this particular artefact symbolises a child's first understanding of what an activity book might entail. This is what it means to be a young person, the idea of learning and understanding new concepts.
4. The author might want to inform us of new information in a way that is stimulating and interesting in a child's mind (e.g. as a connect the dot, as a word search, as a spot the difference).

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1. This book portrays young children's voices and positions because it contains the context in an engaging way and designed precisely with the colours and images for their engagement.
2. Older children would be too old for this book, therefore, their voices and positions would not be exposed in this book.
3. This artefact moulds the idea of young children being themselves at their time. This is shown by the minimal written words, vast scheme of colours and images.
4. The author might want us to know that people in the world are at all different ages, capabilities and responsibilities. Therefore, each individual should focus on their time and make the most of it.

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1.
2.
3.
4. The author wants us to know about the geography and globalization of the world.

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1. 1.Whose voices and positions are being expressed?

2.Whose voices and positions are NOT being expressed?

3.How does this artefact mould our ideas about what it means to be a child and/or young person?

4.What does the author want us to know about the world and the people in it?