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The seismic analyses for the CP1 and CP2 Interface Boxes (IBX) and Main Transfer Lines (MTL) are based on the options provided by the ASME B31E-2010 design code.

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Seismic Analysis and Test of Bracings Used in Piping Systems

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Seismic Analysis and Test of Bracings Used in Piping Systems

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The recent earthquake damage has highlighted the importance of performance-based design and functional resilience of nonstructural components.

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Seismic Analysis and Test of Bracings Used in Piping Systems | International Collaboration in Lifeline Earthquake Engineering 2016

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The recent earthquake damage has highlighted the importance of performance-based design and functional resilience of nonstructural components. Directing at seismic bracings used in piping systems, the construction and design procedure of seismic bracings is introduced in present paper at first. The seismic code requirements and relevant seismic research of bracings are also reviewed.

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Pros of analysis of piping system for seismic events

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Pros of analysis of piping system for seismic events

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Piping seismic analysis and design is a critical aspect in piping system engineering. Read the blog to take a look at the benefits of seismic design of piping system for any plant

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Rishabh Engineering Services - Quality Engineering Solutions

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Piping systems are of vital importance to almost all the industries whether it is refinery, oil & gas or any petrochemical plant. The piping systems play a crucial role in transporting raw and refined materials, oil and gas, from one place to another through several components including furnaces, tanks, distillations columns, and pressure vessels.

Benefits of Seismic Analysis of Piping Systems:

Some studies suggest that piping system structures are vulnerable to earthquakes, and the damages caused to the system and its components can lead to catastrophic accidents. Seismic analysis of piping systems can help safeguard them against the seismic events. The other benefits offered by seismic design of piping systems include:

1. Proof Testing: Seismic analysis provides new insights into how to better design the piping systems to predictable performance levels. They also can be used for "proof testing," their performance capability for any recorded event can serve as the benchmark for performance during earthquakes.

2. Post-earthquake Repair: Seismic design not only helps engineers analyse the event for which the piping system was designed but also the event for which it has to be refurbished. This vital information leads to lower repair costs because the piping system will be designed along with its key vulnerabilities.

3. Enhanced Seismic Hazard Maps: The piping design for seismic conditions assists in the understanding of the anticipated hazards at a particular piping system. It prepares the system for potential seismic situations and define specific measures for the earthquake.

4. Refined Analysis Techniques: Seismic design help piping engineers to analyse the performance of piping systems during the earthquakes. It helps to improve their ability to model the refinery piping system behavior for a particular ground motion. Seismic design of piping system refines the seismic analysis techniques.

5. Improved Procedures for New Piping Structures: The seismic monitoring provides the records required to calibrate the piping engineering process for new piping system structures. The benefit also manifests itself with the reduction in the seismic mitigation cost and reduction in the expected loss.

6. Improved Rehabilitation Process for Existing Piping System: From the engineering decision to seismic hazards, the process for identifying the seismic design for a piping system, to the techniques for rehabilitating existing piping structures, the seismic design enhances the piping system understanding, reduces conservatism, and make seismic mitigation cost-efficient and acceptable. It help improve the rehabilitation procedures of existing piping systems.

The lack of proper seismic design of piping systems guidelines and inadequacy of the available standards can lead to destruction in piping systems of any oil & gas refinery, petrochemical or other plants. An in-depth research can help understand better the analysis criteria and seismic design of piping systems. The seismic analysis assists to identify the design standards limits and critical aspects of piping system design.

Rishabh Engineering provides stress analysis services for piping systems via renowned CAESAR II software to qualify the piping systems for seismic loads and ensure that the piping systems can bear the stress generated during the seismic event (like an earthquake). This minimizes the damage to the piping systems and prevents them from major safety hazards.

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Benefits of seismic analysis of piping systems

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Seismic design of piping systems is an important aspect in piping system design and engineering of any refinery. The piping seismic analysis helps protect the piping system against the seismic events, saves the cost of post earthquake repairs and improves the piping system structures.

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Seismic Performance of Bolted Flange Joints in Piping Systems for Oil and Gas Industries

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Seismic Performance of Bolted Flange Joints in Piping Systems for Oil and Gas Industries

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Recent seismic events showed a quite high vulnerability of industrial piping systems and components, where damage ranges from simple failure of joints to failure of supporting structures.

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Static Method of Seismic Analysis of Piping System using Caesar II

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Static Method of Seismic Analysis of Piping System using Caesar II

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The criteria for line selection for seismic analysis are normally mentioned in the ITB documents if the construction site falls under seismic zone.

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The criteria for line selection for seismic analysis are normally mentioned in the ITB documents if the construction site falls under seismic zone. If the same is not mentioned then on a broad respect following lines can be considered:

Lines with outside diameter 6" and larger.

Transfer line/Two phase flow lines.

Strain sensitive equipment: Compressor, Turbine and Pump.

Heater and Cold box connected lines.

Steam & flare header system in pipe rack.

Other lines considered important as per stress engineer's decision.

As per code ASME B 31.3 the longitudinal stresses generated due to sustained and occasional loads should be within 1.33 times Sh (Basic allowable stress at hot temperature) value. So We have to add Sustained stress and occasional stress such that the scalar combination of the same remains within the limit specified by the code. Normally the nozzle load checking is not required for seismic analysis. However few companies need the nozzle load checking at seismic condition for static equipments. Sometimes the allowable nozzle load can be increased by 50% for checking in occasional cases. However nozzle load checking is not required at seismic case for rotating equipments. The following article will describe steps to perform the static method of seismic analysis in Caesar II.

The first step in static seismic analysis is to collect the seismic coefficient. Sometimes the value of seismic coefficient is provided directly and sometimes enough data is provided to calculate the same. The following equation (as per IS 1893) can be used to calculate the seismic co-efficient:

Here Spectral Acceleration Coefficient (Sa/g) = 2.5 (Examples are shown for the sake of a typical value calculation)

Zone Factor (Z) = 0.16

Response Reduction Factor (R) = 3

Importance factor (I) = 1.75

Horizontal Seismic Coefficient (Ah) = 0.12 (±X & ±Z Direction)

This co-efficient value need to be entered in Caesar spreadsheet as shown below:

Normally Y component is not entered. However few clients may require the input of the same. in that case follow guidelines provided by them.

To perform seismic analysis open the Caesar II spreadsheet and click on uniform loads as shown in the below mentioned figure.

After that prepare the load cases for seismic analysis. The load cases normally prepared are shown in the figure attached below:

Once you prepared the required load cases simply run the file and check the stresses for Code compliance as mentioned below:

Check restraint summary for load cases L8 to L11 in the above mentioned figure and check stresses for load case L16 to L19.

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Static Method of Seismic Analysis of Piping System using Caesar II

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The criteria for line selection for seismic analysis are normally mentioned in the ITB documents if the construction site falls under seismic zone. If the same is not mentioned then on a broad respect following lines can be considered: Lines with outside diameter 6" and larger. Transfer line/Two phase flow lines.