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https://www.wevideo.com/view/1235807149

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- Make the catapult itself larger.
- Find a better material to add weight to the base
- Officially work out the force issue with the rubber bands

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Here are the results from after the launch.

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After completing our research on catapults, Jerica and I chose to base our construction off of the Mongonel style because of its upward angel unlike the Ballista, and the counter weight and sling needed for the Trebuchet seemed too dificult.
Using the little time we had together, we pieced together the beginning of our project on Padlet and set off to build our catapult. We glued 13 rainbow Popsicle sticks down onto a square of cardboard, and created the arm of the catapult out of straws stuffed with pipe cleaners. The pipe cleaners gave the straws more strength, but the straws still had a little bounce to them.
Once we got our hands on a hot glue gun and a hole puncher, Jerica and I were able to poke holes into a shortened Dixie cup in order stick pipe cleaners through and fasten the cup down to the end of the arm. Then we used the hot glue gun to set two Popsicle sticks on each side of the base, creating triangles. We glued the arm down and started working on the launch mechanism, when we realized that the sides kept bowing inward. Therefore, we added two Popsicle sticks in the middle to connect the sides together and also to stop the bending.
Now, this part of the project is called "Trigger Trouble", because for the rest of the construction of our catapult, we mostly worked on trying to get everything perfect with the release system. We ended up needing to add a second square of cardboard to the back, two rubber bands pulling in opposite directions, and an entire roll of tape glued to the front to add weight.
Originally, our one rubber band was so strong that it refused to stay sitting on the floor during launch. Therefore, we added the roll of tape to the front, and a rubber band pulling in the opposite direction, hoping that the two forces acting on each other would cancel each other out. Each launch after that fix was a success!
Altogether,the materials used were two squares of cardboard, 19 Popsicle sticks,1 Dixie cup, 4 pipe cleaners, 4 straws, 1 roll of masking tape, liquid glue, hot glue, 2 rubber bands, and a wooden clothespin.

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Due Date:

Launch – Wednesday, Oct. 31

Paperwork Due - Friday, Nov. 2

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Construction: (30 points)

Did you use 9 materials?                        ________/5

Is it sturdy?                                          ________/5

Does it have a trigger?                                ________/5

Is it powered by something other than human power?

________/5

Does it launch at least one meter?                      ________/5

Does it launch at least two meters?                  ________/5

Bonus?                            ________/5

Drawing/picture/video: (10 points)
Make a neat (ruler) and labeled drawing - must have a top and side view.
________/4

Video of catapult in action

________/2

Include dimensions                                      ________/2

Include Materials used                                    ________/2

*Extra credit if done on computer
________(2)

Calculations (Lab sheet) (20 points)  Find the time that the projectile is in the air for each of your three launches.

Time 1
Time 2
Time 3
Average

Find the landing distance of all three launches then find the average.

Distance 1
Distance 2
Distance 3
Average

Find the horizontal component of the projectile’s velocity.

v= d/t
Divide your average time by two (2).  This is the time it would take to reach its maximum altitude.

Use this time to determine the maximum altitude of the projectile.

d= 1/2gt²
Use the time for maximum altitude to find the initial vertical velocity.

Vf=Vi+at

Use your two velocity components to find your projectile’s initial resultant velocity.

a²+ b²= c²

Paper (15 points)

1)Provide a brief description of 3 types of catapults: Ballista, Mangonel, Trebuchet.  Explain the good and bad points of each.  Include a picture of each.  Include references using MLA format (for help see www.easybib.com or knightcite.com)  I would expect a paragraph for each type.  Be sure to summarize in your own words. (9 points)

2)Explain how the catapult set the projectile into motion – from the trigger to launch. (3 points)

3)What are three things that you could have done to make the catapult better?  In other words, what are things that could have made your catapult launch the projectile to land closer to the target? (3 points)

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Guidelines:

1) Your project must not exceed 30 cm in width by 30 cm in length by 48 cm in height at the time of the launch.

2) The catapult must be set and ready to launch in 60 seconds or less (including 2nd & 3rd trial).

3)The catapult must be powered by something other than human force.

4)There must be some kind of trigger to set the launch in motion.  You may not just let go of a string or remove a piece of tape.  The trigger cannot add any additional force to the catapult.  The trigger must be attached to the machine.

5)The distance from the target will be measured from the final landing point (after rolling, sliding, etc.) to the center of the target.  Goal = 3 meters!

6) Any repairs after the first trial must be done within the 60-second window.

7) The group with the smallest combined distance (all three trials included) away from the center of the target wins 5 bonus points.  The group with the second smallest distance away from the center gets 3 bonus points.)  Only groups that fulfill ALL guidelines are eligible for these bonuses.

You will be presenting all of this information to me through the use of a padlet (padlet.com).

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CATAPULT CONSTRUCTION

Supplies Allowed:

1)Popsicle Sticks (Max. 24)

2) Straws (Max. 10)

3)String/Yarn (Max 1 meter)

4)Rubber bands (Max 4; Max diameter is 30 cm)

5)1 Dixie Cup (Max 88 mL size)

6)Small Nails (Max 2)

7)Pipe Cleaners

8)Wooden Clothespins

9)Glue  (Glue Stick/Super Glue/Elmer’s/Gorilla – your choice)

10) Masking Tape (Max one roll of 1” width)

11) Paper clips (Max 5)

12) Cardboard (Max 1.0 m2)

13)1 standard cotton ball

You must use at least 9 of the items in your design and the supplies must have a function other than decoration.

It is recommended you put your catapult in a box/Tupperware for storage/transportation.

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“Ballista (Age of Empires).” Age of Empires Series Wiki, ageofempires.wikia.com/wiki/Ballista_(Age_of_Empires).

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“Storming the Castle.... | CBC Kids.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, www.cbc.ca/kidscbc2/the-feed/storming-the-castle.

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“Trebuchet Physics.” Real World Physics Problems, www.real-world-physics-problems.com/trebuchet-physics.html.

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Ballista
A Ballista is a type of catapult that works like a crossbow. It first originated in the 4th century B.C, back when the medieval time period of castles,kings and Queens. This machine was used to fire large stones at tall structures hoping that the Large stone would make it over causing damage. A good part of this catapult was that it was built to be able to move quickly and didn't require many people to use it. A bad part about the Ballista was that most of the time it didn't cover far distances.

Mongonel
Mongonel is the one almost everyone can envision when they hear the word, ‘Catapult’. It involves a long wooden arm with a bucket or sling attached to the end. Using rope, it would be yanked back, creating energy and tension. Once the bucket/sling was loaded, it would be released, the arm stopping at the main beam or block. The contents in the Mongonel would continue on through the air, the projectile’s arc determined on where the beam/block was when it stopped the arm.

Trebuchet
This type of catapult is the oldest. Their are actually two types of trebuchet,traction and counterpoise. Traction was powered by people while counterpoise was used by a counter weight. the good parts about this catapult is that it was very powerful and could throw very large stones. The bad parts about a trebuchet would be that is very large and hard to move around while also being complex and hard to control

Works Cited
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Catapult.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 5 Aug. 2016, www.britannica.com/technology/catapult-military-weaponry.

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OBJECTIVES

1)Create a catapult that will toss a projectile onto a target (a small cup) 3 m away using only the supplies provided on the supply list.

2) Determine the initial velocity of the projectile based on measurements.

3)Conduct research of catapults to help refine brainstorm design.