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Global warming is causing the permafrost to thaw.  Air pollution is causing the clouds to fill with black carbon which settles in the snow.  Drilling wells can thaw permafrost, while heavy vehicles and pipeline construction can damage soil and prevent vegetation from returning.

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The Arctic fox has adapted to its environment by growing long fur that changes color with the season for camouflage. It tends to eat whatever is available. It's movements are cautious due to lack of cover on the tundra. Its legs, ears, and muzzle are short to conserve heat. The fox uses its tail like a muffler when cold.

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Polar bears adapt very well to the cold. The polar bear has a thick layer of blubber to keep them warm. Their ears and tail are very short so they don't lose any heat through them. Their necks are longer than other bears to keep their head above the water when they swim. Their webbed front feet help them swim.

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The Bear Berry plant grows low to the ground which helps it stay out of the chilled winds. The stem is covered in thick bark with fine silky hairs to keep the plant warm. The leaves are an oval shape with the feel of leather. The leather feel is an adaptation to the cold tundra.

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This moss grows in the bottom of freshwater arctic lakes.  They have tiny rootlets instead of roots.  The moss also has very tiny leaves.  The moss takes a long time to grow.  The moss has adapted well to the cold climate.  When it's not growing the moss stores nutrients in its leaves.  The moss does this so the new leaves can grow back quickly in the spring.  The moss also has adapted the strong winds in the tundra by growing close to the ground.

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The hawk is the secondary consumer. The hawk will eat the lemming and get 1% of the grasses energy.

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The lemming is the primary consumer. The lemming will eat the grass and get 10% of the grasses energy.

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The grasses are the producers. They get 100% of their energy from the sun.

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One of the animals found in the tundra is a caribou.  The caribou is also referred to as a reindeer.  They migrate in large groups.  The males can stand up to 3 feet tall and weigh about 550 pounds.  They have cloven hooves so their feet can spread out on the snow.  Their color varies from winter to summer.  In the winter their fur is white but in the summer their fur is brown.  A smaller animal found in the tundra is the arctic ground squirrel.  The squirrels overall length is about one foot.  Their weight is 23-28 ounces.  They are gray with spots of white and light brown.  They eat seeds, leaves, and insects.  Another animal found in the tundra is the snowy owl. They have white feathers. They are about 4-6 pounds and about 21-26 inches.  Their wing span can be 4.7- 5.4 inches.  They feed on foxs, rabbits, and lemmings.

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One of the plants found in the tundra are different types of mosses. The moss grow in the soil and rocks. Mosses don't have roots or stems so they soak up most of their nutrients from their leaves. Another plant in the tundra is lichens. Lichens have different and vibrant colors. They grow like mosses but they grow slower. Sedges are another plant found in the tundra. They are grass like plant. Their shallow root system allows them to get their nutrients.

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The tundra is a treeless rolling ground found in cold regions. It has large stretch's of bare ground and rock. With low vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and small shrubs. Due to its distance from the sun there is less sunlight. Which causes the area to not have a lot of vegetation.

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The tundra latitude is 71.2 degrees N and 156 degrees W.  The altitude ranges from 300 to 11,079 feet.

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During the summer months the temperatures are higher but the precipitation is lower. During the winter the temperatures are low and precipitation is high.

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In the tundra has long, cold winters. The average temperature is below freezing all year round. For only 6-10 weeks out of the year the tundra has warm temperatures for the plants to grow.

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The tundra is a cold and frozen area. This biome has a short growing season with harsh conditions. The plants and animals need special adaptations. The tundra gets about 10 inches of rain a year. They have long cold winters with high winds. The average temperatures are below freezing for 6-10 month a year. The soil is mostly frozen all year round.