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The plague of Athens in 430 BC, killed 25% of Athens's population. (75,000 to 100,000)

4th-century BC Praxagoras discovered the difference between veins and arteries and found that only arteries pulse.

354 BC Critobulus of Cos removes an arrow from an eye without facial disfigurement.

270 BC Huangfu Mi writes the ABC compendium of acupuncture, the first textbook focusing solely on acupuncture.

620 BC Aaron of Alexandria Syriac was the first author who mentioned smallpox in his medical books.

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Hippocrates was known as the “father of medicine”

Ships arriving in Venice from infected ports were required to sit at anchor for 40 days before landing. This practice, called quarantine, was derived from the Italian words quaranta giorni which mean 40 days.

In the ancient times, doctors used Olive oil to raise body temperature during fevers

Marcus Terentius Varro was the first person to prove bacteria was real

The Antonine Plague was responsible for helping destroy the roman empire.

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-A large part of medicine back then was magic and religion
-1347 - 1353 a plague started called the black death
- The black death was caused by the bacterium yersinia and pestis as a french biologist, Alexandre Yersin discovered at the end of the 19th century
-  A perfectly healthy person would normally go sleep alive and could be dead by the morning
- The symptoms included:  swollen lymph glands, face fever, chills, headaches, shortness of breath, hemorrhaging, bloody sputum, and vomiting
-The black death only had a survival rate of 50%
- This plague existed across Europe, London, Scotland, Japan, Asia, China, India, Persia, Syria, and Egypt
-Around 50 million people died from the plague
-In 1353 the reason why it ended was that everyone was quarantined and only left their homes when they needed too

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1. In the 1700's every household used to create their own medicines from herbs.

2. In 1747 James Lind discovered that citrus fruits helped prevent scurvy. It affected sailors mostly, so years later all ships had to depart with citrus fruits.

3. In 1765, the first medical school was founded by John Morgan and William Shippen.

4. In 1796, the first vaccine was created by Edward Jenner. He discovered that a exposing a limited amount of a smallpox variant, helped improve immunity.

5. In 1800 Sir Humphery Davy finds a new anesthetic: Nitrous Oxide.

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Dr. Horace Wells, first uses nitrous oxide as an anesthetic. 

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- In 1816, Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope.
- In 1818, James Blundell performs the first successful transfusion of human blood.
- In 1829, french chemist, Charles Henri Leroux, first isolated the 'miracle' drug Salicylic Acid (proto-asprin).
- In 1844, Dr. Horace Wells uses nitrous oxide (laughing gas) as an anesthetic.
- In 1847, Ignaz Semmelweis discovers how to the prevent the transmission of puerperal fever.

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Joseph Lister was the first surgeon to use antiseptics to disinfect wounds and instruments

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1851:The ophthalmoscope was rediscovered by Hermann von Helmholtz. It was first invented by Charles Babbage in 1847 but was later independently rediscovered in 1851 by Hermann von Helmholtz.
How it works:The ophthalmoscope was invented to use a small mirror or prism to direct light into the eye. The light was then reflected off the retina (the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye) and back into the ophthalmoscope through a small hole. This invention lets the doctor observe a magnified image of the internal structure of the patient’s eye.  Today it is one of the mostly widely used medical screening devices in the world

1853: Charles Frederic Gerhardt buffered Salicylic Acid with an extra acetyl group and created true aspirin(closer to the modern version). Aspirin was then bought later by Bayer and turned into a product
1863:Scientist Louis Pasteur creates the process known as pasteurization, which is now used today in products like milk. The process is simple; heat up the food up to 50-60 degrees Celsius to kill bacteria.
1867: A British surgeon called Joseph Lister used phenol, to disinfect wounds and sterilize instruments. This would change medicine, as antiseptics are widely used today in hospitals and public places.
1879: Louis Pasteur creates the first vaccine, for a disease called chicken cholera. This was after he developed the idea of vaccination, and he would later work on developing vaccines for other diseases

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1-Theobald Smith discovered the system of insect-borne disease transmission, found out the cause for Scurvy and created the idea of heat-killed vaccines in 1893.
2-Joseph O’Dwyer (1898), at the Foundling Hospital began a facility for unwanted children. He was also was one of the founders of American Pediatric Society.
3- In 1900, Karl Landstiener pointed out the human  blood groups. This made blood transfusion a much more safe option, and saved many lives.
4-Early 1900’s - During this time, flu shots did not exist. This meant the flu was seen as a deadly illness. In 1918, there was a flu pandemic that killed 50 million people around the world. This pandemic was called the influenza pandemic.

5-Willhelm Kolle developed a vaccine that killed Cholera with heat. He became able to use it on a large scale in 1902.

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-Karl Landstenier, an Austrian biologist, physician and immunologist,  discovered the existence of different human blood types in 1901.

-Frederick Hopkins, an English biochemist,  suggests the existence of vitamins and suggests the lack of vitamins causes scurvy  and rickets in 1906.

-Willem Einthoven, Dutch doctor and physiologists, invented electrocardiography in 1903.(ECG/EKG)

-Edward Mellanby, British biochemist, discovers Vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets in 1921.

-Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian physician, discovers the malarial  fever shock therapy for general paresis of the insane in 1917.
SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_medicine_and_medical_technology

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1. 1950 John Hops invented the first cardiac pacemaker

2. 1952 Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine

3. 1964 John Enders invented the first vaccine developed for measles

4. 1968 Maurice Hilleman found for Hong Kong Influenza Pandemic

5. 1975 Robert S Ledley invented CAT-Scans

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- In 1927, a blood test was discovered by William Hinton to detect syphilis.

- In 1929, the first polio patient was saved at what is now called Boston Children's hospital.

- In 1938, the first corrective heart surgery on children was performed by Robert Gross.

- In 1947, the first artificial kidney was developed for clinical use at Boston Children's hospital

- In 1949, there was a culture grown of the poliovirus, starting the development of polio vaccines.

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Human Genome

One of the biggest discoveries in the early 2000 was the human genome. The human genome is a almost complete collection of all the genes in the human body. The Human Genome was created by James Watson and later Francis Collin

Melafind

This is a FDA approved device with is able to help cure skin cancer. The developer of this device is MELA science. It emits pulsing of light that interacts with the tissue

Lifeport kidney transfer

Pumps nourishing fluid through the organs which keeps the organs viable twice than they would by themselves. This was made by Idoe and organ recovery system

Abiocor artificial heart

A mechanical heart that produces deoxygenated blood as a replacement for regular blood. It help with patients who their hearts are about to give up. Made by a company called Abiobor

Near eradication of the guinea worm

Guinea worm diseases is a parasite that is transferred by drinking contaminated water. It is a painful process to go through but the U.S. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention have found a way to help eradicate the diseases  by teaching people how to properly filter their water. It has been working as in 1989 there were more than 892,000,000 cases and by 2005 there were 16,000 cases

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-First face transplants
https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/amazing-face-transplants-graphic-images/
-Ebola vaccine developed
http://www.pmlive.com/pharma_news/mercks_ebola_vaccine_wins_approval_in_four_african_countries_1326392
-Human embryo cloned in Britain
-New medicine that extends HIV survival
https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/medications-list
-Robotic techniques revolutionize surgery
https://pitchengine.com/pitches/881f5be5-a940-4758-a793-035c113d3529

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1.  Advances in treating hearing and sight loss

2. Whooping cough started spreading in 2012 and had over 48,000 cases in the US. Now 2 Vaccines prevent it DTaP and Tdap. Children younger than 7 years old get DTaP while older children, teens, and adults get Tdap. scientists Pearl Kendrick and Grace Eldering Created the first vaccine in 1914.

3. Ebola started in 2014 spreading from West Africa to the united states. Ebola is a virus that causes server bleeding and organ failure leading to death. This virus costs major life loss and did not have a vaccine till December of 2019 named rVSV-ZEBOV which was discovered by scientists at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

4. MERS can come from COVID 19 but also can be spread through person-to-person contact. The vaccine type 5 (Ad5) and type 41 (Ad41) expressing MERS-CoV S or S1.

5.  Tiny pacemakers achieved FDA approval of its Micra transcatheter pacing system, which is about the size of a vitamin pill.

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-Companies Pfizer and BioNTech created the first FDA approved Covid-19 vaccine
-Scientists learned how to alter someone's body to fight off leukemia in 2015
-The first FDA approved artificial Pancreas was created in 2016
-At NYU Langone Medical Center the first ear and ear canal transplantation took place
-The start of the creation of a potential Ebola vaccine was created by epidemiologists

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The first case of the Coronavirus was confirmed to be on The 31st of  December of 2019.

In March of 2020, the world was spiraled into a global pandemic.

Vaccines for Covid were not fully manufactured till March of the following year in 2021.

FDA Honorable Mentions

The Zika virus had a vaccine FDA approved in 2019 and can now efficiently kill the virus

The FDA approved first treatment for Ebola in 2020