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The population density of Gaborone is 4.52 every square kilometer.

The population density of Sofia is 62 per Km².

Differences:

Approximately, there is a 57 difference. This is an huge difference, and represents how crowded Sofia is in comparison to Gaborone. These values suggest that Gaborone is likely to have large acres of open, or undeveloped land. It seems Sofia seems to be more urbanized with a concentrated population.

Similarities:

Both cities have faced similar challenges in growth. Gaborone have had quick expansion, which has led to illegal settlement, raising legal issues. While Sofia growth, has led to urban challenges like traffic congestion, insufficient transport, and inefficient housing, which has led to several individuals living in particular areas. This supports the high density statistics.

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Population density for

Ottawa and Kyiv

The population density of the City of Ottawa was 364.9 people per square kilometer and the population density of the city of Kyiv is approximately 3299 people per square kilometers. Kyiv's population density is significantly higher than Ottawa's,which is probably because Canada is a bigger country so the people are spread out in the country.

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Colombia's capital is Bogota and the population has just crossed 8 million people. Bogota's quite a big capital as its 1776 km2. This means that the population density Bogota is 5061 people per km2.

Serbias capital is Belgrade and is home to over 1.6 million people. This might be because of how small Belgrade is being only 821km2. This comes out to 3241 people per km2.

I didn't recognize any similarities, but I could definitely see some difference. First, Bogota is massive compared to Belgrade but still got a lower population density which is

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Kyiv(Ukraine) 2.95 million - 3,299 per km2

Dhaka(Bangladesh) 21 million - 23,234 per km2

Similarities: Both citires are capitals and home to the majority of the countries population

Diffeerences: Although both are heavly populated, Dhaka struggles significantly more with density as there are several micro-areas that are extremely dense

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Venezuela's capital: Caracas

Population: 5.9 million people

4212.9 people per square kilometer

Size:433 km²

Denmark's capital: Copenhagen

Population: 670,000

People per square kilometer: 2659

Size: 179.8 km²

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Guatemala's capital is Guatemala City, and the most recent population density figure would be all the way back in 2016, when there was 154.74 people per square kilometer there. However, another data shows that there was a population of 923,392 in an unspecified year. Regardless of the population, China's capital Beijing's population density is recorded to be (approximately) 12,000 people per square kilometer, and compared to the population density recorded in Guatemala City in 2016, it is more densely populated, though that may also be true with Guatemala City's population density today.

Sources: https://eros.usgs.gov/earthshots/beijings-growth#:~:text=Beijing's%202021%20population%20is%20estimated,4%2C600%20people%20per%20square%20km.

https://www.ceicdata.com/en/guatemala/population-and-urbanization-statistics/gt-population-total#:~:text=Guatemala%20GT:%20Population:%20Total%20data%20was%20reported,Dec%201960%20to%202017%2C%20with%2058%20observations.

The similarities between Beijing and Guatemala City is that they both are considered 'cultural hubs' and 'centers' (atleast on google) because Guatemala City is where the cultural life is dominating in Guatemala, and Beijing being a cultural hub for it's traditions.

source: https://www.britannica.com/place/Guatemala-City

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Bangladesh's capital, Data is not similar to Bulgaria's capital in population; Dhaka is a megacity with a population in the tens of millions, while Bulgaria's capital, Sofia has a significantly smaller population, around 1.2 million. Showing the clear difference in its population but now lets talk about it population density Bangladesh's capital, Daca and its population density are not similar to Bulgaria's Dhaka is one of the world's most densely populated cities, whereas Bulgaria has a significantly lower population density for its country as a whole. Similarities - Both Dhaka and Sofia serve as the capitals and major urban centers of their respective countries. Dhaka is one of the most densely populated cities in the world and Sofia has the highest population density in Bulgaria but it is still much lower than Dhaka. Now some differences are Bangladesh is a very densely populated country, while Bulgaria is not. Dhaka is extremely crowded, whereas Sofia has a much lower population density. And Bangladesh has a very large population, while Bulgaria is a much smaller country with a smaller population.

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When looking to compare the population dynamics of two countries you could also look at GDP, education rates, immigration and emigration rates as well as Fertility rates. This can help you to gain a bigger understanding of the population of a country.

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Niger's biggest city is Niamey with approximately 1.5 million people as of 2024.

Greece's biggest city is Athens with a population of 3.1 million as of 2024. This is due to about 40% of the country is living there. Greece's population per square km is 82 while niger's only goes up to 13 to 17 people per square km.

Niger's overall population is to 27.03 million as of 2024.

Greece in the other hand is only 10.39 million.

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U.S

The most dense city: New York City

Density: 29,303 people / km^2

Hungary

The most dense city: Budapest

Density: 3,351 people / km^2

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When comparing these cities beyond basic population dynamics we could use age structure, household size, life expectancy and immigration.

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The two countries I will compare are India and China, the two countries with the largest population in the world. I will compare them, regarding the birth rate, poplulation and if the population is going down or up. Firstly China, for a long time China had the largest population due to having a lot of fertile land and because the economy was in a state, were having many children was ok. In 2022 China began inforcing benifits for only having one child, and started to enphisis one child only due to it not having inferstructure to support the growing population, nor the land due to it being overpopulated to the point of having a high population density. Ever since the plan to reduce births within China the population has slowly been decreasing as in 2022 the estimated birth rate was 6.77 per 1000 people, compared to now where it is 6.7 per 1000 people, meaning due to the birth rate decline they lost 0.7 on average.

China differs from India as instead of losing population it has actually been gaining it, according to data.worldbank.org. The population trends differ from China as instead of slowly slowing the rate of birth, India has a more linear gradient, where it consistantly stays at that angle. The birth rate in India

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Density of Washinton DC: 11,280.71/sq mi (4,355.39/km²)

Size: 158.1 km²

Density of Kyiv: 3,299 residents per square kilometer

Size: 847.7 km²

Washington D.C. and Kyiv are both cities with high population density but Kyiv is much larger in size and has more people overall and Washington, D.C. is smaller but more crowded.

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Similarities and differences between Copenhagen and Tokyo population density:

Copenhagen and Tokyo are both busy capitals with good public transport and crowded city life. But Tokyo is much denser, with huge size, tall buildings, and more people, while Copenhagen is smaller, less crowded, and built with lower buildings.

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Nassau, Bahamas: Population density about 1,430 people/km²
Suva, Fiji: Population density about 8,915 people/km²

Similarities:

Both are island capitals and main urban centers.

Differences:

Suva is much more densely populated than Nassau.

Suva is more urbanized and compact; Nassau is more spread out.

Suva is a regional hub hosting international organizations, contributing to its higher density.

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Zagreb has a population of 1,196/km^2 while Copenhagen has a population of 7,300/km^2. The key similarities is both countries capitals are for the municipality and not for the wider metro. The biggest difference though is that Zagreb is much larger than Zagreb and therefore has a much lower density than Copenhagen.

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The country which has experienced an increase in population is Botswana. There has been sustained high birth rates, and fertility rates, and more. Botswana has experienced suitable economic progress, and development, from 1966, which has supported the growing population. Botswana has heavily invested in human capital. According to Open Knowledge Repository, “7.1% of its GDP allocated to education, 4.8% to health, and 2.6% to social protection.”

So, therefore the country has a good economic stance, which has allowed for the country to support the increasing population, and has resulted in increased population.

Bulgaria has experienced a decrease in population due to to low birth rates, and there has been a significant amount of emigration. This has been a continuous issue. Bulgaria wasn’t through a political transformation, where it turned from communism to democracy, and due to disagreement with citizens, several individuals. According to The Borgen Project, “By the end of 2023, 23.8% of the population was over the age of 65. So, there was a majority, of elderly individuals, leading to the decrease in population as well.”

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Its capital is Niamey and the population is densely concentrated at 1.5 million inhabitants per km2 with a total of 1.56 million living there.

Sofia Bulgaria is the capital, with a population of 1.3 million people Sofia is sparsely populated @ 5k individuals per SQKilometer.

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Tirana is has a much larger population with many more opportunities for the residents of the city unlike Nicosia. Tirana was more education including schools and universities unlike Nicosia which is a smaller capital with more of a rural feel and less active life then Tirana.

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When comparing two cities, we can look at life expectancy, mortality rates, housing, infrastructure, migration rate, age structure, Birth rates, fertility rate

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Population density for Copenhagen and Tokyo:

The density of Copenhagen is approximately 7,300 people per square kilometer, while the urban area density is around 2,560/km², and the wider metropolitan area density is about 744/km².

Tokyo's population density is approximately 6,200 people per square kilometer, a figure that reflects its status as one of the most densely populated cities globally

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Increasing population: Canada

Decreasing population: Ukraine

Canada's population is increasing due to ongoing immigration. Canada attracts immigrants through its welcoming multiculturalism and inclusivity, a stable economy with job opportunities, high-quality public services like universal healthcare and education, and favourable immigration policies that offer a path to permanent residence and citizenship. In Q1 2025, there were 104,256 immigrants admitted to Canada, and all of the population growth was due to immigration.

Ukraine's population is decreasing due to mass emigration from the ongoing war. Ukraines population has decreased by roughly 10 million people since the start of the full-scale war in 2022. The pre-war population in 2022 was over 40 million, while by mid-2024, it had dropped to approximately 35.8 million residents. Most Ukrainian residents have immigrated to other European countries.

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Croatia - Declining

Benin - Growing

Croatias population is decreasing due to a number of factors that affect the GNH index. Croatia faces economic dissatisfaction because of their limited opportunities and high cost of living as well as lower birth rates. There is a mass emigration in Croatia as the young people living there move abroad to seek better employment, this also results in a low immigration rate.

Benins population is growing due to higher fertility rates and increased life expectancy. Benins life expectancy has improved because of better healthcare systems, more access to education, large youth population. These all contribute to allowing Benins population to grow and sustain the population level.

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India's population in 2024 was around 1.44 billion, the highest in the world. India's population has increased by 0.9% a year. This is due to improvements in health care, fertility rate, and more; however, one of the most notable changes is that a great percentage of India's population is at the age of childbearing age. This means there are lots of people giving birth at the same time.

On the other hand, Japan's population is around 124 million as of 2024 and has been declining for over a decade. This is due to the country's high percentage of elderly people who cannot give birth. Furthermore, Japan's fertility rate is one of the lowest in the world, with 1.3 births per woman. Surprisingly, Japan is one of the countries with the highest life expectancy, which should mean there would be more people, but it is quite the opposite, as there are more people dying than being born.

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Venezuelas population is decreasing due to government problems as there corrupted president Nicolás Maduro has been consistently inflating the economy and venezuelan citizens Just cant keep up with it either turning them homeless leading to death by starvation or they move away and live outside somewhere where the can keep up. Venezuelas population peaked at 30.7 million people in 2016 but has decreased to 28 point five as of Now.

Denmarks population is currently increasing as it has been brung lots of immigrants as they are famous for being clean, having lots of items and products like food and houses affordable and high quality and having good future plans for the city. Denmark is currently at there peak just recently passing the 6 million people mark.

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the Bahamas

The Bahamas population in the 2000 was

323,835 and in 2024 its 401,283 the difference is about 77,448 ,

Why is the Bahamas population increasing is because The population of the Bahamas increases due to natural growth (births exceeding deaths) and immigration, with the tourism and hospitality industry being a significant factor in attracting foreign residents and workers

But in Fiji the population in the 2000 is 840,909 but in 2024 the population is 928,784 the difference is 87,875 Fiji's population growth has recently slowed due to a combination of declining birth rates, increased mortality from non-communicable diseases, and emigration of people seeking work overseas

Comparing both Fiji has gained 87,875 in its population and the Bahamas has gained 77,448

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We can use immigration and emigration to show the amount of people that leave and enter the country. Birth and death rates are always important when seeing growth in population. Trends can be spotted and will be able to help provide what the population of a country will look like in the future.

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India and Poland

Unlike Polands decreasing population, India is overpopulating with increasing rates. This is mainly due to a higher birth rate which is overtaking their death rate. This also lead to fertility rate rising over the years, despite their action to implement population control. Another reason for this is cultural reasons such as early marriage and big families, which leads to women giving birth at young ages, taking a huge toll over the birth rate.

Meanwhile in most European countries such as Poland, the population has taken a severe toll for the past 6 years. This trend is due to several factors, such as death rates outnumbering birth rates (compared to India) a record-low fertility rate of 1.1, and a constant streak of emigration for young people, as Poland doesn't provide as many opportunities as other countries.

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Damascus has a smaller but historically dense population; its education has been disrupted by war, while Kyiv s larger in population and has a higher literacy rate, with many universities and a more developed education system.

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Dr Congo is planned to almost double its population by 2050, its growing rate

is 99.7 percent, the highest increased population rate currently.

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Decreasing (Albania): The population in Albania is decreasing rapidly for several reasons. Many Albanian citizens and residents are leaving the country since it has made the change from a communist country to a democracy. This is the mostly why the population has decreased. There has also been talks about low fertility rate in Albania so less children are being born.

Increasing (Cyprus): The population in Cyprus has been increasing in the past 20 years for a vary of reasons. The quality of life is high and respected which means that not very many people want to leave, but many people do want to migrate to this country. It is expected for it to reach over 1 million people by 2100.

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Croatia

Croatia is decreasing in population due to the high amounts of emigration and persistent low birth rates since 1991. The emigration rates are high due to poor economic stability and corruption which contains to worsen since the split of Yugoslavia in 1991.

Denmark

Denmarks population has been increasing drastically since the 18th century. Denmark has improved living conditions compared to other countries in the area. And Denmark has put a particular stress on the need for industrialization and urbanization which has increased economic stability and thus resulted in increased brith rates and lower emigration numbers/higher immigration rates.

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Bulgaria's Capital: Sofia

Population (2024): 1.292 million

Population density: 5,022 people per square kilometre

Size: 492 km²

Iceland's Capital: Reykjavík

Population (2025): 249,054

Population density: 240 people per square kilometre

Size: 1,042 km²

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Ukraine and Bangladesh:

The main cause of the population decrease in Ukraine is massively due to the war going on between the two, because of this war it has also made importing good to Ukraine close to impossible, Ukraine currently has a low birth rate and a high immortality rate. On the other hand, Bangladesh's population has slowly been increasing due to its history of high birth rates and lower death rates than other countries which is why its been increasing. more, additionally the medical technology has improve drastically which reduced the death rates.

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The country I chose for the population increasing is Colombia. The current population of Colombia is closing up on 53 million people in 2024 compared to 1960, there only being 15 million people. One reason Colombias population has been growing could be the better options of healthcare leading to less miscarriages. Also, since Colombias population has rapidly grown over the last few decades, more people are starting to reproduce and create more life in Colombia. Finally, Colombias median age is 32.5 meaning that many people are at an age in which they start wanting to create new life and have a child.

The second country I have chosen to analyze is Serbia. Serbias population rates have severely declined over a the last century. In fact the current population rate is lower than in 1960. One main reason why this has happened is that there has been a reduce in marriage rates and many people have been immigrating to Serbia for education. This also links to putting work life over person life which leaves no space for themselves.

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Decreasing - Greece

Increasing - Niger

Greece's population has been decreased particularly from the 2008 crisis. The main reason for this issue is the persistent low fertility rate which has gone down to 1.32 per women in 2023. Overall, this gravely impacts the population number as less babies are born resulting in a lower population rate. Another reason is the significant number of people emigrating to other countries. This is mainly caused by the economic factors and the desire for better opportunities and higher standard of living. The number of emigrate had led to shrinking young and working-aged population.

Niger's population has been increasingly higher primarly due to the high fertility rate growing up to 7.6 children per women.

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Spain increasing

Ukraine decreasing

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Spains population is growing mostly because of immigration. Even though the country has a very low birth rate and many people are getting older, new arrivals from other countries such as Latin America, North Africa, and Eastern Europe, have increased the number of people living there. People are also living because of better healthcare, which adds to the country’s growth.  Ukraine’s population is decreasing because more people die than are born, many move aboard for work, and the war has caused deaths and forced millions to leave the country.

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Guatemala - increasing: The country's population is going up by 1.5% (in the recent period) due to high fertility rates, and also because most of the national population consists of young people, which leads to a 'large reprouction cohort.' The persisting high fertility rates is because of it's social and cultural norms, but also because of the limited access to sources about planning families and education about that, especially in 'rural and indigenous communities'.

source: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guatemala/overview#:~:text=Guatemala%20is%20the%20largest%20economy,worked%20in%20the%20informal%20sector.

https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-guatemala#:~:text=Population%20of%20Guatemala%20in%202025,the%20time%20of%20report%20production.

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Despite the global financial crisis and recent natural disasters, Guatemala continues to have huge potential for economic growth. But with the second lowest social indicators in the region, rising food prices pose a risk for vulnerable members of the population.

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Life expectancy

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Syria - Increasing

Syria has a high population rate, estimated at around 6.39% annually, which is driven by a complex of high birth rates and demographic recovery following years of conflict. Additionally, as stability returns to some areas, refugees are beginning to return, contributing to sudden population surges.

Ukraine - Decreasing

Ukraine has faced Europe's largest refugee crisis. By late 2022, approximately 7 million Ukrainians have fled abroad. The war has led to a dramatic drop in birth rates. In cities like Kherson, annual births plummeted from 2000 to about 120.

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Antigua and Barbuda

well not a lot of people get born in Antigua and Barbuda it is more than the death rate that is one of the resons and the other reson is that Antigua and Barbuda get a lot of foreingers

barbados

The birthrate is low, but Americans live about 79 years. As people live longer and healthcare is robust, the population does not plummet fast.

Immigration – Barbados draws employees (particularly in tourism, construction and other services), students and retirees from overseas. Some are foreigners who have moved there to enjoy the warm climate and safe lifestyle.

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Tokyo’s central area has about 15,700 people per km², while Seoul is a bit higher at about 17,100 people per km². Both are very crowded cities with limited space and good public transport. The main difference is that Seoul’s number is for the whole city, while Tokyo’s is just for its central wards.

In both cities, some districts are even more crowded than the average. Parts of Tokyo reach about 22,000–23,000 people per km², while in Seoul some areas go over 26,000–28,000 people per km². This means Seoul is slightly more packed, while Tokyo is more spread out into surrounding areas.

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U.S. & Hungary

The population of the U.S. has increased by over 3 million people between 2023 and 2024. The major reason of the population increase is immigration, with about 3 million people moving to the country between 2023 and 2024, both legally and illegally.

The population of Hungary has declined by about 30 thousand people between 2023 and 2024. The major reason of the population decline is the low life expectancy due to cardiovascular diseases with over 100 thousands CVD deaths between 2023 and 2024.

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Increasing: Denmark

Decreasing: Japan

Japan's population is decreasing due to a sustained and low birthrate which has caused the population to decrease since its peak in 2008. Factors contributing to the declining birthrate include economic pressures on young people and reluctance to have children due to financial constraints despite government efforts to encourage parenthood.

Denmark's population is increasing due to a combination of a positivity towards birth and there are more births than deaths another reason is there are more immigrants than emigrants in Denmark.

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USA- increasing

Ukraine- decreasing

The american population is probably increasing because more people are born there in comparision to how many die, people likely live longer due to improved healthcare quality, and also since the biggest cause of increased population in USA in 2024 was net immigration.

The Ukraine population is likely decreasing as many people are leaving the country, the birth rate is lower, and probably since the war has caused increased deaths and a lot of people to flee.

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Bulgaria:

2024 population: 6.4 million

Bulgaria's highest population was in the 1990s and was at a high of around 9 million people.

The reason for such drastic decrease in population over the last 30 years is because of low birth rates and high death rates. Because of the lack of economic opportunities and stability most people emigrate to a different country.

Iceland:

2024 population: 404,000

Icelands population has significantly increased since the 1960s. It has increased by around 200,000 people since then. This is because of higher birth rates compared to death rates and the increase of immigration.

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South Korea - decreasing

Japan - decreasing

South Korea’s population is decreasing due to extremely low birth rates, delayed marriage, and high housing and education costs discouraging families. Gender inequality, demanding work culture, and limited childcare support worsen the issue.

Japan’s population is shrinking due to persistently low birth rates, aging society, and limited immigration. Economic insecurity, high childcare costs, and long working hours discourage family formation. Women face career-family tradeoffs, further reducing fertility.

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bangladesh, bulgaria

Bangladesh's population is increasing due to historically high fertility rates, though these are declining, and a lower death rate resulting from improved public health and healthcare systems. But the not so fortunate Bulgaria is suffering from a decline in population due to negative natural growth (low birth rates, high death rates, and a low life expectancy) and net migration (high levels of emigration, especially of young people, and low levels of immigration). This county also has one of the lowest life expectancies. Now comparing the two we can see why and how Bulgarias population is declining unlike Bangladeshes.

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Bulgaria's population is decreasing due to low birth rates, high mortality rates, and significant emigration, with a large number of working-age people leaving the country for better opportunities in Western Europe since joining the EU in 2007. These factors have resulted in a natural population decline and a negative balance of migration, compounded by an aging population and one of the lowest life expectancies in the European Union

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Term: Population Density

Definition: Population Density is a measurement of how many people live in a specific unit of area, measured by square kilometer. It helps understand how crowded a certain country or place is. For example, it is very useful when comparing small countries with a high population density and larger countries with a much smaller density of people.

Importance to population dynamics: Population density plays a large role in the environmental impact a country has on their ecosystem, it also effects the health of the residents of the country as their is a higher rate of disease transmission. Population density is also important to pollution dynamics as the resources of the country become more scarce, also effecting the health.

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infant mortality rate is the measurement of infant death before there first birthday

It’s important for the population because it Shows over all health of the country / society. It represent the conditions for the baby to grow up.

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Birth rates: Birth rates are the rate of birth within a given amount of time, which usually is per second. This equates to 4-5 babies born per second. For example in the UAE the birth rate is 9.77 per 1000 people.

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Carrying capacity

Carrying capacity is the the maximum population a country can sustain for an unknown amount of time. an example of an exceeding carrying capacity is India where its only supposed to be able to handle 1.2 billion people, but their population has exceeded 1.4 billion. This stat is dependent on the amount of food in the country and the healthy drinking water

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Definition: Death rate also known as mortality rate, is the number of how many deaths occur in comparison to a given population of a certain area or period of time. The death rate is important to a population because it helps us understand the population growth. Death rates fall first, then fertility rates, leading to a slowdown in population growth. Population growth is determined by births and deaths. Qatar has the lowest death rate in the world, with 1.35 deaths per 1000 people annually,

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Fertility rate:

Fertility rate measures the ability and rate a woman can have kids. This is measured in the average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime. In the UAE, the average fertility rate for women is estimated to be between 1.34 and 1.67 children per woman in 2025.

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Our term - life expectancy

Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live based on statistical data, such as age-specific death rates. It is a key indicator of the overall health and well-being of a population.

Life expectancy is crucial because it serves as a key indicator of a population's overall health and well-being. It reflects the quality of a country's healthcare system, living standards, nutrition, and public health initiatives. By using this indicator, the country can improve its health system and other important system in country

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The dependency ratio is a way to compare the amount dependent people, which are individuals under the age of 15 and over 65. Compared to the number of people in working age which is approximately 15-64 years old. This ratio represents, the strain which is put upon the working age to fulfill the needs of the young, and elderly. If there is a high dependency ration, this can lead to increase healthcare costs, taxes, strains on potential plans, and more. The fertility and mortality rates impact dependency ratio.

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Natural Increase

Natural increase is the average change in population due to the birth rate and the death rate excluding immigrations.

It is important in population dynamics because it's connected to the global population and would help interpret how much population would grow in the future.

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Natural Increase

Natural increase is the average change in population due to the birth rate and the death rate excluding immigrations.

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The population growth rate is the average annual change in a population's size over a specific period, typically expressed as a percentage. Right now that population growth rate is 1.1 percent since 2024.

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We can compare the life expectancy, death rates, and economy. The life expectancy and death expectancy will tell if the country has good healthcare and sanitation systems.

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The Russian has a larger amount of female people in the country mostly because of world war 1 and world war 2, which in both wars they lost a large amount of men, which has led The Russian Federation's population to decrease, and not recover.

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India's capital: New Delhi

Population density of New delhi: 29,259.12 per square mile

Size of New Delhi: 1,483 km²

Ukraine's capital: Kyiv

Population density of Kyiv: 8,540 per square mile

Size of Kyiv (sq km): 847.7 km²

New Delhi has a high population density per square mile compared to Kyiv's population density. The ratio of population density to size of the city is as such:

New Delhi: 51.08:1

Kyiv: 26.09:1

This shows that there are more people per square mile in New Delhi than Kyiv. The population density is higher in New delhi than kyiv.

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we could compare the two countrys with graphs of life expectancy and this could tell us about whether the population is growing or not.

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Cambodia and Usa are dfferent because camdodia is growing really fast but usa are decreasing so we would have to track the birth rate and the death rate and the medications that the people will get so we could not have usa decreasing anymore

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the country I chose that is growing is Haiti with 11,772,56 people, i think that it’s growing because as a LEDC people usually dont have enough money to leave in search of a better life, so instead they live in Haiti. The country i chose that’s declining is Hungary, the reason to its population declining is due to low birth rates, emigration to other European countries in search of better opportunities and demographic aging, its population at the moment is estimated to be 9,562,31 people.

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When comparing two cities, population dynamics like density, growth rate, birth and death rates, migration, age distribution, and life expectancy give a clearer picture of how balanced and sustainable each city’s population is.

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to compare Romania and Uae in another way, we can compare them with life expectancy

United Arab Emirates: Approximately 82.91 years (as of 2023).

Romania: Approximately 75.6 years

which means that the life expectancy in the Uae is higher then the life expectancy in Romania.

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We could compare Argentina and Bulgaria by looking at things like growth rate, birth and death rates, fertility, life expectancy,infant mortality,population density,age structure, migration, and median age. Argentina’s population is younger and still growing, while Bulgaria’s is older and shrinking

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will be measuring in unemployment rate, The unemployment rate of Madrid is 10.61% as of June 2024, and although Kiev are currently in a war they do have a similar rate to Madrid as Kiev have a 12% unemployment rate as of June 2025

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The population density for Beijing is 1300 people per square km, however, this stat is misleading as the central and populated areas exceed 20,000 people per square km, with more rural areas having just around 150 people per square km.

As for Budapest, the city is more compact, having 3350 people per square km overall, with its most crowded area having 23,600 people per square km, being more similar to populated areas in Beijing.

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New Delhi, the capital of India, has a high population density of over 31,000 people per square kilometer, while Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, has a significantly lower density of around 3,517 people per square kilometer. The key difference is the vast difference in magnitude, with new delhi being over eight times denser that kyiv, highlighting the very dense urban environment of India's capital compared to Ukraine's capital, which is a more sparsely populated European city.

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Argentina's capital city is Buenos Aires, it has a population of 45,696.16

17.13 people per square kilometer

Bulgaria's capital city is Sofia, it has a population of 6,444.37

58 people per square kilometer

Similarities: Both the capitals are the largest of cities in their respective countries and are historical places.

Differences: Argentina has more population density compared to Bulgaria which is quite surprising.

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UAE (Abu Dhabi): 56.3 persons per square kilometre, 4.14 million people

Romania ( Bucharest) : 8,260 person per square kilometer, 2.17 to 3 million people

Abu Dhabi: has a low population density per square kilometer

Bucharest: has a high population density of peope per square

both cities play important roles in the country, they are both capital cities and

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Other measures of population dynamics to compare Niamey (Niger) and the city of San Marino is population growth rate, we can measure how fast the population is increasing or decreasing each year. We can also measure the birth rate, and death rate. And the age structure is a huge aspect the percentage of people in different age groups. Theres also migration, life expectancy and many more.

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Paris is much more crowded than Washington, D.C. Paris has around 20,200 people per km squared, while Washington has about 4,300 people per km squared. Both are capitals where many people work in government and services, so they are busier and denser than most parts of their countries. The difference comes from how they were built: Paris has tall, close-together buildings and narrow streets, which makes it very packed, while Washington has wider roads, big open spaces, and many low houses, which spreads people out more.

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the capital of Cambodia is Phnom Penh the population in Phnom Penh would be about 2.35m people but the capital of USA is Washington dc with a population amount being 702k people the differences i saw between these two countrys will be that Cambodia capital has 2.35m and usa capital has 702k and cambodia has more people in there capital

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Democratic Republic: Kinshasa

The city-wide density is roughly 1,000 people per square kilometer, while the urban center has a much higher density of approximately 17,000 people per square kilometer.

Japan: Tokyo

Tokyo has a population density of approximately 6,158 people per square kilometer.

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the capital of Ukraine is Kiev is 2.8 million people while the capital of Spain, Madrid has a population of 3.4 million people. although Kiev has a smaller population it is actually bigger than Madrid with Kiev being 847 km and Madrid being 604 km

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Niamey and the City of San Marino are really different when it comes to population. Niamey is growing fast, while San Marino grows very slowly People in Niamey are mostly young, but in San Marino there are more older people. Families in Niamey are bigger too, while San Marino has smaller households Also many people move into Niamey from rural areas, but San Marino doesn’t have much migration. Jobs are different as well; Niamey has lots of informal work, while San Marino focuses more on services like tourism and banking. Birth rates are high in Niamey, and people don’t live as long but in San Marino birth rates are low and life expectancy is much higher.

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Serbia's capital city is Belgrade. The population density is 3241 people per square kilometer.

India's capital city is New Delhi. The city has a population density of 29,259 people per square mile.

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country with growing population: India populations is due to high birth rate.

Ukraines populations is decreasing do to war with one of the strongest countries russia.

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We could use birth rate as a second measure of population dynamics between Spain and Lithuania. In Spain there are many immigrants and expats that move there for jobs and they often bring their families along with them or plan to start a family there. In Lithuania, many people are actually moving out due to unstable economy and not much jobs, which also leads for people to not start a family.

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For my comparison, I chose to compare China and Hungary. China had a large increase during the 2000s, however, their economy is slowing due to an older population and workforce, weaker demand domestically, despite this, their population has still had an overall increase over time. In comparison to this, is Hungary, a country where inflation rises, with wages also rising, and war in neighbouring countries negatively impacting the economy of Hungary, ultimately, driving people out of the Balkan region in general.

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Niamey being the capital city of Niger has an estimated population of around 1,561,490 in the year 2025 and reflects around a 4% increase in birth rate. Niamey is the largest and quite a densely populated region in Niger which has lower population density of around 22-23 people per square kilometer in 2025

San Marino's capital city is also called San Marino and has around 555 people per square kilometer in 2025. This displays that European countries quite often have lower population due to accessibility to easier healthcare

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The capital of Niger is Niamey, and it has a population density of 2,500 km² and over 1.4 million people. It has a very rapid growth, with city areas and population expanding quickly, and lots of crowded housing in parts.

The city of San Marino has a population density of 580 people/km. It’s a very small city, with only around 4100 people, and it has a very stable growth and has no rapid expansion. It’s historically planned, and the layout includes organized housing. It’s a quiet, compact city, and the city has less pressure on its infrastructure. It’s a city with more historic things than modern ones. For instance, it’s a city that has lots of medieval architecture, castles, and narrow streets rather than modern districts. Another big aspect is the healthcare there is very high quality, and universal healthcare ensures low infant mortality and long life expectancy.

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Niamey (Niger): ~1.4 million people, ~2,549 per km².

City of San Marino: ~4,100 people, ~582 per km².

Similarities: Both are capitals and national administrative/historic centers.
Differences: Niamey is much larger, denser, and rapidly expanding; San Marino is small, less dense, and historically preserved.

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Niger's capital city is named Niamey, it has a high population density of 1.5 million people per square kilometer with an estimated population of 1.56 million.

Bulgaria's capital city is named Sofia, it has a low population density of 5k people per square kilometer, with a population of 1.3 million people.

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Country with growing population: India

The reason for the population growth in India's population is mainly due to high birth rates.

Country with a declining population: Serbia

The reason for the declining population in Serbia is the low birth rates as well as many Serbians emigrating to countries in Western Europe, such as Germany, Austria and Switzerland for seeking better job opportunities, higher salaries, and improved living conditions.

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i choose to compare china and india both countries are growing but i think for diffrent reasons i think india has a big population because of cultural factors that incourage big families on the other hand china is more faincialy stable

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i compared both Cambodia and USA and the results are Cambodia population has grown by about 95000 since 2000 up from 180000 this country incresed so much since 2000 and population in the USA in 2023 a decrease from 66% in 2000 they decreased

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Growing country: India 1,450,935.79

The population is probably increasing because there is improved public health, and better living conditions, which lead to better life expectancy allowing people to live longer lives.

Declining country: Ukraine 37,860.22

The population is decreasing mostly due to the russian invasion which leads to refugees fleeing the country and high death rates.The population has been shrinking by an average of over 300,000 annually since 1993. In 2007, the country's rate of population decline was the fourth highest in the world.

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United Arab Emirates (-->)

Romania (<--)

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UAE population is increasing because Emirati families have higher birth rates. It is also because of the financial support the government gives (schools, health care, housing)etc. Romania's population is decreasing. This is because many citizens are Immigrating to find better economical places. Also the fertility rate is much less.

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1 Growing: Argentina 45,696.16

1 Declining: Bulgaria 6,444.37

Argentina is increasing in population due to slow natural growth, but births are still outpacing deaths. There is more immigration within the country as well which has been happening a lot during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Bulgaria is decreasing in population due to low birth rates, high mortality rates, and significant emigration, primarily of young, working-age people, to Western European countries seeking better opportunities. Younger bulgarians have left the country to find better opportunities abroad. Birth rates have remained below replacement levels since 1964, failing to produce enough births to maintain the population size. Bulgaria has a high death rate compared to other european countries, due to a lower life expectancy.

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increasing- Egypt

decreasing- Serbia

serbia used to be growing, going up to 7.15 million . However, starting in 1990 is started going down because of consistently low birth rates, an aging population, and the young skilled people travel abroad in search of better opportunities. In the other hand Egypt, during 1990 had 20 million people, and went up to 36 million. Egypt has a high population rate due to good education there so people don't have to leave the country and travel abroad they also historically have a high birth fertility rate.

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Japan's population is declining

Japan's population is declining primarily due to an extremely low birthrate and a high death rate, resulting in a natural population decrease where more people die than are born each year.

Democratic Republic increases

Due to a combination of high birth rates, a relatively young population structure, and conflict zones.

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The capital of Lithuania: Vilnius with a population of 607,667.

The capital of Spain: Madrid with a population of 3.4 million.

The differences is that the population of each of these capitals are vastly different. The similarity is that Madrid is increasing in population, and so did Vilnius by a bit since 2021, it increased by 100,000 people.

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for the growing country I have put Spain, Spain is a growing and successful country because it has great job opportunities and a greta environment and lastly the people are friendly.

For the declining country I have added Ukraine, Ukraine are declining because they are in a war with one of the strongest countrys in the world and people are dying.

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Canada's population has increased drastically after covid 19 due to the rate of expats, and unqualified individuals being allowed to enter the country.

on the flip side Belarus's population has a is in a national decrease, this is due to more people dying then being born. this may be correlated to the countries low population.

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I compared bosnia and china. China has had a large increase, particularly when the economic reform occured. This is because their was more money to go around and less immigration out of the country. In bosnia, in 1994 their was a massacre of bosniaks by the republik or srpska, and the post war trauma made less people give birth and more people dying mamkinng the natural birth to death ratio drop