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Key Takeaway:

Transactional Analysis (TA) is a great tool to promote self-awareness, improve communication, develop and maintain healthy relationships.

Everyone has 3 ego states (parent, adult, child) that are activated all the time.

TA is about recognising the ego states that are present in our conversations, allowing us to become more aware of our thoughts, emotions, and actions leading to improved transactions with others.

Communication breakdowns often happen because we are communicating from different 'ego states' or crossed transaction.

Thus, TA therapy's goal is to strengthen the adult state that is to think, feel, and behave in response to the present.

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Egan's Skilled Helper Model Illustration_Eunice Ang

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Transactional Analysis (TA) is a method for understanding how we talk and act with others based on three parts of ourselves: Parent, Adult, and Child. It shows us how these parts can affect our conversations and relationships. A key takeaway is to try to communicate from the "Adult" part of ourselves to keep things clear and calm, instead of letting "Parent" or "Child" take over.

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Beige Aesthetic Simple Business Research Brainstorm

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Transactional Analysis is a way to understand how people think, feel and talk to each other. It says we all have three parts inside us (Parent, Adult & Child). By identifying ego states in conversations, we can avoid common communication problems.

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There are 3 ego states apparent in each individual

1. Parent: Values/Behaviours and Attitude learned from authority figures. Formed by external events.

2. Adult: Grounded, logical, problem solving.

3. Child: Internal feelings to external events.

Key Takeaway of Transactional Analysis

1. Understanding that there is 3 ego states allows me to recognise the different dynamics that may possibly occur between conversation.

2. Learn to promote adult-adult communication. For example in school context, it is important as an educator to approach the parents with facts, evidence and observation and allow objective and logical decisions to be possibly made. Learn to be conscious about parent-child communication to avoid it. (Preventing Crossed Transactions)

3. To be very aware of my own Life Scripts. As Life scripts are beliefs that are formed sinced young, I have to be aware of them in order to not impose my belief system onto the other party and to remember to withhold judgement.

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- As a SENO, we need awareness and observational skills to ensure that both parties are in the adult ego state when responding to ensure a smooth communication.

- Learnt feelings or behaviours often replace the authentic feeling in order to achieve certain results but not effective in problem-solving.

- Sometimes what is observed may be a racket feeling that is scripted, so we should not engage or blindly push forward our agenda.

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According to TA, three ego states (Parent, Child or Adult) may be activated in our transactions. When communicating with stakeholders, being conscious of ego states allows us to identify when transactions become crossed. We can then adjust how we respond by strategically altering our ego states to shift the conversation from a challenging one to a more constructive one.

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Yellow Modern Colorful Business Research Brainstorm (2)

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Ridzafir Syah

As a SEN Officer, Transactional Analysis can help me with my interactions with students, colleagues, and parents by improving communication. Using the ego states, I can alter my approach by using the nurturing Parent to support students and the Adult to solve problems logically. This too can help me identify and address negative interactions or communication that may hinder collaboration, allowing me to build trust and create a more inclusive and supportive environment.

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Transactional Analysis is a theory of communication which offers tools to understand and improve relationships. It is based on 3 principles - we have 3 ego states (parent, adult, and child), we all have transactions, and we all activate our ego states in our transactions unconsciously. Successful communication should be complementary such that the receiving ego state will have to go back to the sending ego state or the communication would be ineffective.

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Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory about how people communicate and interact based on three "ego states"—Parent, Adult, and Child—which shape how we think, feel, and behave. It teaches us to recognize which ego state we are using in conversations and how it affects our communication. The key takeaway is that by understanding and managing these ego states, we can improve our relationships, avoid conflicts, and communicate more effectively.

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Egan's Skilled Helper Model (E-learning)

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Takeaway

1. For effective communication, ego states of the agent and respondent must match.

2. The main goal of TA is to strengthen the adult state.

3. Personally, I realised the importance of being aware of my own ego state in order to respond appropriately and in the most effective way to my students or even stakeholders.

Putting all these together, I realised that with teachers or other personnel in school, when we are challenged or questioned, we may sometimes feel offended and being aware would mean realising that these are thoughts coming from the child state of feeling small. Hence, I would need to remember my goal to work for the student’s interest and think about how I can move to the adult state.

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Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory of communication in which we plan and respond appropriately to a person’s state of emotion. Communication goes through the ego state of a parent, like a child or adult. This analyses the emotional responses and patterns given. The communicator needs to alter the ego state to ease the emotional state. Thus, it is essential to understand and identify our emotions and communication patterns and improve self-awareness.

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NCS129 Session 2_Pictorial Representation of Egan's Skilled Helper Model_Elaine Yap

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Everyone is made up of 3 ego states - parent, adult and child, and we move between these states in response to the thoughts and events we experience. For successful interactions/transactions to take place, they must be complementary (Parent to Child, Adult to Adult, Child to Parent). If a transaction is crossed, one or both parties need to shift their ego states to return to a stable interaction.

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Transactional Analysis identifies three ego states (Parent, Child, and Adult) that influence communication and interactions. Recognising ego states helps us manage crossed transactions by strategically adjusting our responses to foster constructive conversations. This framework supports effective communication by enabling individuals to identify their ego state, alter unproductive patterns, and manage their reactions based on past experiences. Key to its success is the ability to recognise ego states and use this awareness to stay grounded and maintain positive interactions.

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Transactional analysis allow us to identify and realise the ego state that we are in, based on how we sound and act as a critical individual or nurturing individual when communicating with the students’ parent in any given situation and managing ourselves to keep grounded. Individuals will react, respond and behave differently depending on the state that they are in based on the experiences that they had encountered in the past. Key success of transactional analysis is the ability to recognize the key characteristics at work.

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3 Takeaways from Transactional Analysis (TA):

1. To understand and adapt communication styles

Everyone communicates from different mindsets or roles, like being a parent, child, or logical adult. As a SEN officer, I need to:

Stay calm, empathetic, and logical (Adult mindset) when guiding teachers, parents, or students.

Recognize when someone is acting emotionally (Child) or being overly strict (Critical Parent) and adjust my approach accordingly to keep the conversation positive and productive.

2. Celebrate successes (big or small)

Based on TA, people thrive on recognition and validation (positive strokes). Whether it is a student achieving a small milestone, a teacher trying a new strategy, or a parent making an effort, I should give positive feedback. This builds motivation and reinforces good behaviours.

3. Break unhelpful patterns

Sometimes people get stuck in unproductive cycles (life scripts), like blaming self/others, guilt, or avoiding problems (Child or Parent). My role as a SEN officer (Adult) is to notice these patterns and help shift the focus to solutions. This creates a healthier, forward-thinking environment.

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When someone expresses a feeling, it might be a learned, inauthentic reaction rooted in childhood experiences, often masking their true emotions; to uncover their genuine feelings, it is essential to delve deeper and get to know them better.

We are constantly shifting between the Parent, Adult, and Child ego states in response to interactions with others, as well as our own thoughts and experiences.

It is important to stay mindful and avoid allowing one specific ego state to dominate our behaviour and responses; the key is having psychological flexibility to move between each ego state as needed.

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Transactional Analysis looks into the dynamics of communication by identifying 3 egos states, Parent, Adult and Child. The Parent, Adult, Child and the interaction between them form the foundation of this analysis. It requires us to be aware of how we feel, think and behave during interaction. This theory allows us to be a better communicator with people especially when we go back to school as we have to communicate and colloborate with different stakeholders. When we know which ego state we are at, we are able to intervene and improve the quality and effectiveness of it.

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Transactional analysis is a theory that helps explains why we think, act and feel the way we do. It is based on three principles - we all have three ego states (parent, adult and child), we all have transactions (with others or internally with ourselves), and we all unconsciously activate our ego states in our transactions. It is important to be conscious and identify which ego states are present in our transactions, so that we can have better and more constructive transactions with our close ones.

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3-Sentence Takeaway:

Transactional Analysis focus on understanding and improving human relationships by analysing communications between individuals and that our personalities are shaped by 3 distinct "ego states", namely Parent, Adult and Child.

1. The Ego States (Parent, Adult and Child) - All of us have these three distinct ego states that shaped our behavior and interactions with others. In understanding these three ego states, it will help us to recognise how to respond to others during "transactions" and help to improve self awareness and communication.

2. A healthy communication or "transaction" occurs when people communicate from Complimentary ego states (eg. Adult to Adult, Parent to Parent). Miscommunication or conflicts usually arise from Crossed transactions (eg. Adult to Child, Child to Adult) whereby the transactions are often mismatch and causing frictions.

3. People more often than not engage in psychological games whereby the patterns of behavior unconsciously lead to negative outcomes. Individuals may follow their life scripts or racket feelings that was picked up during their childhood. Recognising these patterns, individuals can break free from these unhealthy cycles by working on rewriting their life scripts with a new process.

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Transactional Analysis is a powerful tool used to support effective communication skills between individuals (the agent and respondent). The key in identifying which role the agent and respondent plays in a conversation enables constructive conversations to be displayed. Transaction analysis help individuals to identify one's ego state, alter the racket system and life script for a more positive outlook socially.

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Egan's Skilled Helper Model

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Green Simple Give Away (Flyer (Landscape)) (1)

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1. Transactional Analysis is a language within a language. A language of true feeling, meaning and motive.

2. Our early life experiences create unconscious 'life scripts' and fundamental beliefs about ourselves and others that continue to influence our behaviour and relationships throughout adulthood. This further emphasise how critical childhood experiences are in one's development.

3. By understanding these patterns and consciously choosing healthier modes of interaction, particularly from the Adult ego state, we can improve our relationships and personal effectiveness.

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1) I learnt about the different manifestations of the Parent (taught), Child (felt) and Adult (thought) in verbal and non-verbal communication, feelings will determine which ego state is being activated during communication.

2) Being aware of what contributes to successful communication. The ego states of the agent and the respondent need to “match” e.g. if the communication is from a Parent to Child, the response needs to be Child to Parent. A crossed interaction e.g. Parent to Parent will lead to a highly unstable interaction which will not be beneficial for effective communication.

3) It is important to be self-aware of your trigger points as well as of your own ego state especially in situations that might evoke heightened emotions. This is important so that we can maintain in the Adult state and not switch to the Parent or Child state which might cause ineffective communication.

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Special Needs Officers can utilize Transactional Analysis (TA) to effectively communicate by recognizing the three ego states in an individual --parent, adult, and child. This allows them to better understand and meet the emotional and cognitive needs of the individual. As a result, the officer can establish trust and rapport with the individuals they assist, as it encourages empathetic, non-judgmental interactions. The officer can tailor their approach to encourage positive behavior in individuals with special needs and support their personal development using TA.

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Pink Cute Modern Effective Study Habit Mindmap Brainstorm

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1)Transactional analysis talks about having a deeper understanding about yourself and others through an exchange of communications/interaction between people

This exchange /can be complementary (i.e where communications flows smoothly ) or crossed (e.g both parties may try to outtalk each other) depending on the person’s ego state. For communication to be deem as effective the ego state between the two parties must be complementary.

2)The key concepts of transactional analysis states that everyone has 3 different ego states.

-Parents : one’s behavioural can be taught and affected by prior positive or negative experience from an authoritative figure . The behaviour that has been taught can affect one’s behaviour either being controlling or nurturing to the same situation.

-Adult  one behaviour can be determine by their ability to think and determine action for ourselves based on their logical thought process of the situation

-Child : one’s behaviour can be instantaneous and can be affected based on feelings.

3) TA is an effective tool to improve on communication so that it helps to develop self-awareness and foster healthy relationships with others where each and everyone is being heard and supported.

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Transactional Analysis helps to determine the ego state of a communicator (parent-like, childlike, or adult-like). Our feelings from different events determine which ego state we use when we communicate, and we shift from one ego state to another. Complimentary transactions are stable and usually do not cause issues, but crossed transactions of the ego states are highly unstable and can cause the transactions to either stop, or cause an ego shift in one of the parties.

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Transactional Analysis is a theory that will help us communicate with others by changing our ego state (parent, child and adult). It is important to adjust our ego state to best suit the situation for the best outcome. To carry out effective conversations, we need to take note to have complimentary transactions (adult-adult, parent-child, child-parent), instead of crossed transactions where a negative interaction would occur.

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1. Understanding the ego state of the person speaking can help us take up an appropriate ego state ourselves, so that we can achieve better outcomes in our communication and avoid or defuse an escalating situation.

2. When communicating with parents and main-stream colleagues, keeping conversations at an adult-to-adult state is ideal as it helps maintain focus, facilitate positive collaborations and enhance interpersonal relationships.

3. When communicating with a student, a nurturing and/or firm parent state helps to set boundaries while respecting the student’s emotions. Avoid the critical-parent state because it communicates judgment and is likely to escalate a difficult situation.

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By recognising what activates our Adult, Parent and Child states, we can choose to communicate and make conscious choices of our responses and interactions. This approach helps us better understand and respond to others' needs. Being aware of the different ego states reduces communication issues caused by misunderstandings and can help create, develop and maintain relationships with others.

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After going through this lesson, I am aware the present of the 3 ego states in me and others.

The interrelationship of the parent and child state and the adult state that can balance it out is a useful knowledge to have for me to be aware of the behaviour of students and parents as a SENO. Also another interesting thing is the racket system, it seems to have a strong co-relation with the parent state.

On a personal level, I can actually use this model to keep myself in check as well and stay at the adult state as much as possible.

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We all have three ego stages: parent, adult and child. These ego states are made up of consistent feelings and behaviours.

The three ego states 'show up' whether we want them or not.

We can better understand ourselves by analyzing our transactions with the people closest to us.

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Transactional Analysis is a useful tool to help us communicate better, be more self-aware and also in our relationships with people around us.

The key takeaway is when we focus on self-awareness, we are able to respond systematically instead of reacting on impulse and get things done wrongly which might cause more trouble.

This is especially important when communicating with parents and getting the correct information across to them.

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TA is based on the concept that : People are ok, they can think and decide own destinies as their decisions can be changed. We have 3 ego states and it is important to strengthen the adult stage. We can make a change in our Racket System and Script. With TA, we can understand what is going on and make choices on which ego state to adopt in certain situations. It is important that Complementary transactions take place (receiving and sending egos are complementary) so as to reduce conflicts.

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From Berne, we understand that everyone of us has three ego states, which are:

1. Parent: This parent ego state is like an internalized voice of authority and can be nurturing or critical. Examples include giving advice, being judgmental, or offering protection.

2. Adult: The Adult ego state helps individuals respond to situations based on what is happening in the present moment, rather than being influenced by past experiences, basically from a logical perspective

3. Child (C): The Child ego state reflects the feelings, impulses, and behaviors of younger children who are playful, fun-loving.

Therefore as an educator, It's important to know which ego state we are in for any situations and then analyze to see which ego states our students are in as well. This can help to prevent any conflicts or argument if we know how to shift the ego states whenever necessary. Most importantly we must NOT use any background information or judgement of a person we are communicating with to unknowingly shift our ego states, but instead approach the situation with an open-mind to allow good interactions.

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Transactional Analysis

1. We all have different ways of thinking and behaving that is influenced by our past. These different ways of being are often called "ego states."

2. How we communicate with others depends on which of these "ego states" we are using at that moment.

3. By understanding this, we can communicate more effectively with all stakeholders by aligning our communication with their expected responses and minimizing the likelihood of conflicts arising from miscommunication with the complimentary states.

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Transactional Analysis categorizes communication based on three ego states: Parent (learned behaviors), Adult (rational thinking), and Child (emotional responses). Effective communication occurs when interacting ego states align, while mismatched states (crossed transactions) lead to conflict. Self-awareness of one's own and others' ego states, along with recognition of communication patterns, is key to improving interactions and building stronger relationships.

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Transactional Analysis helps us understand communication by identifying three ego states: Parent, Adult, and Child. These states and their interactions form the core of the theory. It encourages us to be aware of our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors during interactions by helping individuals recognize their ego states, change negative patterns and develop a more positive approach to social interactions. By understanding our ego state, we can communicate more effectively. Knowing our ego state allows us to improve the quality of our communication and encourage constructive dialogue.

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1. During communication, we can switch between and communicate from our 3 ego states (child, adult or parent) and you can choose which ego states to adopt to maintain better relationships with others. Transactional analysis helps us better understand ourselves by analysing our transactions with others.

2. Effective transactions are when successful communications are complementary where they must go back from the receiving ego state to the sending ego state.

3. Ineffective communication happens when there are cross transactions. In such cases, the agent or the respondent must replace the situation with a complementary transaction in order for the discussion to continue.

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Transactional Analysis is a new concept for me. It took me a while to understand it. My key takeaways are:

(1) This is a good theory for me to understand how my interactions with people around me can produce different reaction.

(2) It is not permanent and our reaction can be changed through therapy/ intentional awareness.

(3) I think it would be good to help students understand themselves better.

Overall, it is interesting concept and it has let me to reflect more on how I can improve myself in my response.

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Three key takeaways after learning about transactional analysis

1. The ego state that we see in others during interactions may be more about them than just about the conversation or interaction that is happening at that moment. It is important to be empathetic and respectful when interacting with stakeholders.

2. There is a lot that we can learn from tone of voice and body language therefore we should have face to face conversations whether in person or online if possible to avoid misunderstanding or fail transactions.

3. With this model in mind, it would be useful to tell which ego state the other party is in during interactions and how to respond effectively. It would be useful to help de-escalate conflict or fail transactions.

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Understanding and identifying the 3 ego states that we have, will give us a better communication.

We are constantly shifting our ego states when having interactions.

When we are able to have an effective communication, it also improve our relationship with the person.

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Transactional Analysis is a way to understand how people communicate and interact.

Transactional Analysis states that people communicate from three states: Parent (acting like an authority figure, either caring or strict), Adult (thinking logically and based on facts), and Child (acting like they did in childhood, either playful or rebellious).

My key takeaway would be by recognizing communication patterns, we can avoid misunderstandings, reduce conflicts, and build healthier relationships in both personal and professional settings.

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Three take-aways:
- TA is a concept to overcome habitual way of expressing oneself due to events in childhood and it influences the speaker's emotions and scripts when communicating with others.
- Application of TA strategies could help us to have constructive and productive conversations with others like being aware of our ego state and relate to others respectfully.
- Personally, it is important as an adult to model appropriate communication skills as the others would respond in accordance to how we relay the information to them, especially to the young children. They are at the vulnerable stage and absorb the modelling that we display when communicating with them.

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Through Transactional Analysis, I have come to understand that we possess 3 ego states - Parent, Adult and Child which are susceptible to change in our transactions with others. A transaction consists of 3 components - what we say, what response we expect to receive and lastly, what response we actually receive. For effective and successful communication to take place, there needs to be complementary transaction. Signs of a complementary transaction include feeling okay, feeling seen or understood and having the conversation feel like it can go on forever.

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Transactional Analysis helps us understand how we interact with others. It is based on 3 ego states (Parent, Adult, Child).

Good communication happens when we match our ego state with the other person's. When we don't match, misunderstandings can occur.

Using Transactional Analysis can help us improve relationships, grow as individuals and solve problems better. By being more aware of our ego states, we can choose how to respond to situations.

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1. It is interesting to learn about the different ego states and how each individual may play a different role in a conversation/conflict. Understanding what these ego states are will allow ourselves to reflect during, before and after the conversation to enable us to alter the ego state that we are in depending on the ego state of the other person in order to achieve a win-win situation.

2. However, I found that it may not be age-appropriate especially for the lower primary students and in fact, can be too abstract a concept for some of our students with SEN who may struggle with perspective taking. TA can only be taught once students have the prequisite skills of understanding feelings/emotions and perspective-taking.

3. In all, I still believe that TA is a useful tool in helping us understand ourselves better which can then influence how we respond to others in a transaction. Having such self-awareness can certainly enhance our interactions and relationships with others.

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As a SENO, I can use the concept of the Parent, Adult, and Child ego states to better understand the behaviors of students, especially those with needs. For example, if a student is acting out or withdrawing, the SENO can assess whether the student’s behavior is coming from a Child (emotional response), Parent, or Adult (rational thinking) ego state. This understanding can help me develop appropriate strategies for supporting the student.

Many students with needs struggle with emotional regulation and social interactions. Using TA, I can help students understand their emotional responses (Child state) and guide them in shifting to more logical, problem-solving Adult behavior when facing challenges. This helps build emotional intelligence and self-regulation skills.

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1. Transactional analysis requires the reflection and acknowledgement of one's ego state and the other person's, to shift ego states to attain a calm and successful communication.

2. The key takeaway involves understanding the 3 ego states of Parent, Adult, and Child. It is important to change states in response to the thoughts and events we experience, and in response to people.

3. This means that in our roles as SENO, when communicating with parents or teachers, we will need to analyse the transactions, to either elicit their adult ego states or respond appropriately to create a complementary transaction.